CHILD DEVELOPMENT IN ART
‘Anna M, Kindler, Editor
1997
[National Art Héucation Association
ti
MAP OF ARTISTIC
DEVELQPMENT
‘ot comnte developmen have pied our undetandng of eae rowth
‘file for several decades. Th work of Logo (1913) and Lowentld
(054) has grey intoenced at esicater understanding of how cen
‘Bow inthe wise domain Recently, boweve a acesing umber of e-
searchers have ved concerns overthespropteness of se tease,
Colbert & Tunton, 1988; De Merde 1974; Fret, 198, Wl 195;
Wielocer, 1965 Wo ey, 198) ad suggested the need for a eve
‘omeepulzaon of aie developmen,
Tats chapter, we wil cuss problems inert in stags theoles of
ssi development and presenta alemative model which hes emerged ant
ult of or cons-calral researc, rleedon on wok of other searches
‘in the il, and personal expences a at eds si pests over the
sstdecade Wevillabo pute signcnce ofthe new completion
Toa educeon.
Problems with stage theories
Deftition of atti development
‘The term “istic devapsiet” ips thi tis phenomeoon i co
sed with buran development in he donno ete Consequaty i t
‘imposible to coder it woot efletng on what cones at. Wile
‘wary defo of rt ave ben proposed ove te cena, tone which
embaced by the contemporary postnodam word cer rd the mo
ion fe as concep with a “open ere” (Wei 197, 438). out
understanding oft not ob Ht tomy paula ext hry.
ANNAM.KINDIER @ BaRNARDDARRAS‘he cooeertaio f ats evhopmentneeie acount forts bent
‘Sag thes, awere rae omelet hr reat seni he
ope eon of a.
Leary whch det net accu drersty
‘Sug hears af tds devlpmeat we catered by Useaty,
ch doer eons for dive of work produced win pur ag
Sounds, Wo and Per (1988 observed ht at ech “Sage ken
soot ge of veal languages, They obvervd th cide ae com
Ftntin making coment chacerareprd tthe ea se guages
‘hing ening ym vlan reperie oth purpose th
laoings spp over This eon of cc, rate a sine
‘ae uldog uci’ itor rofscon, was a decomentdin ses by
Bremner nd Moe (1980 These recor demons bw clea
‘who poses slo profase sal elise ravings do ot mak on
‘Set we of em. Aer concep of row oss steton on one
‘Stegay a tel production, ed manifest acy at
‘id abana we not Sree wit te ame of age hoes,
Conc reli, oe
rogeaion hogh he sags ingly deed ines fhe a=
rete ity o make ome epeeaons of people und object in
‘teensex nstige thee of rine develope ei repre
‘son sodas aefaeace pit todo secmplshment or rg. Thi,
over na mieaiag cue, when one consis the bond rane pur
oe of vial igen. nd te vying iplence of te ota rem
‘meson natn beth an cose oul prpestiree Maps ape,
‘crea arta few examples once a which he ion
‘from nln a lion be rm ele ae guy ot
‘Be Opel eins nots rome fared epee cm
‘eto dasa hoy demons, seacoast gal even Win
The bunds of Were aon nat the ciao ex
‘resve ee thn aative popes in Wester at afte 0h centty
dite oting iret ine dato i cet end sl expres 63
‘ied by Laven (547) and Prenet (96, reed he noon of
‘elms eeteniton soe to cher por manieaons
(lon, 194), Th saarscnteed stag hie een oe ie
‘rat blo for nie of aie roth
Lack of eerily beyond ent chidhood years
‘ge theowiesatenp to aeflly ence deveapmest in ely ile
tad, Ate fencers bee deted and peed serbia
‘ehaiorf clea tha sen beulvrlly hed (gC, 1953,
elogg 196; Lovefeld Bei, 1970 Lacy, 197 Walon, Comber,
APTI 3p fie enept 8
Englehart, 1990), However, ge hos ask grea wen a8
Sten atic developmen of alleen ands, Wat hc
este al gitedr dexter sented carer The cave
‘tite developmen as eed by Garner (198 ue fan Lege
‘mol othe emai the popalion Davis hs ont, Ths Lemoel
ie nt np, Bowewes th eles adler, o adn who co tl
{alow te ine of props ened bythe age ens of eis eve
tent case o poe cerl image Tn ves Engram sacs,
keane notes, photograph and home vider a jst afew expe of
"ict roduton for wich tage eons do ot aces
‘Strog emphasis on pychobilpe! determinant of art develpent
‘Sg this we unde onset trina ef n=
‘eto ee the iplletons fhe alan ol coke oi
‘ay etancons eens detrimental tent, ology ened
oct of development (eg, Leal 196), Aris deepen does
over ina wai ad colural wis however td seve earth
teed te sgncaoce of sole! fact in he wage it poees
(eg. Lela, 1978; Kind, 1904, 198, 195; Page 182: Tomy
‘Bates. 191; Win & Win, 977,196. Ti elas one eco
‘ul ene congue wae pon Pagan gegen ei
‘met i general nga, 199). Bret an Mare Wikon (977, 190,
1985) pe that eign he els 9 gpie pedis ily
‘edited und provide nthe work an abet aera xa p
ring th hypotesi Even fone wing oe called sol
facto a singly cottatng to he vray wihin he gener rule
(Gotomb, 1992s arty asd te ckoowadgedand dese
ur model proves mn tenet oconcetaize he develope of
ctrl eventos news wich Gr ae ly ney pel dei
Nonfat. embrace avery of pita means without fy
ing alae jameson tric met fay of hem lows orcas
eo oloaral vars, and cnzernd i te proses fom
‘ort inthe ety cithod snd on trough eda yu,
‘Theoretical foundation ofthe proposed mode!
