CHAPTER Web Development Process, Front End Tools (amie) Introduction to web technology, Intemet and WWW, Web site planning and design issues, HTML: structure of htm! document, HTML elements: headings, paragraphs, line break, colors and fonts, links, frames, lists, tables, images and forms, Difference between HTML and HTMLS, Introduction to Style Sheet, Inserting CSS in an HTML page, CSS selectors. XML : Introduction to XML, XML key component, Transforming XML into XSLT. DTD : Schema, elements, attributes, Introduction to JSON. + Syllabus Topic : introduction to Web Technology, Internet and WWW, Web Site Planning and Design Issues 14 Introduction to Web Technology 1.1.1. Internet and WWW (A) Internet Q. Explain the term Intemet. (2 Marks) ~ Now a days, we observe that intemet is everywhere. ‘There may be hardly any mobile used by young ‘generation which does not have intemet_ service. Number of TV shows and-magazines are devoted 10 internet. ~ Imtemet becomes a basic need of people. If for some time internet gets disconnected, people really get very turbed and nervous just like some big problem get arise. Up till now you have used internet for various ‘purposes, but now in this subject we are going to learn ‘how to use this itemet to become a web developer. Definition : The Internet is nothing but a global system which consists of inter-connected networks of computers that uses the Internet protocol suite named TCPAP (Transmission Control ProtocoVInternet Protocol) to link the devices throughout the world. It is ‘network of networks which contains various types of networks like private, public, government, business, and ‘academic from local to global scope. ~The Intemet is linked by a large array of wireless, ¢lectronic and optical technologies of networking. The Internet provides a broad range of information resources and services like the World Wide Web (WWW) applications, telephony, email , sharing of files and connected hypertext documents. In 1960, the United States Federal Government form a research commission to create robust, fault-tolerant communication through computer networks The primary form of network called ARPANET was formed in the year of 1980 which provides interconnection between the regional academic and military networks. ; In 1980, the National Science Foundation Network provides funds to develop new networking technologies 4s well asthe integration of various networks. In 1990 the commercial networks and enterprises get linked which facilitate the transition to modem Internet and creates an effective growth in network technology as different generations of personal, mobile and institutional computers were connected in the network. In 1990, the commercial networks and different enterprises are connected which leads to the beginning f transition to advanced modern Internet. This effectively connects the different computers like Personal, institutional and mobile in the network Internet reshaped and even redefined the previous traditional communication media like newspaper. radio, television, etc ‘The new Intemet technology is adapted by book and newspaper. These communication media are even reshaped in new concepts like blogging, web feeds and Online news aggregators. The new forms of personal oe Scanned with CamScannerinteractions get accelerated through social networking, instant messaging and internet forums. ~ Selling and buying of goods through Intemet (online shopping) gives big opportunities to both small businesses as well as major retailers. It also gives a big comfort to consumers. Different uses of internet like (1) Social networking ~ chat 2) Email (3). Sharing of information (4) Getting ive updates - news around the world (5) Virtual classrooms (6) Online Jobs (7) Remote access (8) www Q. Explain the term WWW. (2 Marks)| © Definition ; WWW stands for World Wide Web. The ‘World Wide Web sometimes only pronounced simply as Web, is a way of retrieving information over the Internet. It is model of information-sharing which is built ontop of the Internet. = HTTP protocol is used by the web to transmit data over the internet. Web service which allows applications to communicate with each other uses HTTP. These applications communicate to exchange business logic and use the Web to share information. = Awebsite is made of number of web pages. These web pages which are also known as web documents are interconnected with each other with the help of hyperlinks which we will lear in HTML. Such web puges can be accessed using various web browsers like Internet Explorer , Firefox , Google chrome etc. The ‘web documents ean contain simple text, graphics, audio and videos. 1.1.2 Web Technology & Definition : A website is made of number of web pages. Simply a website is a file which is accessible anywhere in the world through internet. Process, Front End Toole Elie Teel (SPU Sem 6 Conp) 12 edu - Educational ‘some extensions depending Upon the o uk- 9 .nr-New Zealand j Now a day, Web development can be definitely aensidered as a happening career option. So if you think to become a web developer, then first you should ‘understand the entire technology of web. In any website there are basically two importan ‘Web Designing and web development © Web Designing {As the basic intention of website is always commercial, it is necessary that the website should be user friendly ‘and attractive which is completely depending upon the design of website. For designing purpose various Scripting languages like HTML, CSS and Software or tools like Photoshop, CorelDraw, Flash etc are used. ‘Web Development While developing software we write programs using programming languages. Such programs are also written in web development. These programs are Known as scripts and the languages in which we write such scripts are known as Scripting Languages, Basically there are two types of scripts. To understand this we will take an example of email account form. To create an email account, we have to fill the emai! ‘account form in which we have to give the username. password and some personal details. This email account form which contains differen ‘controls like textbox, checkbox, option buttons, subn! butions etc is designed using languages like HTML. CSS etc. Customized creation and data transter is doo can languages like XML, JSON etc. fou may remember that while filling such form st ms be possible that we left some fields empty or my oa some incorrect data. In such cayg the website 1°< r70F messages and forces us wo fill or correct the dats Scanned with CamScannerjob Technology (SPPU _Sem 6 - Comp. 1 Web Development Process, Front End Took It means that the website has written the code (seript) to ‘check the data given by us. It is known as validation checking. This script directly interacts with the client (website users) hence called as client side script. The Janguage in which such seript is written is known as Client Side Scripting Language. There are number of Client Side Scripting Languages like JavaSeript, JQuery, AJAX ete, Now consider that you have given all the data correctly ‘on email account form and submitted it. Now where this data goes? This data is stored in the databases like Oracle, SQL-Server or MySQL on the server. Now to store such data in the database, the website has to write the script to interact with database which is always there on the server. Hence such script is known as Server Side Script. The languages in which this script is written are known af Server Side Scripting languages. ‘These languages are Java(Servlet and JSP), PHP etc Syllabus Topic : Website Planning and Design Issues 1.2 Website Planning and Design Issues 1.2.1 Website Planning > (Aug. 2014 - in Sem) ‘Q. Describe phases of web site development in brie. 2014 - I OUELIT on Phase 1—+ [Set your purpose and goals Phase2—> Phase 3—> Phase 4—> Phase 5 —> = “If you fail to plan, you plan to fail ths isan od age which seam to be perfectly re If we build any teste without proper planing. hen it wil be same 8 Dv eonsictng «building withot any bloepint. The Tack of planning may ead to the things ends, with wrong ploe, expected features may get missed and miscommunication between the, web developer and clients may ccc, ~The proper planning of website in time will definitely give a perfect direction as well as avoids missed deadlines and backtracking, ~The different phases of website planning Phase 1: