A liquid fuel analyzing 88% (weight) C and 12% (weight) Hy when burned with excess air gives a flue gas of the following composition on a dry basis: CO, = 13.5%, O) = 3.5% and N, = 83.0%. Calculate the following: (a) The percent excess air used (b) The volume of dry flue gases at STP per 100 kg of the fuel bumed Carbon dioxide is produced by treating limestone with sulphuric acid. The analysis of the residue leaving the process showed 9.0% CaSO, 5.5% MgSOx, 1.0% H;SOs, 0.5% inerts and 0.1% CO, and 83.9% water. The limestone charged contains calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate and inert insoluble matter. The CO and water vapour produced are removed. Determine the following: (a) The percent composition of the limestone used (b) The percent excess acid used (c) The quantity of CO, recovered per 100 kg of limestone charged Phosphorus is produced by reacting calcium phosphate with silica and carbon in an electric furnace: Ca3(PO4)2 + 3Si0, —- 3CaSiO; + P,Os 2P,0; + SC > 4P + SCO, Calcium silicate forms a liquid slag, whereas phosphorus passes off as vapour along with CO, and is condensed. Phosphate rock containing 80% Ca,(PO4)) and the rest inert impurities is charged with 25% excess silica and 50% excess carbon. The first reaction is 80% complete, whereas the second is 90% complete. Calculate the following on a basis of per 1000 kg of the rock charged to the furnace: (a) The weight of phosphorus produced (b) The weight of calcium silicate produced (c) The percent recovery of phosphorusPowdered bauxite is reacted with dilute sulphuric acid to produce aluminium sulphate. Ina typical operation, 1000 kg of bauxite containing 50% AI,O; is treated with 1700 kg of 75% sulphuric acid. The reacted mass is filtered to remove solid residue. The filtrate is concentrated to crystallize 2000 kg of Al,(SO,);:9H,0. Calculate the following: (a) The percent excess reactant used (b) The degree of completion of the reaction (c) The weight and composition of solid residue produced. In the fixation of nitrogen by the arc process, air is passed through an electric arc. Some of the nitrogen is oxidized to NO which on cooling is oxidized to NO). Of the NO) formed, 66% will get associated to NO, at 300 K. The gases are then passed into absorption towers where HNO; is formed by the following reaction: H,0 + 3NO, > NO + 2HNO; The NO liberated in this reaction will be reoxidized in part and form more nitric acid. In the operation of such a plant, it is found possible to produce gases from the arc furnace in which the nitric oxide is 2% by volume while hot, The gases are cooled to 300 K at a pressure of 1.013 bar before being sent to the absorber. Calculate the following: (a) The complete analysis by volume of the hot gases leaving the furnace assuming. that the air entering the furnace was of average composition (b) The partial pressures of NO and N,Q, in the gases entering the absorption tower (c) The weight of HNO; formed by 1000 m? of gas entering the absorption system if the conversion to HNO; of the combined Np in the furnace gases is 85% complete Ethylene dichloride is manufactured by the oxychlorination of ethylene: 2C,Hy + 4HC1 + 0, > 2C;H,Cl, + 2H;0 Though ethylene and air are supplied respectively 5% and 10% in excess over those required for the complete conversion of hydrogen chloride, the conversion attained is found to be only 90%. For 500 kmol of HCI supplied, calculate the following: (a) The moles of the reactant and products (b) The mass of the reactants and products (c) The composition of the reactant stream in weight percent (d) The composition of the product stream in weight percent.Acetylene is produced industrially by reacting calcium carbide and water: CaC; + HjO0 > CaO + C3Hp Calcium carbide containing 8% inert impurities is reacted with water so that the reaction goes to completion. For producing 1000 kg of acetylene, calculate the following: (a) The weight of impure carbide needed (b) The weight of solid residue after the reaction (c) The weight ratio of acetylene to water vapour if the acetylene produced is saturated with water vapour at 306 K and 101.3 kPa, The vapour pressure of water at 306 K is 5 kPa.