NoSQL

1. What is a NoSQL database and list the different types of NoSQL databases.
NoSQL databases are non-tabular databases and store data differently in other means
than the tabular relations used in relational databases.
Types of NoSQL databases:
Document Oriented
Key Value
Graph
Column Oriented

2. What are the advantages of NoSQL over traditional RDBMS?

It supports semi-structured data and volatile data
It does not have schema
Read/Write throughput is very high
Horizontal scalability can be achieved easily
Will support Bigdata in volumes of Terra Bytes & Peta Bytes
Provides good support for Analytic tools on top of Bigdata

3. Define ACID properties.

Atomicity: It ensures all-or-none rule for database modifications.
Consistency: Data values are consistent across the database.
Isolation: Two transactions are said to be independent of one another.
Durability: Data is not lost even at the time of server failure.

4. What is the difference b/w document oriented and key value in NoSQL?
Key value: it's a storage system that stores values indexed by a key
Document oriented: values are stored in a structured format

5. When to use NoSQL database instead of a relational database.

The possible reasons are:

• client wants 99.999% availability on a high traffic site.

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• your data makes no sense in SQL, you find yourself doing multiple JOIN queries for
accessing some piece of information.
• you are breaking the relational model, you have CLOBs that store denormalized data
and you generate external indexes to search that data.

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AWS

6. Define and explain the three basic types of cloud services and the AWS products that
are built based on them?
The three basic types of cloud services are:

Computing
Storage
Networking
Here are some of the AWS products that are built based on the three cloud service
types:

Computing - These include EC2, Elastic Beanstalk, Lambda, Auto-Scaling, and Lightsat.

Storage - These include S3, Glacier, Elastic Block Storage, Elastic File System.

Networking - These include VPC, Amazon CloudFront, Route53

7. What is a DDoS attack, and what services can minimize them?

DDoS is a cyber-attack in which the perpetrator accesses a website and creates multiple
sessions so that the other legitimate users cannot access the service. The native tools
that can help you deny the DDoS attacks on your AWS services are:
AWS Shield
AWS WAF
Amazon Route53
Amazon CloudFront
2

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 ELB
VPC
8. What is the difference between stopping and terminating an EC2 instance?
While you may think that both stopping and terminating are the same, there is a
difference. When you stop an EC2 instance, it performs a normal shutdown on the
instance and moves to a stopped state. However, when you terminate the instance, it is
transferred to a stopped state, and the EBS volumes attached to it are deleted and can
never be recovered.

9. How do you configure CloudWatch to recover an EC2 instance?

Here’s how you can configure them:
Create an Alarm using Amazon CloudWatch
In the Alarm, go to Define Alarm -> Actions tab
Choose Recover this instance option

10. Explain Amazon relational database?

11. What is the name of AWS DB service which is a NoSQL database and server less?
(Amazon DynamoDB)

12. What is a key value store?

Key-value store is a database service that facilitates the storing, updating, and querying
of the objects which are generally identified with the key and values. These objects
consist of the keys and values which constitute the actual content that is stored.

13. What are the datatypes supported by Dynamo DB?

DynamoDB supports different types of data types such as collection data types, scalar
data types, and even null values.
Scalar Data Types – The scalar data types supported by DynamoDB are:

Binary
Number
Boolean
3

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 String

Collection Data Types – The collection data types supported by DynamoDB are:

Binary Set
Number Set
String Set
Heterogeneous Map
Heterogeneous List

14. What is a data warehouse and how AWS Redshift can play a vital role in storage?

A data warehouse can be thought of a repository where the data generated from the company’s
systems and other sources is collected and stored. A data warehouse has three-tier architecture:

• In the bottom tier, we have the tools which cleanse and collect the data.
• in the middle tier, we have tools which transform the data using Online Analytical
Processing Server.
• In the top tier, we have different tools where data analysis and data mining is
performed at the front end.
Setting up and managing a data warehouse involves a lot of money as the data in an organization
continuously increases and the organization has to continuously upgrade their data storage
servers. So here AWS Redshift comes into existence where the companies store their data in the
cloud-based warehouses provided by Amazon.

15. Can you differentiate DynamoDB, RDS, and RedShift?

DynamoDB, RDS, and RedShift these three are the database management services offered by
Amazon. These can be differentiated as –

Amazon DynamoDB is the NoSQL database service which deals with the unstructured data.
DynamoDB offers a high level of scalability with faster and inevitable performance.
4

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 Amazon RDS is the database management service for the relational databases which
manages upgrading, fixing, patching, and backing up information of the database without
your intervention. RDS is solely a database management service for the structure data.

Amazon RedShift is totally different from RDS and DynamoDB. RedShift is a data warehouse
product that is used in data analysis.

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GIT
16. What do you understand by Version control system?
17. How do you initialize a repository in Git?
18. What are the advantages of using GIT
19. Explain the git push command
20. What is merge conflict in Git?

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