Set your purpose and goals. = The purpose of website is the most important factor. ‘There are various purposes like © Gain publicity for the business (© Sell the inventory © Get support behind a particular cause = It is necessary to identify purpose of website and the target audience. The goals must be refined. Some basic questions we have to revise like: © How many visitors we expect in a month for our website? © How many visitors should sign in for our news later? © How much sale we expect? — We have to set specific, measurable goals for our website which should match with the marketing goals. There are some analytical tools available in market which can monitor the performance of our website over time. _ Phase 2 : Create a budget. = Whatever the extent of our business, it may be mid- sized organization or a start up, it is very important to set a proper budget of our website expenses. The expenses may include the costs for web design, scripting and web hosting. Some more expenses may get added later. For this purpose we have to conduct a proper market survey as well as have some discussions with professionals. Sometimes avoiding expenses for some important things to decrease the cost may lead to big headaches or creation of non effective website. Hence everything should be analyzed properly. The selection of team members should be based on knowledge, experience, devotion and foresight. + Testit out ‘Maintain your ste Fig. 12.1: Different phases of website planning Phase 3 : Assign roles. ‘The different stakeholders having different roles in the development process are © Owner of the business, © Marketing Manager Scanned with CamScannerWob Te (SPPU - Sem: Web and graphic designer HTMLICSS professional Web developer Content writer and/or editor Database administrator We have to make sure that every person inthe team i well aware ‘of hivMher role and expectations from him/her. They should also aware with the deadlines and new developments ~ Content is nothing but any text on website which gives ‘some information to visitors. 20000 ‘Slideshows Embedded social media feeds like the Twitter ‘outline of our website. As itis the initial design, can be 14 web. rat he xt shod be eany 1 Ta ah ta Fo tot clo ad backround COD Sle fia should fit the Tine of web pages = The sine sign i best option wich Makes the ae forall cen ies Or eIiONs wit shouldbe light-weight so that canbe loaded quickly. srarvpon and tagline of company should BE Frominen onthe ose. Criekey of syle and colors should be mintnes scvos the website. rt oraat information and features must be It + ronmat om Phase 8 : Test it out. = Testing is necessary for finding out errors and retrieving missing details that we might have forgoten initially. Test the compatibility of website for various browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, and mobile compatible browsers like Safari and Opera Mini. Test the website on mobile phones and tablets. — The appearance of the website should be consistent — Make sure all the links work properly, images are in proper size. — Make sure that all the forms and input fields are ‘working properly. + Phase 9 :Maintain your site. — As the website is uploaded, it does not mean that ‘everything is finished. Now the work of maintenance {get starts as the website is ongoing entity which ‘continuously represents the company. = Monitor the behavior of website with end users with the help of analytics software. = We have to keep an eye on important aspects like the number of unique visitors and which pages af frequently visited on the website. The maintenance work also includes the posting new ‘contents, monitoring security etc. Getting feedback from end users is also very important as it helps us © improve the website. 1.2.2 Designissues > (Aug. 2015 - In sem) ‘Q. List and explain different design issues in web design ‘There are number of maj ajor technical issues whist ‘be considered while developing a website Scanned with CamScanner Process, Front End Took,a } Web Process, Front End Tools JavaScript Flash AJAX These technologies have some potential risks to the usability and accessibility of our website. ‘Syllabus Topic : HTML > 1. Browser Compatibility 1.3 HTML Q. What is HTML? (2 Marks)| Fig, C11 : Technical issues while developing a website % ite. — The webpage should be properly displayed on different browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, and —_ compatible browsers like Safari and Opera ini. Hence while building the website, the web pages should be checked on all possible browsers and ‘operating systems for the compatibility. It is important to test the pages on latest as well as older versions of browsers, because not all of the site vistors may have latest versions. > 2 Screen Resolution ~ Usually the common resolution of screen is 1024 x 768 pixels, but now there is growing trend towards higher resolutions. If the website is designed for higher resolution, it may be possible that some low -resolution ‘screens may not be able to display all of the contents. = Also it is very important to take care of mobile users. It is necessary to check the compatibility of our website for the mobiles, means how it look and feel on the mobile screens. > 3. Internet speed = is not possible that all the users have high speed internet. The download speed may get affected by the ‘webpage design. = The study suggests that: Near about 50 percent of web tusers expect that the webpage should be loaded in 2 seconds or even less. At least 40 percent visitors ‘abandon a website which requires more than 3 seconds tw load. — Use of more images or heavy media like animations or videos slow down the downloading process of web pages. This can result in a fact that customers leaving the site. The speed affects the ranking of our website in ‘search engine, It indicates that we should try to keep ‘the file and image sizes as minimum as possible. The ee awnre here at amine > 4 Technology ‘Some web technologies may also prevent end users from visiting our website of affect indexing of the website in ‘search engines. These technologies include —_ IML frames, 1 Text Marup HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. Hypertext is nothing but the way in which the different ‘web pages are linked with each other. Such links are called as Hypertext. As its name indicates, HTML is a Markup Language ‘That means we can use HTML to simply "mark-up" a text document with tags that instructs the Web browser like Chrome how to structure it to display. Basically the HTML is developed for the purpose of defining the structure of web document. It includes paragraphs, headings and lists. Now a day HTML is widely used for the purpose of formatting web pages by using various tags. 3.1 Structure of HTML Document > (Oct. 2016 - In Sem) Q. Explain the basic structure of HTML document. ‘Al the elements are included in the main opening and closing tags. Fig. 13.1 : Structure of HTML Documents: ‘An HTML document contains two main parts 1. Head : The head clement contains tle and ‘metadata of a web document. This section 1s used to declare variables and functions in scripting Scanned with CamScanner— Technology (SPPU - Sem 6 - Comp) languages. These variables and functions are then accessible throughout the page. Body : The body clement contains the information which we like to display on a web page. All text to be displayed and control creation is done in this section, ee Syllabus Topic : HTML Elements ——_—_——_Ea——orT 4 __ HTML Elements / Tags > (Dec. 2014, May 2015, Dec. 2015, Oct. 2016 - In Sem) Q. Give the lst with definition of HTML components. eee Q.List various tags in HTML with simple example for a © Definition : HTML tags are standard keywords in the web page which define how the web browser should format and display the content. ~ Usually most of the tags have two parts, an opening and a closing part, For example, is the opening tag while is the closing tag. = We have to remember that that the closing tag has the similar text as of the opening tag, but has an extra forward-slash (/) character. There are some tags which do not need closing tag. All the HTML files must have the necessary tags for it to be valid so that the web browser can understand and display it properly. = An HTML element is generally defined with starting tag. If the clement has some content then it ends with closing tag. For example,

