Lampiran B Dai (Perhitungan)

123
LAMPIRAN B
PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA DAN PANAS
SECARA DESAIN DAN AKTUAL PADA ALAT
LOW PRESSURE DECOMPOSER (DA-202)
UNIT UREA PUSRI II-B
Flow Chart LPD DA-202

Aliran 19 ( EA-402 )
Top Product
CO2, NH3, H2O
Aliran 14 ( DA-201 )
Output HPD
UREA, CO2, NH3,
H2O, BIURET
Steam Low
Aliran 33 ( DA-501 )
Condensate Stripper
CO2, NH3, H2O
Aliran 3
CO2 Compressor
CO2
Aliran 18 ( FA-205 )
Bottom Product
UREA, CO2, NH3,
H2O, BIURET
Gambar B.1 Low Pressure Decomposer (LPD) Secara Desain

124
Data desain material balance Low Pressure Decomposer (LPD) di Urea Plant
PUSRI II-B
Tabel B.1 Input dari HPA (Aliran 14)
Komposisi Kg/hr %wt
Urea 115885 60,1
NH₃ 14953 7,76
CO₂ 6310 3,27
H₂O 55116 28,58
Biuret 550 0,29
Total 192814 100
Tabel B.2 Input dari Condensate Stripper (Aliran 33)

Komposisi Kg/hr %wt
Urea - -
NH₃ 1800 10,74
CO₂ 1438 8,58
H₂O 13522 80,68
Biuret - -
Total 16760 100
Tabel B.3 Input CO2 Kompresor (Aliran 3)

Komposisi Kg/hr %wt
Urea - -
NH₃ - -
CO₂ 3781 100
H₂O - -
Biuret - -
Total 3781 100
Tabel B.4 Output ke Flash Separator (Aliran 18)

Komposisi Kg/hr %wt
Urea 115063 64,31
NH₃ 1326 0,74
CO₂ 774 0,43
H₂O 61222 34,21
Biuret 561 0,31
Total 178946 100
125
Tabel B.5 Output ke LPA (Aliran 19)

Komposisi Kg/hr %wt
Urea - -
NH₃ 15888 46,17
CO₂ 11347 32,98
H₂O 7174 20,85
Biuret - -
Total 34409 100
Sumber : Datasheet P-II B, P2B-20-00-MB-0001-T Urea Plant Material Balance
Tabel B.6 Berat atom yang berkaitan
Berat
Atom
(kg/kmol)
H 1,008
C 12,01
N 14,01
O 16
Sumber : Hayden McNeil Periodic Table, hmpublishing.com
Tabel B.7 Berat molekul yang berkaitan

Berat
Molekul
(kg/kmol)
NH3 (Ammonia) 17,034
CO2 (Karbon Dioksida) 44,01
NH2CONH2 (Urea) 60,062
H2O (Air) 18,016
NH2COONH4 (Karbamat) 78,078
NH2CONHCONH2 (Biuret) 103,09
Sumber : Hayden McNeil Periodic Table, hmpublishing.com
126
Tabel. B.8. Neraca Massa Desain (Berdasarkan Datasheet Material Balance Urea
Plant P -II B)
Komponen Input Output

Aliran 14 Aliran 33 Aliran 3 Aliran 18 Aliran 19
(Liquid) (gas) (gas) (liquid) (gas)
Urea 115885 - - 115063 -
NH3 14953 1800 - 1326 15888
CO2 6310 1438 3781 774 11347
H2O 55116 13522 - 61222 7174
Biuret 550 - - 561 -
Total 192814 16760 3781 178946 34409
213355 213355
Catatan :CO2 (l) diasumsikan karbamat
1. Neraca Massa Desain Low Pressure Decomposer (LPD)

Basis : 1 jam Operasi
A. Menghitung % Ammonium karbamate yang terdekomposisi
 Aliran 14 Inlet
a. Mol NH3 mula-mula : = = 877,8326 kmol
b. Mol CO2 mula-mula : = = 143,3765 kmol
2NH3 (l) + CO2 (g) ↔ NH2COONH4 (l)

M 877,8326 143,3765 kmol
B 286,7530 143,3765 143,3765 kmol
S 591,0796 0,00 143,3765 kmol
c. Mol NH3 bereaksi : 2 x mol CO2 input = 2 x 143,377 kmol

= 286,7530 kmol
Massa NH3 yang bereaksi = mol NH3 bereaksi x BM NH3
= 286,7530 kmol x 17,034 kg/kmol
= 4884,5506 kg
Berat NH3 bebas = mol NH3 sisa x BM NH3
= 591,0796 kmol x 17,034 kg/kmol
= 10068,4492 kg
127
d. Berat ammonium karbamat inlet = mol NH2COONH4 x BM NH2COONH4

= 143,3765 kmol x 78,078 kg/kmol
= 11194,5508 kg
 Aliran 18 Outlet

M 77,8443 17,5869 - kmol
B 35,1738 17,5869 17,5869 kmol
S 42,6705 0,00 17,5869 kmol
Mol NH3 bereaksi : 2 x mol CO2 inlet = 2 x 17,5869 kmol

= 35,1738 kmol
Berat NH3 yang bereaksi = mol NH3 bereaksi x BM NH3
= 35,1738 kmol x 17,034 kg/kmol
= 599,1505 kg
= 42,6705 kmol x 17,034 kg/kmol
= 726,8493 kg
c. Berat Amm. Karbamat Output = mol NH2COONH4x BMNH2COONH4

= 17,5869 kmol x 78,078 kg/kmol
= 1373,1507 kg
Reaksi dekomposisi Ammonium Karbamat
a. Amm. Carbamate input : 11194,55037 kg

b. Amm. Carbamate output : 1373,1507 kg
c. Amm. Carbamate terdekomposisi : Carbamate input-Carbamate output
: 11194,5508 kg – 1373,1509 kg
: 9821,3999 kg
128
Mol karbamat terdekomposisi :
: = 125,7895 kmol
NH2COONH4 2NH3 + CO2

M 143,3765 - - kmol
B 125,7896 251,5792 125,7896 kmol
S 17,5869 251,5792 125,7896 kmol
d. Massa NH3 = mol NH3 x BM NH3

= 251,5792 kmol x 17,034 kg/kmol
= 4285,3983 kg
e. Massa CO2 = mol CO2 x BM CO2
= 125,7895 kmol x 44,01 kg/kmol
= 5535,9959 kg
% Amm. Carbamate terdekomposisi = x 100%
–
= x 100%
= x 100%
= 87,73%
B. Menghitung % Biuret yang terbentuk

a. Biuret yang terbentuk : Biuret output – Biuret input
: 561 kg – 550 kg = 11 kg
Mol biuret yang terbentuk :
: = 0,1067 kmol
b. Mol urea mula-mula :
: = 1929,4229 kmol
129
2NH2CONH2 → NH2CONHCONH2 + NH3

mula-mula 1929,4229 - - kmol
Bereaksi 0,2134 0,1067 0,1067 kmol
Sisa 1929,2095 0,1067 0,1067 kmol
c. Berat NH3 yang terbentuk : mol NH3 x BM NH3

: 0,1067 kmol x 17,034 kg/kmol
: 1,8175 kg
d. Berat urea yang bereaksi : mol 2NH2CONH2 x BM NH2CONH2
: 0,2134 kmol x 60,062 kg/kmol
: 12,8172 kg
% urea yang menjadi biuret : x 100%
: x 100% = 0,01106 %
C. Mengitung %Urea Terhidrolisa

a. Berat urea terhidrolisa = Urea input – (Urea biuret + Urea output)
= 115885 kg – (12,8172 + 115063) kg
= 809,1828 kg
Mol urea terhidrolisa = = 13,4724 kmol
CH4N2O + H2O → CO2 + 2NH3

