Awnagril Tt. PSN 1-5 PIRATORY - ® THE REs SYSTEM Body cells require an abundant and co ntinuous supply of o. a out their activities. As cells use oxy; luous supply of oxygen to carry Ben, they release carbon dioxide, a waste product that must be eliminated from the body, The cian id Pre ystems are intimately involved in obtainin, e Obtaining and delivering oxygen to body cells and in eliminating carbon dioxide from the body. The respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange between the pulmonary blood and the external environment (that is, external respiration), The respiratory system also plays an important role in maintaining the acid-base balance of the blood. Questions and activities in this chapter consider both the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system structures. FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM i is g zone and respiratory 201 1. The respiratory system is divisible into conducting zone and respiratory zone a a | .g zone structures. Moselis qnarswss lovsjwit sAvaclned 5 nd _swaai\ Povancis see | x aie te Ye _vesgitator | 2. What is their common: function? tous aA ad ee i NO eee | ne structures. __ Nie | structures. 1. Name the conductin; _Jovonci 3. Name the respiratory 20! — ee 271Bees ond , ae TVacic» Aonagri\ 1 en 5S, male 272 Anatomy & Physiology Coloring Workbook 2. The following questions refer to the main bronchi. In the spaces provided, insert the letter R to indicate the right main bronchus and the letter Z to indi cate the left main bronchus. 1, Which of the main bronchi is larger in diameter? ____ | AS Which of the main bronchi is more horizontal? 3, Which of the main bronchi is the most common site for lodging of a foreign object that has entered the respiratory passageways? & 3. Complete the following statements by inserting your answers in the answer blanks. __wostvile 1, Air enters the nasal cavity of the respiratory system through the _(@)_, The nasal cavity is divided by the midline nasal Spe 2, _@) The nasal cavity mucosa has several functions. Its major functions are to _@)_, —@)_, and _G)_ the incoming air. Warwy 3. Mucous membrane-lined cavities called _@)__ are found in 7 several bones surrounding the nasal cavities. They make the _____waolsiews 4, skull less heavy and probably act as resonance chambers for @_. The passageway common to the digestive and respira- Otonge 5. tory systems, the _(®)_, is often referred to as the throat; it ! connects the nasal cavity with the _@)__ below. Clusters of ___Yoweingea\ siwuste6, lymphatic tissue, @0)_, are part of the defensive system of the body. Reinforcement of the trachea with C1)_rings | Syeen, 7. prevents its collapse during _G2)_ changes that occur during breathing, The fact that the rings are incomplete posteriorly Yharny 8, allows a food bolus to bulge G3) during its transport to the | stomach. The larynx or voice box is built from many carti- | ___Lawyny __9.__ages, but the largest is the 4) cartilage. Within the larynx are the (5)_, which vibrate with exhaled air and allow an | TVonsils 10. individual to 6) | 2 Cantona’ sty) a A y 4 Qvessure _ 12 Noca\ 15. | 7 Bateriog WY 3. "Secale 16, 4. Circle the term that does not belong in each of the following groupings. | ‘Then, fill in the answer blanks with the correct group name. | 1. Sphenoidal Maxillary Ethmoidal Frontal Group: SXwoses cation | 2. Fused basement membranes Alveolar epithelium Capita pillary | endothelium Group: R&SQiv Ow Hwemip Your Apex Base _Hilum Larynx) Pleura Group: _LYngs Sa Pia Sinusitis Gertonitis) Pleurisy Tonsilitis Laryngitis Group: Tesgieakery 8S Oh Laryngopharynx Oropharynx Transports air and food (Nasopharyi®) Group: Sessa Alveoli Respiratory zone Alveolar sac Gain bronchus) Group: Regent ner aw aoso OMAR “T 5, Figure 13 (A) Correctly identi (B) Select different color in the coding @ Nasal cavity © Pharynx @ Trachea ‘agittal view c foo | Ss Chapter 13. The Respiratory OF the upper re ify all structures “sPiratory structures, : Beet edith Leaer ince on the, figure. = for the Structures listed below and use them to cltcles and the “oresponding structures on the figure: © tarynx © Thyroid cartilage © Paranasal sinuses @ Cricoid cartilage System 273Tasic yAmnagril ‘1 BSW \-S 274 Anatomy & Physiology Coloring Workbook 6. Using the key choices, select the terms identified in the following descriptions he appropriate term or letter in the answer blanks. Not all terms by inserting will be used. Key Choices A. Alveoli D. Epiglottis G. Palate J. Main bronchi —-M. Vocal cords | B. Bronchioles E, Esophagus H. Parietal pleura _K. Trachea C.Conchae -F. Glottis. 1. Phrenic L. Visceral pleura I @ronciices 1. smallest conducting respiratory passageways ; —G JPN 2, Separates the oral and nasal cavities T_ / Wrenie 3. Major nerve, stimulating the diaphragm ml Esognaays 4, Food passageway posterior to the trachea | D fegiaoMs _ 5, closes off the larynx during swallowing K [Trachea 6, ‘Windpipe > A / Kveokt 7. Actual site of gas exchanges ‘ M_[Povieho’ pleura s, Pleural layer covering the thorax walls Le] Niscerat, Ykura9, Pleural layer covering the Jungs F | Gis 10, Operiing between vocal folds C | Cowcinaé _ 11. Fleshy lobes in the nasal cavity which increase its surface area » WM {Nal Corde 12, Vibrate with expired air 7. Complete the following paragraph conceming the alveolar cells and their roles by writing the missing terms in the answer blanks, Elastiv 1. With the exception of the stroma of the lungs, which is (Ws ae connective tissue, the lungs are mostly air spaces, of which ONPG OS elidel dias cae cio ee part. The bulk