is stating wg of a paragraph and

is closing tag of the same paragraph.

Phoenix InfoTech

is a paragraph element. Some elements have attributes to which values are Web Development Process. Front End Tools le is the usin sho sete es eee as en ws. oe ‘Ans. : Program to display various headings _Ans. : Program to display various Nesero> _ “ ‘ < www PhoenixGlobe.com :

Heading 1

Heading 2

|

Heading 3

Heading 4 |

Heading 5

-

Heading 6

‘Output ‘wows PhoenxGlobe.com QD estfehph.neent Heading 1 Heading 2 ‘Heading 3 ‘Heading 4 Heading S Heading 6 ne ttm ‘= Example . > 1.4.1 Headings Q. Explain heading element in HTML @ ) ‘F Use: In general a document stars with heading elements are used to give tle or subtle wee displayed on the webpage. The different muy ects! sizes as per their importance. HTML. ‘As we can observe that the contents of heading tags are by default hold and sizes are dey erte e pending upon the particular Reece: 18 upon the part rece aPhs. The paragraph of teat is enclosed Opening

and . Prope a nas pgs write Scanned with CamScanner ie,Web Te ‘Sem 6 - Comp.) ‘Ans. : Program with the use of paragraph tag ‘ / ‘title> Paragraph Tags ‘