M 1929,4229 3059,2806 - - kmol
B 13,4724 13,4724 13,4724 26,9448 kmol
S 1915,9505 3045,8082 13,4724 26,9448 kmol
b. Mol H2O yang dibutuhkan = 13,4724 kmol

Berat H2O yang dibutuhkan = mol H2O x BM H2O
= 13,4724 kmol x 18,016 kg/kmol
= 242,7187 kg
130
c. Mol NH3 yang terbentuk = 2 x mol urea = 2 x 13,4724 kmol

= 26,9448 kmol
Berat NH3 yang terbentuk : mol NH3 x BM NH3

: 26,9448 kmol x 17,034 kg/kmol
: 459,8294 kg
d. Mol CO2 yang terbentuk : 13,4724 kmol

Berat CO2 yang terbentuk : mol CO2 x BM CO2
: 13,4724 kmol x 44,01 kg/kmol
: 592,9203 kg
% urea terhidolisa : x 100%
: x 100% = 0,698 %
D. Menghitung % H2O yang menguap

% H2O yang menguap = x 100%
= x 100%
= 13,0162%
E. Menghitung % NH3 yang Menguap
% NH3 menguap = × 100%

= x 100%
= 92,78%
Aliran Oulet ke EA-402 (Top Product)
1. NH3 = NH3 berlebih inlet − NH3 berlebih outlet +NH3 hasil penguraian
karbamate + NH3 hasil hidrolisa urea + NH3 hasil pembentukan
biuret+ NH3 Kondensat Stripper
= (10068,44991− 726,8493 + 4285,3983+ 459,8294 + 1,8175 + 1800) kg
= 15888 kg
131
2. CO2 = CO2 hasil penguraian karbamate + CO2 hidrolisa urea + (CO2

Input gas)
= (5535,9959 + 592,9203 + ( 1438+3781))kg
= 11347,9162 kg
3. H2O = H2O yang menguap
= 7174 kg
Aliran Outlet Ke FA-205 (Bottom Product)
1. Urea = Urea Inlet – Urea yang Terhidrolisa – Urea yang terkonversi
dalam pembentukan biuret
= (115885 – 809,1828 – 12,8172 ) kg

= 115063 kg
2. NH3 = NH3 berlebih dari aliran outlet
= 726,8493 kg
3. H2O = H2O sisa hidrolisa + H2O yang menguap
= (55116 – 242,7206) + (13522 – 7174) kg
= 61222 kg
4. NH2 COONH4 = Sisa dari Penguraian Amm. Karbamat
= 1373,15079 kg
5. Biuret = Biuret Inlet + Biuret yang terbentuk
= (550 + 11) kg
= 561 kg
Tabel B.9 Neraca Massa Desain LPD

Inlet Outlet
Komponen CO2
DA-201 DA-501 FA-205 EA-402
Kompres0r
Urea 115885,00 - - 115063,0000 -
NH3 10068,45 1800 - 726,8491 15887,7956
CO2 - 1438 3781 - 11347,9250
H2O 55116,00 13522 - 61221,2794 7174,0000
Biuret 550,00 - - 561,0000 -
NH2 COONH4 11194,55 - 1373,1509 -
192814,00 16760 3781 178945,2794 34409,7206
Total
213355,000 213355,000
132
2. Neraca Massa Aktual Low Pressure Decomposer

 Neraca massa Aktual tanpa reaksi
Untuk menghitung neraca massa actual maka yang harus dilakukan adalah
menghitung flow actual dari masing-masing aliran dengan menggunakan ratio
produk design dan aktual serta menghitung % wt untuk aliran 14 secara actual per
komponen dengan menggunakan ratio % wt design dan % wt aktual, sehingga
didapatkan komposisi masing-masing komponen tersebut. Jadi di dapatkan neraca
massa tanpa reaksi sebagai berikut:
 15 April 2021
Tabel B.10 Neraca massa Tanpa Reaksi 15 April 2021
Urea 112875,103 - - 111798,2189 -
NH3 14831,4187 1779,6837 - 3396,9390 15707,1163
CO2 5833,4371 1421,7585 3738,2747 601,5412 11219,8548
H2O 56637,7184 13369,1697 - 60649,5164 7093,2071
Biuret 457,5244 - - 477,6945 -
Total 190635,2018 16570,612 3738,2747 176923,9102 34020,1783
210944,0885 210944,0885
 18 Agustus 2021
Tabel B.11 Neraca massa Tanpa Reaksi 18 Agustus 2021

Urea 123015,5248 1918,826 - 122751,7666 -
NH3 14490,5505 1532,917 4030,546 2289,0772 16935,1532
CO2 6680,0410 - - 1144,5386 12097,0620
H2O 575,5112 - - 63960,6329 7647,7787
Biuret 60778,0963 14414,42 - 610,4205 -
Total 205539,724 17866,16 4030,546 190756,436 36679,994
227436,43 227436,43
133
 29 September 2021
Tabel B.12 Neraca Massa Tanpa Reaksi 29 September 2021

Urea 123694,9628 - - 124874,5135 -
NH3 14680,3277 1971,9262 - 2274,0099 17403,8089
CO2 5597,5350 1575,3377 4142,0855 1489,8686 12431,8306
H2O 66684,5965 14813,3159 - 66750,0342 -
Biuret 570,3148 - - 646,9166 7859,4199
Total 211227,4025 211227,4025
 6 Oktober 2021
Tabel B.13 Neraca Massa Tanpa Reaksi 6 Oktober 2021
komponen input output
Urea 126811,8397 - - 126666,9261 -
NH3 15164,8211 1980,0264 - 2401,4553 17475,2988
CO2 7444,5485 1581,8088 4159,1 1240,0957 12482,8970
H2O 62037,9045 14874,1648 - 65882,5488 7891,7041
Biuret 636,2862 - - 649,5739 -
Jumlah 212095,4 18436 4159,1 196840,6 37849,9
Total 234690,5 234690,5
\
1. Neraca Massa Low Pressure Decomposer (LPD) 29 September

Basis : 1 jam Operasi
A. Menghitung % Ammonium karbamate yang terdekomposisi
Aliran 14 Inlet

M 872,4633 127,1878 - kmol
B 254,3756 127,1878 127,1878 kmol
S 607,4494 0,00 127,1878 Kmol
c. Mol NH3 bereaksi : 2 x mol CO2 input = 2 x 127,1878kmol

= 254,3756 kmol
134
Massa NH3 yang bereaksi = mol NH3 bereaksi x BM NH3

= 254,3756 kmol x 17,034 kg/kmol
= 4333,0339 kg
= 607,4494kmol x 17,034 kg/kmol
= 10347,2938 kg
d. Berat ammonium karbamat inlet = mol NH2COONH4 x BM NH2COONH4

= 127,1878 kmol x 78,078 kg/kmol
= 9930,5689 kg
 Aliran 18 Outlet
d. Mol NH3 mula-mula : = = 133,4982 kmol
e. Mol CO2 mula-mula : = = 33,8529 kmol

M 133,4983 33,8530 - kmol
B 67,7059 33,8530 33,8530 Kmol
S 65,7924 0,00 33,8530 Kmol
Mol NH3 bereaksi : 2 x mol CO2 inlet = 2 x 33,8530 kmol

