Dental care for pediatric patients is mandatory from an early age as the majority of children are at risk

of developing dental caries, most lesions progressing to pain or other complications in a short span of
time, affecting patient’s quality of life. Reducing the discomfort and time needed for treatment are of
utmost importance in order to provide effective medical care. Management of carious lesions in
primary teeth can vary, especially for those already cavitated and deep. In pediatric dentistry the aim is
to promote a positive attitude to dental care and use a minimally invasive approach when the clinical
context allows it. Due to the better understanding of the disease, international guidelines and recent
studies have suggested that more conservative approaches such as Hall technique, indirect pulp
capping (IPC), or stepwise excavation can be used in order to main pulp vitality and provide pediatric
patients with less challenging treatment sessions. The best conservative techniques and materials are
yet to be decided.