Phoenix InfoTech

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Computer Training Institute - Pune

Make education your dream and it will help you to Phoce fot Comptes Trang Insite. Pane Make education your eam snd it wil help yout a your ream. 1.4.3 Line Breaks {Q. Explain line break element in HTML. Maris] © Use: The
tag is used to give the line break. It works just like “\n" of C programming language. This tag is called as empty element as it does not need any closing tag. Program 1.4.3 \Wiite a simple code for line break example. ‘Ans. : Program showing the line break example Web Process, Front End Tools 1.4.4 Colors and Fonts 1.4.4(A) Colors Q. Explain setting colors in HTML. Marks), = The look and feel of a website is dependent upon the colors used in a webpage for text and backgrounds. The colors can be specified at page level with the help of tag or can be set for individual tags. Fig. C12: Attributes of tag ‘The tag has number of attributes which arc used to set colors to different entities. > 1. bgcolor Used to set color to the background of the page. > 2 text Used to set color to the body text. > 3. link Used to set color to the active links or selected links. > 4. tink Used to set color to the linked text. > 5. vlink Used to set color to the visited links ~ that is, for linked text that you have already clicked on. © Color Coding Methods in HTML = There are different methods to set colors in the web page as follows : @ Color names We can directly specify color name like red, green, blue etc. (il) Hex codes- It is the six-digit code which represents the expected color. (Gii) Color decimal or percentage values This is also called as RGB color scheme. Here we have to specify the amount of colors red, green and blue. ‘The mixture of this gives expected color. Now we will see these color methods in detail ‘= HTML Colors - Color Names — In this method the color names are directly assigned to set color for text or background. The W3C (World Wide Web. Consortium) has listed 16 standard color names for HTML. But maximum of browsers supports ‘more that 200 color names Scanned with CamScanner lla ee Wob Te (SPPU - Sem: Z we a eed of any we = The W3C Standard 16 Colors are as follows: = User friendliness ea ition en - Black, Yellow, Red, Maroon, Gray, Lime, Green, oe ae cana ial tore, —_ * Sparen eer ee setting the < font > ...... < /font > tag and var purple, Teal : °F IML Colors - Hex Codes ~The tag has following attributes ~ This is the six digit representation of a color. The initial [ aaroves of ont to | two digits (RR) represent the red value, the next {wo digits represent green value (GG), and the last two Sigs epeset he be vale (BB) fon.) ~ There are various graphics software like MS Paint, Adobe Photoshop or Paintshop Pro where we can get [zs ‘the hexadecimal value. ~ ach hexadecimal code is preceded with pound or hash [s.coo | sign). © HTML Colors- RGB Values Fig. C13: Atrbutes of tag ~The RGB method takes three values as arguments for |“ 1. Face Red, Green and Blue colors. These values are in imeget | a Use; The Face attribute is used to specify the name of format which range from 0 to 255 depending upon the font for the text. required intensity of color. SES = 3 ~ Not all the browsers suppor this method, hence not | Arial Font suggestive. ~The specified font must be installed on the machine —— ————] where the web page is running: otherwise the text wi Program 1.4.4 be displayed in default font of the web browser Wate a simple code to dleplay the text in various color | To the face attribute, we can give multiple foot names pe acomma. : font face

Click the following link

Phoenin InfoTech ‘Stitle> Font Attributes poate _—________ The href attribute is used to specify the address of webpage which we want to display People can do whatever they want if they just set their heart to| | |) "Pent Earee e 1 ind just never give up, and just go out there and do it. € © Geis remt | (Ck teflon ak Cnet Phoenix ifoTech oe tes Pecan do every ey st tet, ee a When this link is clicked, the home page of website a will display 1.45 Links - Hyperlinks > (Aug. 2014 - In Sem, Oct. 2016 - In Sem) ‘Q. Explain following HTML Tags with suitable example Sa ‘@.What are the Hypertinks and Anchors in the HTML? Explain with suitable example(program), eee Ina website there are multiple web pages. 7 Use — Hyperlinks are used to navigate in the website. That | 1,4,5(A) The Target Attribute ‘means to move from one webpage to another. A ‘webpage can have various hyperlinks which can take us | 7 Use directly to another pages and even specific parts of the | The target attribute is used to specify location where current page. For byper linking words, phrases or even | the linked webpage should be opened. Different values for images can be used. target attribute areas follows = The anchor tag is used to specify the hypertink. |p. | Option —-- ‘The text written in opening and closing/a> tag is || No known as hypertext. When this hypertext is clicked, the target webpage get opened. The hypertext has default 1 |_blank | The linked webpage is opened in new formatting, It isin blue color and has underline eS ead Formatting. Wis in los color and hes ntes_—__ | [seit |The linked webpage is opcacd in the Program 1.4.6 SURES MC ey same frame. The linked webpage is opened in the it frame, ‘The linked webpage i opened in the full body of the window. The linked webpage 1s opened in» named targettramne Scanned with CamScannerWeb Te Program 1.4.7 (SPPU - Sem Write a program to the Gisplay the hyperinks using target

