1

LESSON
A Understand the grammar
GRAMMAR Suggested 4–7 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time:
Suggested 10–15 Your actual
teaching time: minutes teaching time: • To prepare students for the activity, have them circle
the by phrase in each sentence. Then, in pairs, have
• To introduce the passive voice, write on the board the first
students study the sentences to decide if the by phrase is
two example sentences from the Grammar box, circling
necessary.
Architect Frank Gehry and the Guggenheim Museum.
• Tell students to change the sentence into the active
• Explain that the first sentence is in the active voice. The
voice to see if the performer of the action is important
active voice focuses attention on the performer of the
for understanding the sentence. Model this with the first
action (what the subject does). The performer in this case
item. (Workers added the glass pyraminds . . .)
is Frank Gehry. The second sentence is in the passive
voice. We use the passive voice to focus on the receiver of
• Move around the room and help students as needed.
an action (what happens to the subject), which in this case • Review answers with the class.
is the Guggenheim Museum.
• Review the second point and the examples with the B Grammar practice
class. Point out that the passive voice can be used in Suggested 5–8 Your actual
different tenses. Ask What tenses do you see in the example teaching time: minutes teaching time:
sentences? (Simple present, simple past, present perfect.) • Before students complete the activity, tell them to scan
• Review the last point and examples. Ask Do we know the sentences and identify the tenses of the verbs.
who makes the pottery? (No.) Explain that if students are (1–5: simple past; 6: present perfect.) Ask How do you
unsure whether or not to use the by phrase, they should form the past tense of the passive? (Use was / were + past
put the sentence into the active voice. Demonstrate by participle.) The present perfect? (Use have been / has been
writing on the board Donatella Versace designed + past participle.)
this dress. • Remind students to use a by phrase to identify who
• Tell students to use their own ideas to write four performed the action.
sentences in the passive voice. When they have finished, • When students have completed the activity, have them
have them read their sentences to a partner.
compare answers in pairs.
Language and culture
Extra Grammar Exercises
• From the Longman Corpus: The following
expressions almost always occur in the passive: be born, be
based on, and be located (at / in).

Option: GRAMMAR BOOSTER (Teaching notes p. T137)

Inductive Grammar Charts

UNIT 8, LESSON 1 T88