of the alveolat walls are made up of squamous epithelial cells, which are —__SurfoeXow' 3, — well-suited forthe @ exchange fancied aia ‘numerous cuboidal cells produce a fluid that coats the aif OCW 4, exposed surface of the alveolus and contains 2 lipid-based molecule called _G)_ that functions to _@) the surface tension of the alveolar fluid8, Figure 13-2 is a dj the larynx a (A) Select a different eolog gets 5 Nagram of ind associated Structures, . «oy LOf each of the Structures listed below and use it to color in the coding einer” the mesPonding structures on the figure lestions following the diagram, O Hyoid bone © Tracheal cartilages ® Giicoid cartilage O Thyroid cartilage © Fpigionis " oo w«Main \oronelsi 12, __ eae Drondmcte 14, A\wwolvs __15. Red ‘ehood colic _16. Red 17. ee cal chamber ahead. You so here and there are lumps @ host is a smoker. AS yo! against You press your face press yous i imeerier bright 7) color a You record your obser begin your ascents YOU Petr reach the inferior edge OFS ou begin to notice tat the 8 and begin to serambl of mucus and eatapul has assisted your &™ —_ ramble into this fa substance thi R, stand there, a soft rustlin the transparent cl side, As you wat in the capillaries O7 Og up CAB) and unload 22> yns and then co! jn your return {rel ie trachea, You is becoming © ‘ Chapter 13 ‘The Respiratory System 285 ea... eros ley Yon ey ms ist pomtion ofthe phantasy don nat Straigh ohne turing the next part of your journey. It is nearly Sit do own: and the _G@) secretions are like grease. You Ai yond ny on one a pt fash 8g Unis jostling, and you realize that you have landed on Seon re ee edge of the (6), down into the seemingly endless esopha- fs behind. You asic youelf fr nat enembeng hat the _(@) _ and respiratory pathways separate at this point. Hanging dey over youre ete elke ext Het Nernaly, jou ghd nt bane een 1 to ge Beeman are cdl bi tu ooton of ke ade eee ‘You carefully begin to pick your way down, using the cartilages as steps. When you reach the next respiratory ‘organ, the ©), your descent becomes much easier, because the structure's C-shaped cartilages form a ladder-like suppor ing structure. As you climb down the cartilages, your face is stroked rhythmically by soft cellular extensions, or UD). You remember that their function is to move mucus laden with bacteria or dust and other debris toward the GD _. You finally reach a point where the descending passageway splits into two (2), and because you want {0 control your progress (rather than slide downward), you choose the more horizontal G3) branch. If you remain in the superior por- tion of the lungs, your return trip will be less difficult because the passageways will be more horizontal than steeply vert- ‘The passageways get smaller and smaller, slowing your progress, As you are squeezing into one of the smallest of the Peppiratory passageways, a C14), you see a bright spheri (G5), pick yourself up, and survey the area. Scattered vat look suspiciously like coal, reminding you that your 1g wind seems to flow in and out of the chamber )_, passing by cal. fhamber wall and see disclike cells, _ fy, they change from a somewhat bluish color to a headquarters to let them know you are ready to {, slipping and sliding as you travel, By the time you fare ready for a short break, AS you rest on the mucosa, lose and very heavy, You pick yourself up quickly nin aly and without waming, YOU are hit by a huge wad if resi host's freshly pressed handkerchief! Your host, edi acre ec diti bu rt Trastcs Anna pest J. WSN Ws 288 Anatomy & Physiology Coloring Workbook 5. where does the pharyngotympanie tube A. Oropharynx Re rare ONasopharyn D. Laryngopharynx 6. "The function ofthe cuboid cells of the alveolar walls i 0 produce surfactant B. to propel mucous sheets GC. phagocytosis of dust particles D. to allow rapid diffusion of re pases, ratory 7. An examination of a lobe of the lung reveals many branches off the main passageway. ‘These branches are: heen ioo ar eee viet eres nite eo ae Sates ty conc ee blocked? A. Alveolar ducts B. Alveolar sacs (nee D. Terminal bronchioles tertiary bronchi. B, lobar bronchi, 9. The respiratory membrane (air-blood barrier) consists of: squamous cells, basal membranes, endo- thelial cells. B. air, connective tissue, lung, C, squamous and cuboidal epithelial cells and macrophages. D, pseudostratified epithelium, lamina pro- pria, capillaries, 10. Carbon dioxide is largely transported in the blood as @ Picarbonate ions B. carbon monoxide, C. carbonic acid, D. free gas. set by the: thing roup: ate of br 1. The basic ¥ @ vents esiator 8 T. cerebellum: C, dorsal respiratory grou D. diaphragm. a is characterized by: 12. Emphyse increased elasticity ©» chronic cough. 13, When the inspiratory he thoracic cavity increases muscles contract, A. the size of t in diameter. 1B. the size of the thoracic cavity increases in length, | C. the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases (5) the size of the thoracic cavity increases in both length and diameter. 14, Lung collapse is prevented by: |A. high surface tension of alveolar fluid. @ high surface tension of pleural fui Co high’pressure in the pleural cavities, fap D. high elasticity of lung tissue. 15. Resistance is increased by: A. epinephrine, parasympathetic stimulation. (©) inflammatory chemicals. contraction of the trachealis muscle. 16. Which of the following changes accompanies the loss of elasticity associated with aging? A. Increase in tidal yolume . B. Increase in inspiratory reserve volume @ © increase in residual volume = D. Increase in vital capacity a