Semi fowndatons
nt eying ron ae a tas
omaton ett This pals common desis ofl
‘ol ets: Wher hs communeton of haughty eo
‘as, ve sas, undesncng or elie osm trughe i
‘con dee, andra whi scoring Psse (1981-8) coneee ee
lon, wereld on Pee’ sein henry Thr bse prayer
et incr we often "nda andesite acne
{e development inte ey cildhood yar,
our mel cones evelopment of pica podtion a sei
civ and, consequat explorer te ipa of eam pool
Imagery proce by peopl a wus pots fhe ve
Seciouinal foundations
‘Ouida s rondo athe asumpion hat arte developments
‘eleaing neves sol eanponene Weave eden Wp 1979)
cnepto ofthe str of aman develops. Asano Weak.
Win gener proces of develope, o aie
ferent ines of velopment, erg in ei in be iin
Else he lemencny focaen, ich of bloga
oe th coe asst Mer psyche aston, of
‘ocelot ter The Myo chil barr
Isom fom the ncrwesvng of hese woe p48)
‘yg underanting of i reaioshp bree alg ae
‘elope iiling ieee ofthe one pros loa
ih inte aces only trough interacone with oh okra ot
enon onthe ingore of ely sented ening ino elo
‘eet Alo, an neg er of ee Int dt pting othe
Toe of sel tracts in a eslrtons of cre (eg Dou, 1988,
ind, 192 1923, 1984; Kerei, 197;Thompae Ble 191) pe
vided spp foro epee,
‘Onemodel aks int coon he soi area. ako
lps the roof lala etal oe oth gules wel
‘uae charges in ptr etn,
Phorophie perspectve
‘Gurmoderesis onthe hype ht oii elope prope
‘ya namie cont tween wo oping forces of atracton and ep
soa which ere ielrissece ine welded ensue
‘othe vent of pti lugsy Ge Pure.
This not of visa imagery rota a cent fips focescan
‘eae bck ote debated ty pioper nance Gree who
empl t dicover te mechan of progres inte Word Was
‘erase Saiee, 1985) who at mopped pees foo
rin evga
arya)
neues ea gesl farses which engaged in contig oppo and sg, we
‘oomnbl fr cane ln more cent mex, Crh (185) ad Armbets
(ts vole explore ws ston of lity tr econo te
incon fama ind
(nthe one hand we conse nd ori ome hough ene
‘ects thiking pope byte “stron pipe, One oe cm
se ofa ind are dived hough ming dation ontaing
“tories and employing diverge! mods of peng seg fen
Infact repo foc. In he devsopmen fora inngey
we have fied wo teenies comeponing tte fore be pee
tendency, whch fous le, regulary, peel and ode ad he
Indvidatetendeney which leads towards excepts, unique: and
rei.
wus conepuizaton of ei development me alo ndeted
'e Thon’ haya xstopte (190) Where fe sem enc ea
dsequitism wie canoe lected or enone sin by ante
tive ingrovenens smo: dana change reed age, 178), Po
lowing Thoms rensonn. we hyputeiaed ht oo dios pacer
‘sone fr qatatve so quite changes ead fo the divers of
‘oral eresentton encuee inte wo We gga er,
‘ation and he nee of comply of images ar sf to pe of
‘sprain lcenesiation ad tifireaion (Dans Kini, 99%; 1949).
