204 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Examination Control Division UR Regular dees Full Marks | 60, Programme 2074 Chaitra Year /Part_ Le eas ¥ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. Y Attempt All questions. v The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks, Y Assume suitable data if necessary. in cost characteristics of the two generators are given by; C,=20P, +0001, C,=15Pg, +0.037,° Solve the most economic load dispatch for the demand of S00 MW using 2-iteration method with the initial guess of maximum and minimum A as 30 and 20 respectively. (32) 2, explain how the economical load dispatch problem could be modified such that generator which 7 isresponsile for more losses contribute less power than without considering loses, (8) <3 mustty that Nuclear power plants end Hytto power plants donot participate in unit commitment, also expiain the importance of starting and shutdown costs in a unit commitment problem, Write down the complete expression for unit commitment objective function including start up and shutdown costs. (8) _ sles consider a 3-bus hydro dominated power system network. Two generators are located at bbus 4 and 3. Loads in all the three buses are as shown in Figure. Formulate optimal power flow problem for the real power dispatch with an objective of minimum power loss in the network. Carry out the following steps; 122] a. Clearly mention control variables, state variables °,*9., and fixed variables + Bi, ; Write down complete objective function — Ort State the condition for optimum solution d._ Define the structure of vector and /or.matrices Involved in part c oe Ignore the inequality constraints, Loss expression may not need to derive5. Fora two bus power system formulate the state estimation problem with measured variables as, bus injected real and reactive powers and line flows. 3 6. For a load frequency control block diagram shown in figure below, A 50 Hz, power plant has governor time constant of 0.1 sec, turbine time constant of 10 sec. and generator time constant of 1 sec, The generator galn constant Kpr is 8. If the regulation coefficient is set to 0.1, Determine the limiting value of proportional controller gain Kp such that frequency will come back to the steady state after change in demand, (12) eee