Click any of the following links

<Opens in New
‘Opens in Parent <Opens in Body Process, Front End Toxy, ~Studont Corner | $> © Use of Base Path ‘When web pages related to same website are linked, then it is not necessary to specify the complete path of the webpage. This path is known as URL. In document header In this program we will use tag to specify the base URL and afterwards we can use the relative path for all Go to the [Top This will generate following link, where we can click i reach (o the top of the webpage ‘Goto the Top 1.4.6 Frames > (May 2015, Dec. 2015) @.Expiain how frames are constructed in HTML ‘document. Explain with program. Q. How to create a frame in HTML? Explain with example Usually we can display only one webpage at a time in the browser window. ‘© Use: If we wish to display multiple pages at the same time on the browse window, then we can use the frames to divide the browser window into different sections and in each section we can display a separale webpage. A group of frames in the browser window is called as a frameset. — While dividing the window, it is considered as a table «and organized in rows and columns. ~ In the frameset application, basic tag of html like is not used. Instead of it, tag is used. This tag defines how to divide the window ist different sections. There are two main attributes of frameset tag. 41. Rows — Defines the horizontal frames. 2 Cols — Defines the vertical frames The is sub-tag of ug The < tag has attribute se (source to which we hare Scanned with CamScannerfr size of all the columns. Width of each ‘column can be specified in four ways: (1) Absolute values can be given in @ This attribute is same as of the cols attribute and accepts the same values, ‘but itis used to mention the rows in the frameset. For example, to generate two horizontal frames, use rows = "20%, 80%". The height ‘of each row’can be specified in the same way as we have seen for ‘columns. “The width ofthe border of each frame ‘can be specified with border attribute. For example, border = "3°. A value of zero indicates frame without border. ‘This attribute mentions whether display a three-dimensional border between frames or not. It takes value ‘either 1 (trie) or 0 (false). For ‘example frameborder = "1" specifies frame with three-dimensional border. Description ‘The amount of space between different frames in a frameset can be specified with the help of this attribute. It accepts any integer value For example framespacing = “5” indicates that there should be 5 pixels spacing between the frames. ‘© The Tag Attributes Following are the important attributes of the sub-tag - : 'S. | Framespacing Sr. | Attribute ‘Attribute & Description 1. [sre This attribute specifies the URL of web page that should be loaded in the frame. Example : sre = "fnimV/index him”. This attribute specifies the name to @ frame. This is usvally important when we want to establish links in one frame that load web pages into ‘another frame. In this case the second frame must have a name to identify itself as the target for the link. ‘This attribute is used to set whether or not the borders of the frame should be displayed; it overwrites the value specified in the frameborder attribute of the tag if itis specified It takes value either 1 (true) or 0 (false). This attribute specifies the width of the space between the left and right borders of the frame and the content Of the frame. The value is specified in pixels. Example : marginwidth This attribute specifies the height of the space between the top and bottom borders of the frame and its contents. ‘The value is specified. in pixels. For The borders of the frames can be resized by default. If we want to restrict user from resizing the frame then we can set: This attribute specifies the behavioe Of the scrollbars which appear on the frame. It accepts value either "yes", “10” oF “auto”. Example : scrolling = "yes" indicates that the frame should have scroll bars = J Scanned with CamScannerWeb Technology (SPPU - Sem 6 - Comp | Sr. | Attribute ‘Altribute & Description (Ans pee Fe1DOCTYPE hl 8 | tongdese | This attribute specifies link to another | | page which contains a long || Sescription about the contents of the || HITML Frames frame. © Browser Support for Frames If any user has old browser or such a browser which does not have support for frames then the ‘element is shown on the browser. = In such case we have to place the <body> element inside the <noframes> element since the <frameset> element should be replaced by the <body> element. Code to create the horizontal frames Example : longdesc = "deals" <<frameset cols = "20%,50%,30%" bord > son. atl” /> | "Dhird. html” <frame name = "center" ste <<frame name = "right" sre cae ; <framenet rows = "20%, 50% 30%6"> “<frame name = "op