= 67,7059 kmol
Berat NH3 yang bereaksi = mol NH3 bereaksi x BM NH3
= 67,7059 kmol x 17,034 kg/kmol
= 1153,3025 kg
= 65,7924 kmol x 17,034 kg/kmol
= 1120,7075
135
Berat Amm Karbamat Output = mol NH2COONH4 x BM NH2COONH4

= 33,8530 kmol x 78,078 kg/kmol
= 2643,1711 kg
Reaksi dekomposisi Ammonium Karbamat
a. Amm. Carbamate input : 9930,5689 kg

b. Amm. Carbamate output : 2643,1711 kg
c. Amm. Carbamate terdekomposisi : Carbamate input - Carbamate output
: 9930,5689 kg – 2643,1711 kg
: 7287,3978 kg
Mol karbamat terdekomposisi :
: = 93,3348 kmol
NH2COONH4 2NH3 + CO2

M 127,1878 - - kmol
B 93,3348 186,6696 93,3348 kmol
S 33,853 186,6696 93,3348 kmol
d. Massa NH3 = mol NH3 x BM NH3

= 186,6696 kmol x 17,034 kg/kmol
= 3179,7299 kg
e. Massa CO2 = mol CO2 x BM CO2
= 93,3348 kmol x 44,01 kg/kmol
= 4107,6645 kg
% Amm. Carbamate terdekomposisi = x 100%
= – x 100%
= x 100%
= 73,38 %
136
B. Menghitung % Biuret yang terbentuk

a. Biuret yang terbentuk : Biuret output – Biuret input
: 646,9166 kg – 570,3148 kg = 76,6018 kg
Mol biuret yang terbentuk :
: = 0,7430 kmol
b. Mol urea mula-mula :
: = 2129,7911 kmol
2NH2CONH2 → NH2CONHCONH2 + NH3

mula-mula 2129,7911 - - kmol
Bereaksi 1,486 0,7430 0,7430 kmol
Sisa 2128,3051 0,7430 0,7430 kmol
c. Berat NH3 yang terbentuk : mol NH3 x BM NH3

: 0,7430 kmol x 17,034 kg/kmol
: 12,6562 kg
d. Berat urea yang bereaksi : mol 2NH2CONH2 x BM NH2CONH2
: 1,486 kmol x 60,062 kg/kmol
: 89,2521 kg
% Urea yang menjadi biuret : x 100%
: x 100% = 0,0697 %
C. Mengitung %Urea Terhidrolisa

a. Berat urea terhidrolisa = Urea input – (Urea biuret + Urea output)
= 127919,5175 kg – (89,2521 + 124874,51) kg
= 2955,7555 kg
Mol urea terhidrolisa = = 49,2117 kmol
CH4N2O + H2O → CO2 + 2NH3

M 2129,7911 3466,9206 - - Kmol
B 49,2117 49,2117 49,2117 98,4234 Kmol
S 1959,1421 3412,7089 49,2117 98,4234 Kmol
137
b. Mol H2O yang dibutuhkan = 49,2117 kmol

Berat H2O yang dibutuhkan = mol H2O x BM H2O
= 49,2117 kmol x 18,016 kg/kmol
= 886,5978 kg
c. Mol NH3 yang terbentuk = 2 x mol urea = 2 x 49,2117 kmol

= 98,4234 kmol
Berat NH3 yang terbentuk : mol NH3 x BM NH3
: 98,4234 kmol x 17,034 kg/kmol
: 1676,5442 kg
d. Mol CO2 yang terbentuk : 49,2117 kmol

Berat CO2 yang terbentuk : mol CO2 x BM CO2
: 49,2117 kmol x 44,01 kg/kmol
: 2165,8009 kg
% Urea terhidrolisa : x 100%
: x 100% = 2,31 %
D. Menghitung % H2O yang menguap

% H2O yang menguap = x 100%
= x 100%
= 12,54%
E. Menghitung % NH3 yang Menguap
% NH3 menguap = × 100%
= x 100 %
= 89,16 %
138
Aliran Oulet ke EA-402 (Top Product)

a. NH3 = NH3 berlebih inlet − NH3 berlebih outlet +NH3 hasil penguraian
karbamate + NH3 hasil hidrolisa urea + NH3 hasil pembentukan
biuret + NH3 Aliran 33
= (9407,3246 – 2320,5623) + 1842,5046 + 3653,4728 + 8,0963 +
1588,9043) kg
= 14179,7403 kg
b. CO2 = CO2 hasil penguraian karbamate + CO2 hidrolisa urea + (CO2
Input gas)
= (3870,2316 + 1471,9450 + ( 2052,5912 + 4719, 6588))kg
= 12114,4266 kg
c. H2O = H2O yang menguap
= 8926,8855 kg
Aliran Outlet Ke FA-205 (Bottom Product)

a. Urea = Urea Inlet – Urea yang Terhidrolisa – Urea yang terkonversi
dalam pembentukan biuret
= (120471,2361 – 2801,2457 – 57,0949) kg
= 117612,8955 kg
b. NH3 = NH3 berlebih dari aliran outlet
= 2320,5623
c. H2O = H2O sisa hidrolisa – H2O yang menguap
= (54393,6315 - 840,2518) + (13841,0864 – 8926,8855) kg
= 58467,5806 kg
d. NH2 COONH4 = Sisa dari Penguraian Amm. Karbamat
= 4126,9923 kg
e. Biuret = Biuret Inlet + Biuret yang terbentuk
= (592,0932 + 48,9987) kg
= 641,0919 kg
139
Tabel B.14 Neraca Massa Aktual LPD 15 April 2021
Input Output
Komponen Aliran 14 Aliran 33 Aliran 3 Aliran 18 Aliran 19
(Kg) (kg) (Kg) (Kg) (Kg)
Urea 127919,5175 - - 124874,5135 -
NH3 10347,2938 1971,9262 - 1120,7075 17403,80897
CO2 - 1575,3377 4142,0855 - 12431,83062
H2O 62460,0418 14813,3159 - 66750,03429 7859,419906
Biuret 570,3148 - - 646,9166319 -
NH2COONH4 9930,5689 - - 2643,171122 -
Jumlah 211227,737 18360,58 4142,0855 196035,343 37695,0595
Total 233730,4025 233730,4025
Tabel B.15 Neraca Massa Aktual LPD 18 Agustus 2021

Urea 127919,5175 - - 124874,5135 -
NH3 10347,2938 1971,9262 - 1120,7075 17403,80897
CO2 - 1575,3377 4142,0855 - 12431,83062
H2O 62460,0418 14813,3159 - 66750,03429 7859,419906
Biuret 570,3148 - - 646,9166319 -
NH2COONH4 9930,5689 - - 2643,171122 -
Jumlah 211227,737 18360,58 4142,0855 196035,343 37695,0595
Total 233730,4025 233730,4025
Tabel B.16 Neraca Massa Aktual LPD 29 September 2021

Urea 127919,5175 - - 124874,5135 -
NH3 10347,2938 1971,9262 - 1120,7075 17403,80897
CO2 - 1575,3377 4142,0855 - 12431,83062
H2O 62460,0418 14813,3159 - 66750,03429 7859,419906
Biuret 570,3148 - - 646,9166319 -
NH2COONH4 9930,5689 - - 2643,171122 -
Jumlah 211227,737 18360,58 4142,0855 196035,343 37695,0595
Total 233730,4025 233730,4025
140
Tabel B.17 Neraca MassaAktual LPD 6 Oktober 2021

komponen INPUT OUTPUT
Urea 123581,6036 - - 122359,8963 -
NH3 9741,6910 1942,5859 - 1322,0470 17144,8568
H2O - 1551,8982 4080,455 - 12246,8567
Biuret 56637,7184 14592,9079 - 66587,2668 7742,4791
Karbamat 603,4461 - - 656,6029 -
Total 230252,7160 230252,7160
141
3. Neraca Panas Desain

