1. .

- Life was very simple - Their means of livelihood were hunting

and gathering wild fruits and vegetables - They lived in crude
huts - Organization was tribal and usually headed by the oldest
or wisest among members - There was no reading or writing -
Information was transmitted through word of mouth, songs,
gestures, ceremonial rites and the like.
2. 2. 1. Security and survival from dangers that could be inflicted by
the following: - natural phenomena ( typhoons, floods,
earthquake, fires, etc.) - fierce, wild and poisonous animals and
reptiles( lions, tigers, snakes and rats) - evil spirits - hunger
because of scarcity of food - other tribes which were hostile to
them
3. 3. 2. Conformity – the interest of one was sacrificed for the
interest of the group. 3. Preservation and transmission of
traditions – the ways they were doing things were the best and
they want to preserve it and be transmitted to the incoming
generation.
4. 4. 1. Vocational – like hunting, constructing a hut 2. Religious
( animistic) – learning how to participate in ritualistic practices
to please or appease the unseen spirits.
5. 5. 1. Ways of procuring the basic necessities in life and of
protecting life from dangers 2. Superstitions- how to worship
before the dwelling of an unseen spirit such as big tree, a big
rock, a river, a big bush, etc.
6. 6. 1. Home- always the center of learning especially for the
young 2. Environment- for instance, if one happened to step on a
thorn and got hurt, he now became careful not to step on thorn.
7. 7. There was none. There was no gradations in instruction;
neither were there organized classes.
8. 8. 1. All instruction was done informally- merely enculturation of
characteristics, skills, knowledge and attitudes upon children. 2.
Observation and imitation from parents 3. Simple telling and
 demonstration- this is lecture- demonstration nowadays 4.
Participation- children participated in the work of their parents
and they learned.
9. 9. There was no financing involved since there was no teacher to
pay, no learning materials to buy, and no school to construct
because education was strictly informal.
10. 10. The primitive man started the rudiments of education
from which evolved the modern educational systems of today.
11. 11. - were commercial people - their king called patesi was
their temporal as well as spiritual leader - there system of writing
was cuneiform
12. 12. 1. Training of scribes- trained to do ecclesiastical work
in temples mostly writing. 2. Training of bookkeepers- to record
their multifarious business transactions 3. Training of teachers 4.
Training the learners to be good and to do good things
especially to their god and to humanity called namlulu.
13. 13. 1. Writing Education 2. Mathematical education- little
arithmetic including counting and operations of low digit
numbers 3. Language education- little grammar, giving names to
many things 4. Vocational education- apprenticeship for the
workers 5. Professional education- medicine and surgery, law,
astronomy and architecture 6. Art education- poetry, epics,
essays, fables, music, jewelry designing, sculpture and
architecture.
14. 14. 1. Reading, writing, little arithmetic 2. Astronomy for
predicting the planting and reaping seasons, astrology,
medicine and surgery. 3. Architecture, agriculture and hydraulics
4. Jewelry designing in gold, copper and silver, sculpture,
literary art 5. Vocational training includes carpentry, ship
building smithing 6. In law, some simple rules and regulations to
be obeyed
15. 15. 1. Home 2. School- consisted of six rooms with walls 8
to 9 feet high 3. Temple school- more elaborate. They had big
halls. 4. Apprentice schools- schools for highly skilled craftsmen
in beautiful artworks in gold, silver and copper, sculpture,
architecture and in metal works.
16. 16. -There was already organized classes as far back as
3000B. C. -There was higher education for the professions and
for those who could afford it. Education was not universal.
17. 17. 1. Imitation and copying what the teacher had written
and followed by minimal explanation. 2. Preparation of tablets-
the main works of the learners that dealt with their lessons
18. 18. It was not clear whether the students paid tuition fees
or not but most probably the students paid certain amounts of
fees thus preventing the less privileged from continuing their
higher education.
19. 19. Sumerian’ s outstanding contribution to education and
especially to civilization was its cuneiform writing.