se = "First hil" > <frame name = "main sre ~ "Second. hil” /> | ‘<frame name = "bottom sre = "Third.html" /> <noframes> | -<bady> Your browser does not suppor frames. </body> </nofeames> <fframeset> </b> « |Note: Here it is considered that pages| Firsthtm.Second.him! and Third html are already created. Output ET ST ITC Program 1.4.10| ‘Witte a code to create the vertical frames. </html> DOCTYPE himl> on <html> <head> <title> HTML Frames</title> </head> © Frame’s name and target attributes One of the best uses of frame is to place navigation bars in one frame and then load the link web pages into separate frame. Program 1.4.11 Write a code to divide the browser window into two frames Ans. : Code to divide the browser window into two frames !DOCTYPE himl> <hunl> <head> | <title> HTML Target Frames</itle> </head> _<frameset cols = "200, #*> ‘frame sre = “menu. htm!” name = "menu_page” /> <<frame sre = “main.him!” name = "main_page” /> <frameset> </html> Here the browser window is divided into (wo frame ‘The first frame is small and will contain the on navigation menu options of menu html page. The sc Scanned with CamScannerob Technology (SPPU - Som 6 Comp.) 113 Web Development Process, Front End Tools column occupies near about 80% of size and cor ain the | Use : The <iframe> tag defines a region with main part of the page and itis. implemented | tetargulae shape inside the main page where the by main.htm file. In the links of the menu we will specify browser should display another webpage with scrollbars the target frame as main_page. Whenever any link in the | and borders ‘menu is clicked, the related page will be opened in main — page. ~The URL of webpage which occupies the inline frame Following is the content of menu.htm! file is specified by the sre attribute. <!DOCTYPE hml> || Program 1.4.12 j<harat> Write code to define <iame> tag Ans.: Simple code to define <iframe> tag IDOGTYPE hiwl> target = "main_page">Tech-Max</a> Se <br/> a <i <title> HTML Iframes-</ttle> <a href = "hitp://www-PhoenixGlobe.com" </head> “main_page">Phoenix InfoTech </a> <body> i <iframe sre = "menu.html” width = "400" bight = "250"> om” <ilrame> “main_page">Edudecision </a> <p>Document content go here.</p> | </body> | </> Following is the content of main.html file — Output <IDOCTYPE himl> 7 <himl> So meme <body bgcolor = "skyblue"> <h3> Welcome To Our Web</h3> -<p>Click any link and page will be displayed here.</p> <body> <html> 1.4.6(A) iframe . Explain the concept of iframe with suitable example (2 Marks) iframe stands for inline frame. It is defined using tag <iframe>. 1.47 Lists Q. Explain the Lists in HTML. (4 Marks) ® Use: As the name suggests, these elements are used to give list of items. Lists are used everywhere on the websites. There are number of things like articles, website navigation menus, and product features on © commerce websites which makes frequent use of lists. Types of HTML list, HTML provides three ways to give the lists Fig. CLA: Types of HTML list Scanned with CamScannera 14 Web process, Front End Tow There are following opcons for he ribute TYPE , A. <ul> = An unordered list, Plain bullets are used for the list items, B. <ol>~ An ordered list. Different schemes of numbers are used for the list items. C. <dl>= A definition list. This is used to give list of definitions just like dictionaries > A. HTML Unordered Lists Use: In this list, plain bullets Generally this option is used when thet sequence or order of the list items. The <ul> ive tis it. Every element inthe Hist s marked BY 8 Different types of bullets are available, of <ul> is used for ‘The <li> which is the sub-tag individual ls elements. ‘<li> Kunal</li> <li> Ishita</i> ‘<li>Shravi</i> <<li>Shareari </li> ‘<li> Mayuri'</li> <li> Shreyas</li> <a> ‘are used for the list items: re is no any sa tag is used 1 <ul> tag. (i) Square Gil) ‘See the following xa attribute TYPE. 1414 Pra code mustrating the uso of atin TYPE. fans. ; code ilustrating the Use of TYPE attribute feIDOCTYPE him j<himl> <head> citle> HTML Unorered List</title> </head> <body> | <font size=5> INames of Students ‘<ul ypo="eircle”> | ‘<li> Kunal</li> | <li> Ishita</i> | <<|i>Shravi< i> | Circle (ii) Dise ple which illustrates the use o <li> Sharvari</li> <li>Shreyas </i> </ul> </font> ‘fy [enn > B. HTML Ordered Lists © Use Ordered lists are generally used. when specify numbers instead of bullets. The <ol> tag is used (ot such list. The number starts from 1 and also incremented ") ‘one for each successive list element in the ordered list Program 1.4.15 ‘Write @ program to display the ordered list ‘Ans. : Program to display the ordered list we want 10 ‘<head> ‘Stitle> HTML ordered List</title> </head> Scanned with CamScannerFE wee Technology (SPPU -Sem 6 - Comp 5 Web Development Process, Front nd Too