Tabel B.18 Komposisi Aliran Input (14) LPD dari HPD (DA-201) T = 152⁰C
Komponen Kg/hr BM (kg/kmol) Kmol

Urea 115885 60,062 1929,4229
NH3 10068,4499 17,034 591,0796
CO2 0 44,01 0
H2O 55116 18,016 3059,2806
Biuret 550 103,09 5,3351
NH2COONH4 11194,5503 78,078 143,3765
TOTAL 192814 5728,4948
Tabel B.19 Komposisi Aliran Input (33) LPD dari Stripper (DA-501) T = 135⁰C
Urea 0 60,062 0
NH3 1800 17,034 105,6710
CO2 1438 44,01 32,6744
H2O 13522 18,016 750,5551
Biuret 0 103,09 0
NH2COONH4 0 78,078 0
TOTAL 16760 888,9005
Tabel B.20 Komposisi Aliran Input (3) LPD dari CO2 Kompresor T = 159⁰C
Urea - 60,062 -
NH3 - 17,034 -
CO2 3781 44,01 85,9123
H2O - 18,016 -
Biuret - 103,09 -
NH2COONH4 - 78,078 -
TOTAL 3781 85,9123
Tabel B.21 Komposisi Aliran Output (18) LPD ke Flash Separator (FA-205)
T = 129⁰C
Urea 115063 60,062 1915,7370
NH3 726,8493 17,034 42,6705
H2O 61222 18,016 3398,2015
Biuret 561 103,09 5,4418
NH2COONH4 1373,1507 78,078 17,5869
TOTAL 178946,0001 5379,6379
142
Tabel B.22 Komposisi Aliran Output (19) LPD ke LPA (EA-402) T = 114⁰C

Urea 0 60,062 -
NH3 15888 17,034 932,723
CO2 11347 44,01 257,8488

H2O 7174 18,016 398,202
Biuret - 103,09 -
TOTAL 34409 1588,75
a. Perhitungan Panas Sensibel Desain

Basis : 1 jam operasi
 Aliran 14 input dari HPD
T input (Aliran 14) =152⁰C + 273 = 425 K
Tref = 25⁰C + 273 = 298 K
Menghitung kapasitas panas (heat capacity):
Cp = A+BT+(CT2)+(DT3)
(Sumber: Chemical Properties Handbook, Carl L. Yaws, 1999)
Tabel B.23 Penentuan Kapasitas Panas (Heat Capacity)

dT
Komponen A B C D
(kJ/kmol)
Urea 965,507 -5,0993 0,01002 -6,3799x10-6 17058,2969
H2O(l) 92,053 -0,0399530 -2,11x10-4 5.3469x10-7 9625,0122
-2
NH3 (l) -182,157 3,3618 -1,439x10 2.037x10-5 15910,4757
(Sumber: Chemical Properties Handbook, Carl L. Yaws, 1999, p.78)
Menentukan Cp Biuret menggunakan persamaan Zabransky-Ruzicka :

Cp = ai + bi(T/100) + di(T/100)2
(Sumber: J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 33, No.4, 2004)
Tabel B.24 Penentuan Kapasitas Panas Biuret (NH2CONHCONH2)

Cp
Group ai bi di
(kkal/kmol K)
N-(H)2(C) 9,7697 -0,7870 0,0291 6,9506
CO-(Cd)O -13,702 6,8738 1,7664 47,4172
N-(H)(C)2 -8,4794 13,729 -2,8397 -1,4232
NH2CONHCONH2 52,9445
143
Cp Biuret = 52,9446 kkal/kmol K

= 221,6684 kJ/kmol K
Cp dT NH2CONHCONH2 = 221,6684 kJ/kmol K x (425-298) K
= 28151,8867 kJ/kmol
Cp Ammonium Carbamate = 4,284 kJ/kg K

(diperoleh grafik dari “Urea Blue Book”- Toyo Koatsu Urea Handbook and TVA
Report on Urea Manufacture, Chemical Process Engineering Division, 1966.)
dT = 4,284 kJ/kg K dT
= 4,284 kJ/kg K x (425-298) K
= 544,068 kJ/kg x BM
= 544,068 kJ/kg x 78,078 kg/kmol
= 42479,7413 kJ/kmol
Tabel B.25 Panas Sensibel Aliran 14

cp dT
Komponen Kmol Q ( kJ)
(kJ/kmol)
Urea 1929,4229 17058,29692 32912669,2135
NH3 591,0796 15910,4757 9404357,6205
H2O 3059,2806 9625,0122 29445613,4951
Biuret 5,3351 28151,8867 150194,3708
NH2COONH4 143,3765 42479,7413 6090596,4288
TOTAL 5728,4947 78003431,1287
 Aliran 33 dari Kondensat Stripper (DA-101)

T Input (Aliran 33) =135⁰C + 273 = 408 K
Tref = 25⁰C + 273 = 298 K
Cp = A+BT+(CT2)+(DT3)+(ET4)

dT
Komponen A B C D E
(kJ/kmol)
NH3 (g) 33,573 -1,2581x10-2 8,8906x10-5 -7,183x10-8 1,859x10-11 4110,5057
CO2 (g) 27,437 4,2315x10-2 -1,955x10-5 3,996x10-9 -2,987x10-13 4410,2254
H2O(g) 33,933 -8,4186x10-3 2,9906x10-5 -1,782x10-8 3,6934x10-12 3737,2482

144

(kJ/kmol)
NH3 105,6710 4110,5057 434361,2969
CO2 32,6744 4410,2254 144101,4372
H2O 750,5551 3737,248283 2805010,617
TOTAL 888,9005 3383473,3515
 Aliran 3 dari CO2 Kompresor

T input (Aliran 3) =159⁰C + 273 = 432 K
Tref = 25⁰C + 273 = 298 K
Cp = A+BT+(CT2)+(DT3)+(DT4)

CpdT
Komponen A B C D E
(kj/kmol)
CO2 (g) 27,437 4,2315x10-2 -1,95x105 3,996x10-9 -2,9872E-13 5419,3272

(kJ/kmol)
CO2 85,9123 5419,3272 465586,8263
TOTAL 85,9123 465586,8263
Q Input Sensibel total = Q input aliran 14 + Q input aliran 33 + Q input aliran 3

= (78003431,1287+ 3383473,3515+ 465586,8263) kJ
= 81852491,3065 kJ
 Aliran 18 output menuju Flash Separator (FA-205)

T input (Aliran 18) =129⁰C + 273 = 402 K
Tref = 25⁰C + 273 = 298 K
145

dT
Komponen A B C D
(kJ/kmol)
Urea 965,507 -5,0993 1,002x10-2 -6,379x10-6 14316,3498
H2O(l) 92,05 -3,995x10-2 -2,11x10-4 5.3469x10-7 7847,4168
NH3 (l) -182,157 3,3618 -1,439x10-2 2.037x10-5 11582,4520


Cp = ai + bi(T/100) + di(T/100)2

Cp
Group ai bi di
(kkal/kmol K)
N-(H)2(C) 9,7697 -0,7870 0,0291 7,0763
CO-(Cd)O -13,702 6,8738 1,7664 42,4764
N-(H)(C)2 -8,4794 13,729 -2,8397 0,8205

