HISTORY OF MEDICINE

LECTURE 12: ANAESTHESIA

1. Name the six active ingredients of the “sleep apple” used also by Medieval surgeons.
2. Why does opium influence breathing?
3. Name the two substances that used to be applied to induce so-called “twilight sleep”?
4. What was the “modern” explanation of performing childbirth under “twilight sleep”
anaesthesia?
5. When was oxygen discovered?
6. What was the first appliance of ” laughing gas” as an anaesthetic? Who applied it?
What kind of pain did it relieve?
7. What were the early recommendations of ether usage, besides surgical procedures?