Sd ‘<font size=5> [Names of Teachers <ol> <li>Savita Madam </li> ‘<li>Snehal Madam </li> ‘<li>Shwetangi Madam </li> ‘<li>Sapana Madam </i> <li>Shalaka Madam</i> ‘Sonal Madam</li> </ul> <foot> <Iboxty> </ol> Output oo me ¢ [Names of Teachers 1 Savita Madan 2 Snchal Madam 3 Shwetangi Madam 44 Sapana Madam | .Shalaka Madam 16 Sonal Madam ~The <ol> tag has attribute TYPE which is used to specify the type of number for the list items. The <efault type is 1 whichis displayed in above output. There are following options for the attribute TYPE of <ub tag. 1-Number 1 Upper Roman Lower Roman A Upper Alpha Lower Alpha See the Program 1.4.16 which illustrates the use of attribute TYPE. © Thestart Attribute ‘This attribute of <ol> tag is used to specify the starting point of numbering. Program 1.4.16 Write @ program to ilustrate the use of TYPE and start attribute in ordered list. ‘Ans. : Program to illustrate the use of TYPE and ‘start attribute in ordered list [Names of Teachers <ol type=" start="3"> <li> Savita Madam-</li> <li> Snchal Madam</i> <i> Shwetangi Madam </li> <<1i>Sapana Madam </i> <li> Shalaka Madam</i> <1i>Sonal Madam</li> </ul> </> </body> {</himl> > C_ HTML Definition Lists F Use : Definition Lists are used to give the list of definitions just like the dictionary or encyclopedia. In ‘general this is considered as the ideal way to represent a glossary, list of terms, or some kind of name/value pair list. Following tags are used in definition list. (@) <dl> ~ Defines the beginning of the list Gil) <dt> ~ Specify a term (Gli) <dd> ~ Specify term definition Gv) </a> ~ Defines the end of the Program 1.4.17 Write a simple code for definition list with the help of various tags in definition list. ‘Ans. : Code for definition list using various tags in <dl> [<DOCTYPE biml> |<huml> <head> <ille> HTML Definition List</ttle> <head> ‘<bidy> <font size=5> <dl> <ai> <b> HTML </b> </a> <dd>HTML is a scripting language used for formatting] the web contents, </dd> Scanned with CamScannerSi TON ENG Toy Web Te (SPPU- Som <A> <h JavaSeriph <I> <A> ~ <ta> ‘chim JavaScript is client side seripting language used] fy” 3 8 eee gee ece «| -- <at> <b>PHP CAS <i> {able row ae da '<&H>PHP isa server side scripting language used to handle] | >| ye Used to create | Used 1 creae] the dataase om the server, <chl> row in a table : 3. | Hierarchy | <tr> is parent tag | <u> is sui gy] of <td> of <tr> | © Attributes of <table> tag ‘The <table> tag has following attributes 2 = veel | Attribute Value Description] mag align Left ING ssn hg lr fig web cont [ase center a table with respect to ap ence newt ct tn right surrounding text ‘RO cw sy pe he a “<y bgcolor | rgbixx.x) Specifies the color fora dxxxenx table background 148° Tables > (Aug. 2014--in Sem) Sctoeinces Any number Pixels SEIT ‘% Use: The <table> tag is used to present the data in {tabular format, means in rows and columns. <table> is ‘the main tag which is used to create the table. Following Table 1.4.1. shows the list of table related between the cell wall and the cell content cellspacing | Pixels Specifies the space | between cells Specifies the width of a table ‘Table 14.1 Specifies the height of a table Sets color of the table rx border Scanned with CamScanner</> <u> <i> 1<;d> <td>Kunal</td> a re <1d>90</td> cae he Fig. 141 Colspan and Rowspan Attributes </jr> . olspan <u> . © Use + The colypan attribute is used to define the <ud>2</td> umber of columns a cell should span (or merge) <td> Ishitacnd> horizontally. That means, we like to merge two or more euisO0“<chdee Cells in a row into a single Cell <id>Yes</d> <1 colspan=2 > </> This given code will merge two Cells into one Cell <tr> horizontally, <id>3</d> Beore Colspan ‘After Colspan <td>Shreya</id> as = ia jestooncht> eee <u> <> (a) ) <td>4</td> Fig, 14.2: Colypan /<td>Shravi</td> In the Fig. 1.4.2 there are two tables. In the first /<td>80</td> Fig. 1.4.2(a), 2 rows and 2 columns in each row are present. <id>Yes</td> In the second Fig. 1.4.2(b), 2 rows and 1 column in first row beat and 2 columns in second row are present. Now Inthe second Fig. 1.4.2(b) first two Cells are merged horizontally with the spas feipet Copa sttine , </td> © Code for Fig, 1.4.2(b) Output 1.4.8(B) Colspan and Rowspan Attributes Q. Explain Colspan and Rowspan attributes of table tag wih ‘examples (programs). @ — A table is divided into rows and every row is divided ‘imo cells. Sometimes we require the table cells span across (merged) more than one column or row. Here we ‘can use Colspan and Rowspan attributes. Colspan (Column Span) merges the Cells horizontally that means from left to right ‘The default value for the Colspan is 1 pi Scanned with CamScannerWeb 1 Program 1.4.19 Write a program demonstrating the use of colspan atibute in table (SPPU - Sem. Process, Front