= 210,9022 kJ/kmol K
= 21933,8293 kJ/kmol

= 3,36 kJ/kg K x (402-298) K
= 349,440 kJ/kg x BM
= 349,440 kJ/kg x 78,078 kg/kmol
= 27283,5763 kJ/kmol
146

(kJ/kmol)
Urea 1915,7371 14316,34985 27426362,1477
NH3 42,6705 11582,45206 494229,0226
H2O 339,2016 7847,416823 26667104,3934
Biuret 5,4418 21933,8293 119360,5416
NH2COONH4 17,5869 27283,5763 479833,8501
TOTAL 5379,5979 55186889,9171
 Aliran 19 Menuju ke LPA (EA-402)

T input (Aliran 19) =114⁰C + 273 = 387 K
Tref = 25⁰C + 273 = 298 K

dT
Komponen A B C D E
(kJ/kmol)
NH3 (g) 33,573 -1,26x10-2 8,89x10-5 -7,17x10-8 1,856x10-11 3332,1963
CO2 (g) 27,437 4,23x10-2 -1,95x10-5 3,996x10-9 -2,987x10-13 3574,7372
H2O(g) 33,933 -8,41x10-3 2,99x10-5 -1,782x10-8 3,6934x10-12 3045,6538

Komponen Kmol (kJ/kmol) Q ( kJ)
NH3 932,7228 3332,1963 3108015,4620
CO2 257,8278 3574,7372 921666,5211
H2O 398,2016 3045,6538 1212784,2226
TOTAL 1588,7522 5242466,2057
Q output total = Q output aliran 18 +Q input aliran 19

= (55186889,9171 + 5242466,2057) kJ
= 60429356,1228 kJ
147
b. Perhitungan Panas Penguapan secara Desain

Hv = A (1-T/Tc)n
A = 31,523°C
T = 114,83°C = 387,83 K
Tc = 405,6°C
n = 0,364
Hv NH3 = 31,523 )0,364
Hv NH3 = 10,1062 kj/mol = 10106,2678 kj/kmol
kmol NH3 mengalami penguapan = kmol NH3 output – kmol NH3 input
= 932,723 + 105,671
= 827,0518 kmol
Q penguapan = n x ΔHv
= 827,0518 kmol x 10106,2678 kJ/kmol
= 8258279,7070 kJ
c. Perhitungan Panas Reaksi secara Desain

ΔHf NH3 gas = -45,9 kJ/mol
ΔHf NH3 liquid = -67,2 kJ/mol
ΔHf CO2 gas = -393,5 kJ/mol
ΔHf H2O gas = -241,8 kJ/mol
ΔHf H2O liquid = -285,85 kJ/mol
ΔHf Urea liquid = -333,6 kJ/mol
ΔHf Ammonium Carbamate = -645,05 kJ/mol
ΔHf Biuret = -188,72 kJ/mol
T reaksi = 138˚C + 273 = 411 K

Tref = 25˚C + 273 = 298 K
148

dT
Komponen A B C D E
(kJ/kmol)
-2 -6
Urea 965,507 -5,993 1,0x10 -6,379x10 15394,9091
H2O(l) 92,053 -3,995x10-2 -2,11x10-4 5.3469x10-7 8539,4658
NH3 (g) 33,573 -1,258x10-2 8,89x10-5 -7,178x10-8 1,856x10-11 4227,2737
CO2 (g) 27,437 4,2315x10-2 -1,96x10-5 3,996x10-9 -2,99x10-13 4535,4811

Cp = ai + bi(T/100) + di(T/100)2

Cp
Group ai bi di
(kkal/kmol K)
N-(H)2(C) 9,7697 -0,7870 0,0291 7,0267
CO-(Cd)O -13,702 6,9738 1,7664 44,3875
N-(H)(C)2 -8,4794 13,729 -2,8397 -0,0217

= 215,1701 kJ/kmol K
= 24314,2268 kJ/kmol

= 4,284 kJ/kg K x (411-298) K
= 484,092 kJ/kg x BM
= 484,092 kJ/kg x 78,078 kg/kmol

= 37796,9352 kJ/kmol
149
Reaksi 1
NH2COONH4(l) → 2NH3(g) + CO2(g)

143,3765 - - kmol
125,7896 251,5792 125,7896 kmol
17,5869 251,5792 125,7896 kmol
ΔH˚f = Σ(ΔHf produk) - Σ(ΔHf reaktan)
= [(2 x ΔHf NH3) + (ΔHf CO2)] - [ΔHf Carbamate]
= [(2 x (-45,9)) + (-393,5)] - [-645,05] kJ/mol

=159,75 kJ/mol = 159750 kJ/kmol
ΔH298 = ΔH˚f x mol carbamate yang bereaksi
= 159750 kJ/kmol x 125,7896 kmol
= 20094888,6000 kJ
ΔH produk = ΔH NH3 + ΔH CO2
= (n NH3 hasil reaksi x cp dT) + (n CO2 hasil reaksi x cp dT)
= (251,5792 kmol x 4227,2737 kJ/kmol) + (125,7896 kmol

x 4535,4811 kJ/kmol)
= 1634010,4783kJ
ΔH reaktan = ΔH Amm. Carbamate
= (n Carbamatebereaksi x cp dT)
= 125,7896 kmol x 37796,9352 kJ/kmol
= 4754461,3600 kJ
ΔH Reaksi 1 = ΔH produk – ΔH reaktan + ΔH298
= 1634010,4783 kJ - 4754461,3570 kJ + 20094888,6000 kJ
= 16974437,7213 kJ
Reaksi 2
2NH2CONH2(l) → NH2CONHCONH2(l) + NH3(g)

1929,4229 - - Kmol
0,2134 0,1067 0.1067 Kmol
1929.2095 0,1067 0.1067 kmol
150
= [(ΔHf NH2CONHCONH2) + (ΔHf NH3)] - [2 x ΔHf NH2CONH2]
= [(-188,72) + (-45,9)] - [2(-333,6)] kJ/mol
= 432,58 kJ/mol
= 432580 kJ/kmol
ΔH298 = ΔH˚f x mol urea yang bereaksi

= 432580 kJ/kmol x 0,2134 kmol
= 92312,5720 kJ
ΔH produk = ΔH NH3 + ΔH NH2CONHCONH2
= (n NH3 hasil reaksi x cp dT) + (n NH2CONHCONH2 hasil reaksi x

cp dT)
= (0.1067 kmol x 4227,2737 kJ/kmol) + (0.1067 kmol x 24314,2268

kJ/kmol)
= 3045,3781 kJ
ΔH reaktan = ΔH NH2CONH2
= (n NH2CONH2 bereaksi x cp dT)
= 0,2134 kmol x 15394,9091kJ/kmol
= 3285,2736 kJ
= 3045,3781 kJ - 3285,2736 kJ + 92312,5720 kJ
= 92072,6765 kJ
Reaksi 3
NH2CONH2 + H2O(l) → 2NH3 + CO2
1929,4229 3059,2806 - - Kmol
13,4725 13,4725 26,9450 13,4725 Kmol
1915,9504 3045,8081 26,9450 13,4725 kmol
[(2 x ΔHf NH3) + (ΔHf CO2)] - [(ΔHf NH2CONH2) + (ΔHf H2O)]
= [ (2 x (-45,9)) + (-393,5)] - [(-333,6) + (-285,85] kJ/mol
= 134,15 kJ/mol = 134150 kJ/kmol

