STRUCTURE 1

1. The North American Echinacea flower, a derivative of which has been effective _____ , is grown
by many small farmers out West.
(A) of preventing colds (C) to prevent cold
(B) in preventing colds (D) on preventing cold

2. The possibility of an attack on Indian Point, a nuclear power plant, has caused local governmental
officials to plan evacuation routes, build shelters, and offer citizens potassium pills _____ in
case of a leak.
(A) despite having fewer casualty (C) in order to have fewer casualties
(B) to have less casualty (D) so that it has less casualty

3. Trying to mimic some of the pitch variations of a dolphin chattering is the same as attempting
to sing like a sick parakeet when one is intoxicated; the complete lack of harmony and apparent
randomness of the noise means the human vocal chords ____ these sounds.
(A) are completely incapable of reproducing (C) is completely incapable of reproducing
(B) were incapable to reproduce completely (D) are incapable completely to reproduce

4. The catastrophic San Francisco Earthquake at the turn of the century destroyed numerous
buildings and ____ that the city had become a permanent disaster zone.
(A) many were led to believe (C) led many to believe
(B) the belief led many (D) led many to the belief

5. Communist Chinese leaders once prohibited organizing rallies in conjunction with the
dissemination of democratic principles, but such ____ shape at a grass roots level permitted by
the new Chinese leadership.
(A) principles is beginning taking (C) principle is beginning to take
(B) principles are beginning to take (D) principles begin taking

6. By the end of the nineteenth century, five of the Western European ____, but only one in the
East had.
(A) states had developed a railroad system
(B) states developed a railroad systems
(C) state had been developed a railroad of system
(D) of states had developed a railroad system

7. Because the economic cycle in the United States changes little during its 20-year interval between
its recessions, it ____ analogous trends in the stock market.
(A) is easy fairly to analysts to predicts (C) is fairly easy for analysts to predict
(B) was fair easy for analysts to predict (D) was fairly easy for analysist predicting

8. New high-combustion models of engines show the potential of being able to produce high
horsepower and performance without the costly ____ required by earlier high horsepower
models.
(A) maintaining and consumption of special racing fuel
(B) maintenance and consuming of specially fuel racing
(C) maintaining and consuming in special racing fuel
(D) maintenance and consumption of special racing fuel
9. The United States spends a larger percentage of its defense budget on developing its anti-missile
shield than ____
(A) the People’s Democratic Republic of North Korea do on nuclear missile technology.
(B) does the People’s Democratic Republic of North Korea on nuclear missile technology.
(C) do the People’s Democratic Republic of North Korea on nuclear missile technology.
(D) has People’s Democratic Republic of North Korea done on nuclear missile technology.

10. Statisticians from the Department of Motor Vehicles have calculated every three minutes a
human being will be struck by a vehicle, ____ can be expected to die from such collisions.
(A) but each minute two animals (C) while each minutes two animal
(B) whereas each minute two animals (D) on contrary to each minute two animals

11. In one of the most surprising victories in World War I, the newly-formed Soviet communist state
was routed by the Polish General, Jozef Pilsudski, ____ push back its borders east of Vilnius.
(A) demanding that it should (C) who demanded that it
(B) demanding that them (D) demanding it to be

12. The Great Wall Space Agency’s recent attempts to launch a man into space, a major goal of their
space program for the past few years, ____ between the technology-rich and technology-poor
cities around the space center.
(A) has not substantially decreased the gaps existing
(B) have been substantial in decrease of the gap that exist
(C) have not substantially decreased the gap existing
(D) has not decreased substantially the gaps that exists

13. Although coffee is not usually considered a drug, ____ part of breakfast for many people.
(A) such its addiction, it becomes a critical (C) so addicting is it as to become a critical
(B) it is of such addiction; it has become a critical (D) so addictive that it has become a critical

14. If seriously mentally ill people do not receive medication, they can grow unable to support
themselves, become irrational, ____ the safety of themselves or others.
(A) and perhaps even threatening (C) as well as possibly threatening
(B) and may even threaten (D) and even a possible threat to

15. A high school student fanatically devoted to modern art, ____ , perhaps most remarkably the
enormous Museum of Modern Art.
(A) Georgia has toured five museums (C) Georgia was toured all of the five museums
(B) of the five museums toured by Georgia (D) five museums were toured by Georgia

16. When the chorus divides the women into sopranos and altos, it will be able to sing songs many
times more complicated _____ as it is now.
(A) compared to those that can be (C) than those that can be sung
(B) than that can be sung (D) compared than that can be sung

17. Isabelle so loved her dead husband that when forced to sell his collection of Genghis Khan’s
diaries to raise money, ____ .
(A) she first made copies of more than 50 (C) more than 50 copies were made
(B) first she made more than 50 copies (D) copies of more than 50 were made
18. Al Gore was vice-president of the United States, _____ a senator.
(A) as his earlier father has been (C) while earlier his father has been
(B) where his father earlier is (D) just as earlier his father had been

19. The humidity, air pollution, and noise have affected the children of Maria ____ her neighbor.
(A) less drastically than (C) less dramatically than they have
(B) dramatically less than those of (D) less drastically than those of

20. The pharmaceutical company must report to the FDA the number _____ by its test subjects
and release the statistics to the public.
(A) in casualties suffering (C) of casualties suffered

(B) of casualties that suffered (D) about casualties which is suffered

21. The Fencing is a tantalizing sport, unappreciated at best, ___ a pitched and lightning-fast battle
with electrically connected swords and metal vests.
(A) where two opponents fight (C) which two opponents have fought
(B) in which two opponents fight (D) where the two of opponents fight

22. ____ by both lawyers, juries often have difficulty distinguishing the innocent from the guilty; DNA
testing helps prevent innocent people from being convicted.
(A) Due to persuasive argument made
(B) Since the persuasive arguments that are made
(C) Even though persuasively arguments made
(D) That is the persuasive arguments made

23. No school policies forbid ____ the student’s parents based only on another child’s accusations.
(A) a teacher from scolding a student or to call (C) a teacher to scold a student or call
(B) that teachers scold a students or call (D) teachers scolding or calling

24. Because both parents worked full-time, they had a nanny who not only watched
the children ____ messy.
(A) and cleaned the house if it was
(B) and also the house was cleaned if it were
(C) but also cleaned the house if it was
(D) but also did the cleaning of the house if it were

25. SAS is a database-forming programming language, _____ h of seemingly unrelated

facts on a topic.
(A) a mean to organize, in order analyzing, the huge number
(B) the means of organizing for analyzing the huge amount
(C) the means that organizes, in order to analyze, the huge amount
(D) a means to organize, in order to analyze, the huge number