Tocenention dies grea qunatve change ocruing wii be
Sine gel fmewoo ad ives cooing. cine seqtsce
futon canbe repared sw sen “stop” A is pl tS
‘epsltioatirctioncoafic eri in now fnes ah Togese
Incemesntios discon rosie lad te development oft mp
arc developmen which we propre
teeter cma
adel feof upton at pital ety son ole,
‘elton nhenamenon, While te cnt om eit woe wo pe
ttesexcavely with range of vial mes of prev win ae
stem Western cneeptaiation of fine a is ost been cha
lenge At of dso, pop at, hppeings, nan ff at ery
ley fee production ese bondi of lee
am ands vial, vocals psa! element the cent of
pot
ae analy i of ring development, sever searcher hein
‘aldalok ween lingage md phic ai eg. Cole, 184 Dyn,
1982; Kori, 1977 Walln, Ce, gl, 1950), Mla dew
AFTER of ri Dlg 2
‘ings ae incompetence ie bot ito bies of ate who
‘wodobd thm if they ae detached fom «cont which ince ord,
Sounds, nd geste. Don (98) bought tenon os ruby aig,
‘Bde andreerhers tal aso dof eye
‘epuntely. Bat wen cen st togeer sound «wor ble,
‘Getter wiles ely see ving. lg moves ed
‘HH pony sng and wang ae wale (20)
‘eae tht poi ns nt oly inte spate by o 4p:
oriv of oer fons of eomtmualcaton an expec, tht aft
‘abe rogues ening parte proce (inler& Drs
1994), Consent, we uggs th conden of roth win he
Sie ons needs tobe adesed in amor sonpstesive moe Nie
oper anon othe the nents nace
‘The Map Model of Pictorial Development
Ouse is exe tee ft deters ric Jeveopestn
ve segments of mip, The tse: del Whe gettin, hand
evelopment of pcr imagery int ety ldo! yer Te seed
‘epnentsconesed within penonence oil gey” (Dar 156,
1986, 1952, a asc, subelement
hich seems be commonly scsi.‘ Bd segment eae ee
many rods wich my be foowed inthe developmen f coal nage
‘Thee roads aot to be pare a mtlyexchie cls, oe
sy teavel hough many of then hon os ie
evelopment of ceria imagery i the early choad years
(Cis ston provides summary of ore dtd expat oe
‘ty loo component ofr adel, Sx Kane & Daas 195
Inu despa of he development ofp imagery inte ety
hidood ye we ued ems ely I" hh aly toad
pst of ities ar nanes wet tseems ob ule
‘er Gu qantave change Ie he nar of seo acy. TRS
in 8 wel intervals Between th, sold tbe ead sages
‘here movenet fom oo evel anther ames dct ofc.
er grep manifests. As Fg ius neremetl hanes on
‘ine repens of te now emerging sande
ach onc level etna atge of tebe nd posses,
‘tera eserings proelydefned womi nh at tdi
eb ui
Fw a ne
Rid &
Fad owetx of gap evidence, ene 1 eno wit bs ben
‘ered a uconoled blng (ep Lowenfe, 1947; Lang, 970,
‘Tescearly mis we soaeines tsonpred ying whch mg
‘ppt tthe ston thee are delghodineir sew Gconey. Yok
‘her ino vides tht this pase, veel eae esp etc roe
{8 lente ey nbn expec cle end be ais
‘dla amps have tem foes mare cel on tht mks (Due &
‘iad, 19831956 Kinder Das 199), alent ne
scons mn gin tse eapate ofeeackwsheen
‘et tr bhai. As Hitz Day (191) geste ies’
lors with mark mang canbe tbe or acorged if they i
le ey li
Teale 2
Tetiiy 2 dln te pase when i's seton shits for
‘ming te othe ate Mas and aces bpino mtr youd
ire cxence ad ald begins ono rele emong ne
Recon of oespoodecebtren coral etre ne pret
tet anda snilariyemeng ome gabe frend eee a
‘ic nieton mechan etre rand te pine o fy
semble eat & Mv, 1975,
‘The impact oft gee ndeny which faves los poeta.
‘ions ad eso redzabty ofetcome i ein in pe Ae
sone, themeree of repeated, pete gap fore allow for
‘oe te ut a neni egal Resopsion of ales iisealy
fs the pent of onc exeelng thm nthe nia
ory manifest in oven and expttenaton with en nce
rember of ie forms.