151
= 134150 kJ/kmol x 13,4725 kmol

= 1807335,8750 kJ
= (26,9450 x 4227,2737 kJ/kmol) + (13,4725 kmol x 4535,4811

kJ/kmol)
= 175008,1578 kJ
ΔH reaktan = ΔH NH2CONH2 + ΔH H2O
= (n NH2CONH2 bereaksi x cp dT) + (n H2O bereaksi x cp dT)
= (13,4725 kmol x 15394,9091kJ/kmol) + (13,4725 kmol x

8539,4658 kJ/kmol)
= 322455,8647 kJ
= 175008,1578 kJ - 322455,8647 kJ + 1807335,8750 kJ
= 1659888,1681 kJ
ΔH Reaksi Total = ΔH Reaksi 1 + ΔH Reaksi 2 + ΔH Reaksi 3
= 16974437,7213 kJ + 92552,4675 kJ + 1774936,1205 kJ

= 18726878,3569 kJ
d. Perhitungan Panas Steam Desain

Panas Steam Desain = 1,75 MM
= 1750000 kkal
= 7322000 kJ
152
Tabel B.37 Neraca Panas Desain Low Pressure Decomposer DA-202
Input (kJ) Output (kJ)

Q masuk 81852491,3065 Q keluar 60561310,4215
Q steam 7322000,0000 Q penguapan 8358406,8317
Q reaksi 18726878,3569
Q loss 1527895,6965
Total 89174491,3065 Total 89174491,3065
Efisiensi Panas = × 100%
= x 100 %
= 98,28 %
4. Neraca Panas Aktual

 Neraca Panas Aktual 29 September 2021
Tabel B.38 Komposisi Aliran Input (14) LPD dari HPD (DA-201) T = 152,81⁰C

Urea 127919,5175 60,062 2129,7911
NH3 10347,2938 17,034 607,4494
CO2 0,000 44,01 0,000
H2O 62460,0418 18,016 3466,9206
Biuret 570,3148 103,09 5,5322
NH2COONH4 9930,5689 78,078 127,1877
TOTAL 211227,737 6336,8812
Tabel B.39 Komposisi Aliran Input (33) LPD dari Stripper (DA-501) T = 132,65 ⁰C
Urea 0,0000 60,062 0,0000
NH3 1971,9262 17,034 115,7641
CO2 1575,3377 44,01 35,7949
H2 O 14813,3159 18,016 822,2311248
Biuret 0,0000 103,09 0,0000
NH2COONH4 0,0000 78,078 0,0000
TOTAL 18360,58 973,7902565
153
Tabel B.40 Komposisi Aliran Input (3) LPD dari CO2 Kompresor T = 161⁰C
Urea 0,0000 60,062 0,0000
NH3 0,0000 17,034 0,0000
CO2 4142,0855 44,01 94,1169
H2 O 0,0000 18,016 0,0000
Biuret 0,0000 103,09 0,0000
NH2COONH4 0,0000 78,078 0,0000
TOTAL 4142,0855 94,1169
Tabel B.41 Komposisi Aliran Output (18) LPD ke Flash Separator (FA-205) T = 129,69 ⁰C
Urea 124874,5135 60,062 2079,0934
NH3 1120,7075 17,034 65,7923
CO2 0,0000 44,01 0,0000
H2 O 66750,0342 18,016 3705,041868
Biuret 646,9166 103,09 6,2752
NH2COONH4 2643,1711 78,078 33,8529563
TOTAL 196035,343 5856,203007
Tabel B.42 Komposisi Aliran Output (19) LPD ke LPA (EA-402) T = 116,75⁰C

Urea 0,0000 60,062 0,0000
NH3 17403,8089 17,034 1021,7100
CO2 12431,8306 44,01 282,4774
H2 O 7859,4199 18,016 436,2466
Biuret 0,0000 103,09 0,0000
NH2COONH4 0,0000 78,078 0,0000
TOTAL 37695,0595 1740,4341
a. Perhitungan Panas Sensibel Aktual 29 september 2021

Basis : 1 jam operasi
 Aliran 14 input dari HPD
T input (Aliran 14) =152,81⁰C + 273 = 425,81 K
Tref = 25⁰C + 273 = 298 K
154

dT
Komponen A B C D
(kJ/kmol)
-2 -6
Urea 965,507 -5,0993 1,0x10 -6,379x10 17154,1964
H2O(l) 92,053 -0,0399x10-2 -2,11x10-4 5.346x10-7 9688,2166
NH3 (l) -182,16 3,3618 -1,439x10-2 2.037x10-5 16082,2044


Cp
Group Ai bi di
(kkal/kmol K)
N-(H)2(C) 9,7697 -0,7870 0,0291 6,9461
CO-(Cd)O -13,702 6,8738 1,7664 47,5946
N-(H)(C)2 -8,4794 13,729 -2,8397 -1,5077

= 222,0391 kJ/kmol K
Cp dT NH2CONHCONH2 = 222,9043 kJ/kmol K x (425,81-298) K
= 28378,8205 kJ/kmol

dT = 4.284 kJ/kg K dT
= 4.284 kJ/kg K x (425,81-298) K
= 547,5380 kJ/kg x BM
= 547,5380 kJ/kg x 78,078 kg/kmol
= 42750,6751kJ/kmol
155

(kJ/kmol)
Urea 2129,7912 17154,1964 36534856,1299
NH3 607,4494 16082,2044 9769126,0795
H2O 3466,9206 9688,2166 33588277,8545
Biuret 5,5322 28151,8867 155741,9746
NH2COONH4 127,1878 42750,6751 5437364,2667
TOTAL 6336,8812 85485366,3052
 Aliran 33 dari Kondensat Stripper (DA-101)

T input (Aliran 33) =132,65⁰C + 273 = 405,65 K
Tref = 25⁰C + 273 = 298 K

dT
Kompone A B C D E
(kJ/kmol)
n
NH3 (g) 33,573 -1,25x10-2 8,89x10-5 -7,178x10-8 1,856x10-11 4019,2208
CO2 (g) 27,437 4,23x10-2 -1,95x10-5 3,996x10-9 -2,98x10-13 4312,2863
H2O(g) 33,93 -8,41x10-3 2,99x10-5 -1,782x10-8 3,69x10-12 3656,5052

(kJ/kmol)
NH3 115,7641 4019,2208 465281,6345
CO2 35,7950 4312,2863 154358,2705
H2O 822,2311 3656,5052 3006492,453
TOTAL 973,7902 3626132,3579
565
 Aliran 3 dari CO2 Kompresor

T input (Aliran 3) = 161⁰C + 273 = 434 K
Tref = 25⁰C + 273 = 298 K

156
Tabel B.48 penentuan kapasitas panas

komponen A B C D E CpdT
CO2 27,437 0,0423 -1,95x10-5 3,996x10-9 -2,98x10-13 5504,1412

(kJ/kmol)
CO2 94,1169 5504,1412 518032,8029
TOTAL 94,1169 518032,8029
Q Input Sensibel total = Q input aliran 14 +Q input aliran 33 + Q input aliran 3

= (85485366,3052 + 3626132,3579+ 518032,8029) kJ
= 89629531,4660kJ
 Aliran 18 output menuju Flash Separator (FA-205)

T input (Aliran 18) =129,69⁰C + 273 = 402,69 K
Tref = 25⁰C + 273 = 298 K

dT
Komponen A B C D
(kJ/kmol)
Urea 965,507 -5,0993 1,0x10-2 -6,379x10-6 14399,3878
H2O(l) 92,05 -3,9x10-2 -2,11x10-4 5.346x10-7 7900,2976
NH3 (l) -182,157 3,3618 -1,439x10-2 2.037x10-5 11698,17555

