hapter 1: Whole Numbers 0 ¥@GO@qQ, 2 Subtraction of Whole hoa a Numbers At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to: * Visualize the concept of subtraction; 3 ¢ Relate subtraction with addition; : ¢ Subtract one to three-digit numbers; and 3 . Solve word problems involving subtraction; 2 Did You Know? The saltwater crocodile _(Crocodylus porosus), is the largest of -all-living’ reptiles. It is found in suitable habitats from Northern Australia through - Southeast Asia to the eastern coast of India. An adult male saltwater crocodile’s weight is 409 to 1 000 kilograms and } s length is normally 4.1 to 5.5 meters. E @ J . 82, Let's Discuss Subtraction is another operation we need to learn as it is very useful in daily life. Subtraction is the process of taking away one number from another. For instance, if an older saltwater crocodile has a length of 6 meters while the younger has a length of 4 meters, then what is the difference in their lengths? To find the difference, we subtract 4 from 6. Let us represent this situation using an illustration. Chapter 1: Whole Numbers, Lesson 3: Subtraction of Whole Numbers 11 Scanned with CamScannerdifference a Ea shea younger The illustration shows that the differen ce between 6 and 4 is 2. It means that 6 - 4 = 2. Another way to show this is by using the inverse operation of subtraction which is addition. That is 4 + __ = 6. So what should be added to 4 to get a sum of 6? This shows that subtraction is like finding the missing addend. In 6 - 4 = 2, 6 is called minuend. It is the number being subtracted from, The number 4 is called the subtrahend or the number used to subtract. Then, 2 is called difference or remainder, which is the answer in subtraction. Subtraction is the inverse operation of addition. It means that 6 ~ 4 = 2 may be translated into an addition sentence which is: Subtraction Sentence Addition Sentence 6-4=2 2+4=6 or 4+2=6 Subtraction of Two- to Three-Digit Numbers Let us learn how to subtract two-digit numbers by solving the following word problems. Problem 1: James has P79. He bought a piece of sandwich at P25. How much money does he have left? . To solve the problem, we subtract 25 from 79. To subtract two-digit numbers, we may use the following steps: Step 1: Arrange the numbers so that digits of the same place value fall on the same column. Tens Ones Place Place _7 9 2 5 4 Scanned with CamScannerSince the ones digit of the minuend is 9, which is greater than that of the { 4 Step 2: Subtract the ones digits. ia subtrahi ich i end, which is 5, then we can Proceed to subtraction right away. Tens Ones Place Place _7 9 2 5 4 Step 3: Subtract the tens digits. Tens Ones Place Place _7 9 2 5 5 4 Therefore, 79 - 25 = 54 or James had P54 left. Problem 2: Enya has a collection of 342 keychains. Of these, 157 are foreign and the est are Philippine made. How many of her keychains are Philippine made? To find the answer, subtract 157 from 342. Arrange the numbers in column. Step 1: Hundreds Tens Ones Place Place Place 3 4 2 Se ‘Chapter 1: Whole Numbers, Lesson 3: Subtraction of Whole Numbers 13 Scanned with CamScannerEE EEE Sem RS Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Subtract the digits in the ones place. Observe that 2 ones of the minuend is less than 7 ones of the subtrahend. In this case, rename 4 tens of the minuend as 3 tens and 10 ones, then regroup the 10 ones with 2 ones to make 12 ones. Now subtract 7 from 12. Hundreds Tens Ones Place Place —Place 3 12 3 & z ag 5 7 Se? Subtract the tens. Since 3 tens of the minuend is again smaller than 5 tens of the subtrahend, then rename 3 hundreds of the minuend as 2 hundreds and 10 tens, then regroup 10 tens with 3 tens to make 13 tens. Subtract the tens digits. Hundreds Tens Ones Place Place Place 2 13 12 Zz 4 z ree 5 7 1 8 5 Subtract the hundreds digits. Therefore, Enya has 185 Philippine-made keychains. HE Lots Do These Look for a partner then find the difference between: A. the amount of your weekly allowance a 2. number of siblings 3. approximate distance of house from school 4. amount of time spent studying per day /5. number of pets at home i 14. Teaching Mathematics in the Primary Grades Scanned with CamScanner\ , i Let's Recall + Subtraction is the process of taking away. It is also the inverse operation of addition. + Minuend is the number being subtracted from; subtrahend is the number used to subtract while difference is called to the answer in subtraction. QF Let's Practice A. Speed Test. Answer the following, Be’ sure to indicate the time you start and end. Time Started: ____ Time Ended: 19-45 11.10-7=5__ 21.12-6=__ 31.16 -9=__ 2.8-5=__ 12.12-9=__ 22,.15-8=__ 32.16 -7=__ 3.7-35__ 13.11-6=__ 23. 13-6=__ 33. 14-9=__ 4.6-5=__ 14.15-8=__ 24. 14-7=__ 34.13 -5 = __ 5.8-2=__ 15.17-9=__°25.11-2=__ 35, 12-5 =__ 6.9-6=_. 16,16-8=___ 26. 16-8=___ 36. 13- 8= __ 27-55 17.11-7=__ 27. 18-9=__ 37. 16-9=__ 8.8-4=_ 18.10-6=__ 28. 14-8=___38.15-7=__ 9.6-1=__ 19.17-8=__ 29.15-6=_4 °39,14-6=__ 10. 8-7=__ 20,16 -7=__ 30.122-3=__ 40.13 -7=__ B. Find the missing addend. Chapter 1: Whole Numbers, Lesson 3: Subtraction of Whole Numbers 15 Scanned with CamScannerC. Find the difference. ia a8 eas 5 59 i, 4 _ 1-3 2-37 3-"49 0 472735 = 286 D. Solve the following word problems. 1. JM harvested 378 mangoes. Mia Joy harvested 89 mangoes less than JM. How many mangoes did Mia Joy harvest? 2, Roice and Chat have a total savings of P874. Chat saved P86 more than Roice. How much did each student save? 3. Ralph has P750. He spent P256 on food, P125 for his fare, P345 for his project and saved the rest. How much did he save? i aq BSI Ree 3 Phbe fod Bey ght rm yr) i * as pogo - Ub ofpenne ue Fae boege , Let's Create A 1. Solve the following in as many ways as possible. The sum of two numbers is 48 while their difference is 8. What are the I numbers? 2. You have learned about the Properties of addition which are Commutative, : Identity and Associative in the previous lesson. Relate these Properties with ; subtraction. ‘ 13 Are they also true with subtraction? Explain your answer by giving ) G examples. : Prat ) y \ | i 16° Teaching Mathematics in the Primary Grades te: Scanned with CamScanner