‘Toe fees reply nd edt of mks (ee Fie 4),
sepzilyhe enerpeoce of rt shapes ly weaned ns
‘ltt ihn te Bonde of Western sr ge vnc pts
‘king. Pci roducton intend pedorsiay by te geet
‘cy ofereched wih enhsizen and eerepenent ten ple
roc reninise of ate pctorl tempt Toe today ne
‘segs continous och ogmiacon ese a jredceh,
iy woth desiabe ucomes of pc etlors Wh cen do ot cee
‘wengng ines omni “ppc abing (wc can heb ec
escent an ia sponta ele), rough he eink tn ey
‘erie thy begin lapel ndetnng of elie it on abe
ofrsous prof macs,
Har 2p ehTeeny 3
“Adutreadng of sible es aol bee eed by he o-
on tat pcr igs opens ings tht han mame event Ye
e's iy petal sustain seem 9 be comcened with omen
‘ons ots ojos Duras & Kindle, 1995, an Eide Dares,
on
Ansys veal nd gsr mafensions which accompany image
seen slit he cn ope
‘ne ortipondces been ean movers ens ed
‘ut thehpoteithat the rduced wings ly jean a os
lesa objects nator sper fare forms Dees
‘i 1953, 1994, Petal imagey comers eS,
‘say tiga feay whichis fsbo nd pce naps nce
ahi sn which te incances wheres ring intr oche e
Dane's ses, aed some pesca, Ts om form of bs
_ntking ony 3 rns ont connection with lind re,
weve he Kite selon xen othe deni ng
‘my aon can be please
Te sglsece of soi intercons decal ncewes diag,
this phase. Cienega o mimic ech ther eel ete nd oan
{hs simsaon vty ings malt of te gee tens. Aa
edn ho very npr, cocina the companos ths
he. Ad inisenc oe dcong images je td gy may or
‘monica the ett hese eget ang a
Sens for actions ony retest tthe have le ale tna oe of eg
Tes my prompt cheno purse the pony of hanging ts fee
ei pti tempt
ease 4
When cid eins the pti of graeme teh gape
‘cn std feces nd ings ater thn yam ret coe
"wan roe continues doug platen cael wih ee peste
nd eran pyingesgifestrke Tisvew ooneee ee
“ere in combine with epreseuations th canted fala §
ase ee gm.
eso fst a abity to soci a for asin
‘ine whic ee funcestlin the eneepce of he pin saens
Ae sie by he pn tendency. Toe conception feared the
‘secnng of snd" elaonis dont ly on te ety of
‘eu, butter onpotrypeal, sen proper en bon ely oe
‘tes (Arbein, 974; Reh 157
HAPTER Nap offre Dems 2
Pemes
“Arf ty at ced i” 1 a oe of oe
i i ary a dae
coi 4s mashed by to state of suhaton which eikien
sterile
‘Onone tant the hapesthey chide) prone ateircoata-
Jedmaiglaions remind hemo objet soviet On
the te an the daring elton roses can
sory meig. gee Wi he newly sue kl poe
cet at wil. may pombe ce row seo
(Gurvia Day. 1951.5 7en Kinard Daret
‘The teeny to "ren-of” marks and abe essing frst
shops tad on ecived soca videos (Se Pig 8) cota
wih ruegy Seda wich seed antes ecto
‘nso ude pss of inages wt deed, eet cing
hres owing ahs oi oe ener in aa oud
Sihlyditeeatne haps may fnedon ameter, nes o ea
‘However he bition of whic pial lager oly acoponst,
5 far being genes: nvidato cea ec th
‘weal chine A geacic hay, schemaiclyrepeseid by a Cosel,
‘onde fom becoes a parle str fay olen pe
"ios: plead ccomsaces, darks tte verbal barat wich compe
‘elt ates, Ts inviduaiaton ough vera t
lw fo ay change in meal wit th ed fain aie
‘eaialtons The sme form may tke ofc Hetty os whch
‘wold best tthe fow af tee haupht or which an mat bo
siedepettin ofthe sen.
UP TER >of rt egos xs
using the coy 4p chien ncasingy aque ndetnd-
lng tinge ca commas oily ted essing Tey ages
tha the quality of ch communist canbe geal eta by = pte
‘nea approach Opparniy whe ceewinge ith ps od al nd
‘he pat recived when rhs on paper can be exe dein of
‘op nt ebjers her eneurage cheno newer isl er,
Seles ese
Wie pape padectn of iden dng the only 4 pase eo
‘oopsses apes whch que meaning thug some bi sans
ong vil or fnton ati, geomet arma seriig ad
nc-inpis of acs cna oper factol magey.
Aeonty 5
Teo ps smaskedby a compete asf remit rcs nd
‘env eplortion inthe rel of val inagery. Fm sa eee
ferpetv, che’ dings Bin sucefly cary meting WES
fan be shred soil aad appt bo independent of itl naive
‘spring el coc ages poco einem se itl