157

Cp = ai + bi(T/100) + di(T/100)2

Cp
Group Ai Bi di
(kkal/kmol K)
N-(H)2(C) 9,7697 -0,7870 0,0291 7,0724
CO-(Cd)O -13,702 6,9738 1,7664 41,6219
N-(H)(C)2 -8,4794 13,729 -2,8397 0,7575

= 211,2319 kJ/kmol K
Cp dT NH2CONHCONH2 = 211,2319 kJ/kmol K x (402,69-298) K
= 22113,8698 kJ/kmol
Cp Ammonium Carbamate = 4,284 kJ/kmol K

= 4,284 kJ/kg K x (402,69-298) K
= 448,4919 kJ/kg x BM
= 448,4919 kJ/kg x 78,078 kg/kmol
= 35017,3553 kJ/kmol

(kJ/kmol)
Urea 2079,0935 14399,3878 29937673,5166
NH3 65,7924 11698,1755 769650,8542
H2O 3705,0419 7900,2976 29270933,4024
Biuret 6,2753 21933,8293 137640,4984
NH2COONH4 33,8530 35017,3553 1185440,997
TOTAL 5856,2030 61301339,2688
158
 Aliran 19 Menuju ke LPA (EA-402)

T input (Aliran 19) =116,75⁰C + 273 = 389,75K
Tref = 25⁰C + 273 = 298 K

dT
Komponen A B C D E
(kJ/kmol)
NH3 (g) 33,573 -1,25x10-2 8,89x10-5 -7,178x10-8 1,856x10-11 3405,7825
CO2 (g) 27,437 4,23x10-2 -1,95x10-5 3,996x10-9 -2,987x10-13 3653,7660
H2O(g) 33,93 -8,42x10-3 2,99x10-5 -1,785x10-8 3,693x10-12 3111,3510

Komponen Kmol (kJ/kmol) Q ( kJ)
NH3 1021,7100 3405,7825 3595320,1697
CO2 282,4774 3653,7660 1067494,929
H2 O 436,2467 3111,3510 1357316,5114
TOTAL 1740,4341 5869145,1140
Q output total = Q output aliran 18 + Q input aliran 19

= (61301339,2688 + 5869145,1140) kJ
= 67170484,3828 kJ
160
a. Perhitungan Panas Penguapan secara Aktual 29 September 2021

ΔHv = A(1-T/Tc)^n
A = 31,532°C
T = 389,75 K
Tc = 405,65°C
N = 0,364
0,364
∆Hv NH3 = 31,532
∆Hv NH3 = 9,6982 kj/mol = 9698,2401 kj/kmol
kmol NH3 mengalami penguapan = kmol NH3 output gas – kmol NH3 input gas
= (1087,5024 – 723,2136) kmol
= 364,2888 kmol
Q penguapan = n x ΔHv
= 364,2888 kmol x 9698,2401 kJ/kmol
= 8786080,9911 kJ
161
b. Perhitungan Panas Reaksi secara Aktual 29 September 2021

ΔHf NH3 gas = -45,9 kJ/mol
ΔHf NH3 liquid = -67,2 kJ/mol
ΔHf CO2 gas = -393,5 kJ/mol
ΔHf H2O gas = -241,8 kJ/mol
ΔHf H2O liquid = -285,85 kJ/mol
ΔHf Urea liquid = -333,6 kJ/mol
ΔHf Ammonium Carbamate = -645,05 kJ/mol
ΔHf biuret = -188,72 kJ/mol
T reaksi = 138˚C + 273 = 411 K

Tref = 25˚C + 273 = 298 K

dT
Komponen A B C D E
(kJ/kmol)
Urea 965,507 -5,0993 1,0x10-2 -6,379x10-6 15394,9091
H2O(l) 92,053 -4,0x10-2 -2,11x10-4 5.346x10-7 8539,4658
NH3 (g) 33,573 -1,25x10-2 8,89x10-5 -7,17x10-8 1,85x10-11 4227,2737
CO2 (g) 27,437 4,23x10-2 -1,95x10-5 3,99x10-9 -2,98x10-13 4535,4811

Cp = ai + bi(T/100) + di(T/100)2

Cp
Group ai bi di
(kkal/kmol K)
N-(H)2(C) 9,7697 -0,7870 0,0291 7,0266
CO-(Cd)O -13,702 6,9738 1,7664 44,3875
N-(H)(C)2 -8,4794 13,729 -2,8397 -0,0217

= 215,1722 kJ/kmol K
162

= 24314,2268 kJ/kmol
= 4,284 kJ/kg K x (411-298) K
= 484,092 kJ/kg x BM
= 484,092 kJ/kg x 78,078 kg/kmol
= 37796,9352 kJ/kmol
Reaksi 1
NH2COONH4(l) → 2NH3(g) + CO2(g)

127,1878 - - Kmol
93,3348 186,6696 93,3348 Kmol
33,853 186,6696 93,3348 kmol
= [(2 x ΔHf NH3) + (ΔHf CO2)] - [ΔHf Carbamate]
= [(2 x (-45,9) + (-393,5)] - [-645,05] kJ/kmol
=159,75 kJ/kmol = 159750 kJ/kmol
ΔH298 = ΔH˚f x mol carbamate yang bereaksi
= 159750 kJ/kmol x 93,3348 kmol
= 14910234,3kJ
= (186,6696 kmol x 4227,2737 kJ/kmol) + (93,3348 kmol x

4535,4811kJ/kmol)
= 1212421,7041 kJ
ΔH reaktan = ΔH Amm. Carbamate

163
= (n Carbamatebereaksi x cp dT)
= 93,3348 kmol x 37796,9352 kJ/kmol
= 3527769,3853 kJ
= 1212421,7041 kJ - 3527769,3853 kJ + 14910234,3 kJ
= 12594886,6188 kJ
Reaksi 2
2NH2CONH2(l) → NH2CONHCONH2(l) + NH3(g)

2129,7911 - - Kmol
1,486 0,743 0,743 Kmol
2128,3051 0,743 0,743 kmol
= [(ΔHf NH2CONHCONH2) + (ΔHf NH3)] - [2 x ΔHf NH2CONH2]
= [(-188,72) + (-45,9)] - [2 x (-333,6)] kJ/mol
= 432,58 kJ/mol = 432580 kJ/kmol
= 432580 kJ/kmol x 1,486 kmol
= 642813,88 kJ
ΔH produk = ΔH NH3 + ΔH NH2CONHCONH2
= (n NH3 hasil reaksi x cp dT) + (n NH2CONHCONH2 hasil reaksi x

cp dT)
= (0,743 kmol x 4227,2737 kJ/kmol) + (0,743 kmol x
24314,2268 kJ/kmol)
= 21206,3349 kJ
ΔH reaktan = ΔH NH2CONH2
= (n NH2CONH2 bereaksi x cp dT)
= 1,486 kmol x 15394,9091 kJ/kmol
= 22876,8349 kJ
164
= 21206,3349 kJ - 22876,8349 kJ + 642813,88 kJ
= 644484,3800 kJ
Reaksi 3
NH2CONH2 + H2O → 2NH3 + CO2

2129,7911 3446,9206 - -
49,2117 49,2117 98,4234 49,2117
1959,1421 3397,7089 98,4234 49,2117
[(2xΔHf NH3) + (ΔHf CO2)] - [(ΔHf NH2CONH2) + (ΔHf H2O)]
= [ (2 x (-45,9)) + (-393,5)] - [(-333,6) + (-285,85] kJ/mol
= 134,15 kJ/mol = 134150 kJ/kmol
= 134150 kJ/kmol x 49,2117 kmol
= 6601749,555 kJ
= (98,4234 kmol x 4227,2737 kJ/kmol) + (49,2117 kmol x 4535,4811

kJ/kmol)
= 639261,3813 kJ
ΔH reaktan = ΔH NH2CONH2 + ΔH H2O
= (n NH2CONH2 bereaksi x cp dT) + (n H2O hasil reaksi x cp dT)
= (49,2117 kmol x 15394,9091 kJ/kmol) + (49,2117 kmol

x 8539,4658 kJ/kmol)
= 1177851,273 kJ
= 639261,3813 kJ - 1177851,273 kJ + 6601749,555 kJ

= 6063159,6632 kJ
165
ΔH Reaksi Total = ΔH Reaksi 1 + ΔH Reaksi 2 + ΔH Reaksi 3
= 12645207,5375 kJ + 641517,6313 kJ + 6175070,0477 kJ
= 19302530,6620 kJ
c. Perhitungan Panas Steam Perhitungan

Panas Steam 29 September 2021
CV = 61 (diperoleh dari grafik di Urea Plant Pusri II-B by KOSO, 2015)
Pout = 3,07 kg/cm2
Pin = 4,5 kg/cm2
∆P = 1,43 kg/cm2
Pm =
= 6,9075
Ꝩ =19,4 (water vapor)
= 2132,65 kJ/kg (diperoleh dari Appendix C, NBC/NSP Steam Tables, 1984)
Massa steam (m) = CV x ( Ꝩ x √∆P x Pm ) ………………..(S. Bharadwaj , 2016)

= 61 x (19,4 x √1,43 x 6,9075)
= 3719,2898 kg
Panas Steam Aktual = m x
= 3719,2898 kg x 2132,65 kJ/kg
= 7931943,6 kJ
166
Tabel B.57 Neraca Panas Aktual LPD 15 April 2021

Q masuk 81734184,2853 Q keluar 58180267,0069
Q steam 6849681,3309 Q penguapan 8199191,8841
Q reaksi 16493763,4933
Q loss 5710643,2319
total 88583865,6162 Total 88583865,6162
= x 100 %
= 93,55 %`
Tabel B.58 Neraca Panas Aktual Low Pressure Decomposer 18 Agustus 2021

Q masuk 87180812,0015 Q keluar 65553762,9983
Q steam 6236258,7176 Q Penguapan 8979226,9689
Q reaksi 13349021,8244
Q loss 5535058,9275
total 93417070,7191 total 93417070,7191
= x 100%
= 94,07 %
167
Tabel B.59 Neraca Panas Aktual Low Pressure Decomposer 29 September 2021

Q masuk 89629531,4660 Q keluar 67170484,3828
Q steam 7931943,6000 Q Penguapan 8786080,9911
Q reaksi 19302530,6620
Q Loss 2302379,0300
total 97561475,0660 total 97561475,0660
= x 100%
= 97,64 %
Tabel B.60 Neraca Panas Aktual Low Pressure Decomposer 6 Oktober 2021
Input (kJ) output (kJ)

Q masuk 89801813,4545 Q keluar 67449580,3740
Q Steam 8713182,8872 Q penguapan 9438585,1662
Q reaksi 19417860,1100
Q loss 2208970,6916
Total 98514996,3418 Total 98514996,3418
= x 100%
= 97,75 %

Lampiran B Dai (Perhitungan)

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123

Flow Chart LPD DA-202

Gambar B.1 Low Pressure Decomposer (LPD) Secara Desain

Tabel B.2 Input dari Condensate Stripper (Aliran 33)

Tabel B.3 Input CO2 Kompresor (Aliran 3)

Tabel B.4 Output ke Flash Separator (Aliran 18)

Tabel B.5 Output ke LPA (Aliran 19)

Tabel B.6 Berat atom yang berkaitan

Tabel B.7 Berat molekul yang berkaitan

Komponen Input Output

1. Neraca Massa Desain Low Pressure Decomposer (LPD)

a. Mol NH3 mula-mula : = = 877,8326 kmol

b. Mol CO2 mula-mula : = = 143,3765 kmol

2NH3 (l) + CO2 (g) ↔ NH2COONH4 (l)

c. Mol NH3 bereaksi : 2 x mol CO2 input = 2 x 143,377 kmol

d. Berat ammonium karbamat inlet = mol NH2COONH4 x BM NH2COONH4

a. Mol NH3 mula-mula : = = 77,8443 kmol

b. Mol CO2 mula-mula : = = 17,5869 kmol

2NH3 (l) + CO2 (g) ↔ NH2COONH4 (l)

Mol NH3 bereaksi : 2 x mol CO2 inlet = 2 x 17,5869 kmol

c. Berat Amm. Karbamat Output = mol NH2COONH4x BMNH2COONH4

a. Amm. Carbamate input : 11194,55037 kg

Mol karbamat terdekomposisi :

NH2COONH4 2NH3 + CO2

d. Massa NH3 = mol NH3 x BM NH3

% Amm. Carbamate terdekomposisi = x 100%

B. Menghitung % Biuret yang terbentuk

Mol biuret yang terbentuk :

b. Mol urea mula-mula :

2NH2CONH2 → NH2CONHCONH2 + NH3

c. Berat NH3 yang terbentuk : mol NH3 x BM NH3

% urea yang menjadi biuret : x 100%

C. Mengitung %Urea Terhidrolisa

Mol urea terhidrolisa = = 13,4724 kmol

CH4N2O + H2O → CO2 + 2NH3

b. Mol H2O yang dibutuhkan = 13,4724 kmol

c. Mol NH3 yang terbentuk = 2 x mol urea = 2 x 13,4724 kmol

Berat NH3 yang terbentuk : mol NH3 x BM NH3

d. Mol CO2 yang terbentuk : 13,4724 kmol

% urea terhidolisa : x 100%

D. Menghitung % H2O yang menguap

E. Menghitung % NH3 yang Menguap

% NH3 menguap = × 100%

Aliran Oulet ke EA-402 (Top Product)

2. CO2 = CO2 hasil penguraian karbamate + CO2 hidrolisa urea + (CO2

= (115885 – 809,1828 – 12,8172 ) kg

Tabel B.9 Neraca Massa Desain LPD

2. Neraca Massa Aktual Low Pressure Decomposer

Tabel B.11 Neraca massa Tanpa Reaksi 18 Agustus 2021

Komponen Input Output

1. Neraca Massa Low Pressure Decomposer (LPD) 29 September

a. Mol NH3 mula-mula : = = 861,8250 kmol

b. Mol CO2 mula-mula : = = 127,1878 kmol

2NH3 (l) + CO2 (g) ↔ NH2COONH4 (l)

c. Mol NH3 bereaksi : 2 x mol CO2 input = 2 x 127,1878kmol

Massa NH3 yang bereaksi = mol NH3 bereaksi x BM NH3

d. Berat ammonium karbamat inlet = mol NH2COONH4 x BM NH2COONH4

d. Mol NH3 mula-mula : = = 133,4982 kmol

e. Mol CO2 mula-mula : = = 33,8529 kmol

2NH3 (l) + CO2 (g) ↔ NH2COONH4 (l)

Mol NH3 bereaksi : 2 x mol CO2 inlet = 2 x 33,8530 kmol

Berat Amm Karbamat Output = mol NH2COONH4 x BM NH2COONH4