Ere 1 merge two Cells in <1DOCTYPE biml> <himl> <head> ithe Tables < Shea <honly> <table hander = 2 width= "4048" <eaption > Marks Data </eaption > <u> <th colspans"2"> Iehita</th> <th calepan p°2"> Kunal </th> <1 colspan"2"> Rahul </th> <i> <u> /<th>Jova</th> <th> Dot Net </th> j<th>Java</th> /<ih> Dot Neth <th>davasith> /<th> Dot Net</th> </> <u> j<ul>az</d> |<ud>B5 </td> <ul> TB</d> | <ud>sta</nd> <ul> 7 </> i>B1<d> </> Th vertically diet ‘Aner Roman Fit cot | Second oot esi} Fir cat Form cot _]| |[Toed con] | o o Fig. 14.3: Rowspan Inthe above Fig. 14.3 we can see there afe (Wo table the fist Fig, 14.3(a) there are 2 rows and each row ty is, In the second Fig. 1.4.3(b) there are 2 rows y ‘umn and ony 1 row in the second column, Ty bute is used vertically in the second column, In 2 coum the first c Rowspan attr © Code for Fig. 14.Mb) =himi> <body > ‘<table border= 1 > <u> <> First Cell <hd> <td rowspan=2 > Merged <hd> </> <> <td valign=middle> ‘Third Cell <id> 7 Uses The rowspan ‘tribute is used 10 define the ‘number of rows a cell should ‘That means , two span in vertical manner. argent Clle in he sane olan re Scanned with CamScannerWeb T (SPPU- Sem Web Devi 1 Process, Front End Tools <td> (2) Using <img> tag — The background image occupies the entire background of webpage. We cannot set size or location for it. ‘<img> tag is used to insert images at desired location and with desired size. — The <img> tag is considered as an empty tag, which indicates that, it can have only list of attributes. There is no need of closing tag. ‘Atiribute | Value Description 4.9 Images and Forms align | Top bottom | Specifies the alignment of an nee middle left | image with respect to the 1.4.9(A)_Images > (Aug. 2016 - In Sem) right surrounding elements GiEiplai how the Wrages can be Wreered in HTML | | text Defines an alternate text for ‘document with program. ae (Baten | | bee | pes Defines the width of the : So cx wstoass border around an image = Images are important in the designing of our webpage. |; aa mage Sn atl | height | pixck aoe the height of simple pictorial format on the web page. - eR eee ecclc to tert image ince | PO? —| PH Defines the whitespace on : ane both of the left and right side webpage, of an image (1) Using <body> tag = URL Defines the URL of an ‘The body tag has background attribute 10 set image as a image background to the webpage. usemap | #mapname | Defines an image as a client- Program 1.4.21 side image-map \Write a simple code for setting the image at the background. | vspace | pixels Defines the whitespace on ‘Ans.: Code for setting the image as background {op and bottom of an image width pixels ‘Specifies the width of an image Program 1.4.22 Write @ program to display the image ‘Ans.: Program to display the image [<himl> <head> <title> |lmages [</tithe> Scanned with CamScanner‘<img ste="Desert,jpg" width= Jalt="Phoenis lifeTech" bord <body> </ul> Output 100 height = 300 =3> 1.4.9(B) Image Maps _> (May 2015, Dec. 2015) ‘@. Explain Image Map with example (program). 1.4,9(C) Forms ~ HIPML provides the <map> tag to define a client-side image-map. It isan image with clickable areas. ~The <map> element has name attribute which is associated with the attribute use map and links the jmage with the map. ~The <map> clement has sub-tag <area>, which efines the clickable areas inthe image map. Program 1.4.23 SUERTE ‘Write a program to demonstrate use of <map> tag, Ans. : Program to demonstrate use of <map> tag “<1DOCTYPE hial> <area shape "rect" coords ="0,0,82,126" alt= "Jellyfish" href= "Jellyfish. bam"> ‘<area shape="cirele coonds="90,58,3" alt="Koala” Inref="Koala.htm"> <<area shape="rirele" coords="124,58,8" alt="Penguins” href= "Penguins.him"> ‘</mmap> </body> </b> {Q. Explain Form element in HTML. The HTML form is a part of a document which ma have general content, special elements known ‘as controls like textfields, checkboxes, submit bution, radio buttons etc. Users usually “complete” form by ‘modifying its elements. This modification may include centering text, selecting controls like checkbox etc before submitting the form to the next pase ‘ processing. This data is posted to an application lik CGI, ASP Script or PHP script etc, This application ‘will then perform essential processing on the accepted data based on defined business logics of the application. (6 Marks © Use HTML Forms are generally necessary when we want 10 accept some data from the website visitors. For ‘example e-mail account form, credit card form where we may like to accept information like name, email address, phone number, gender etc. ‘The HTML <form> tag creates an HTML form Syntax [<form action = "Seript URL? method "GET/POST'> form elements like input, bution ete. <Horm> © Tag attributes Following is the list of form tag attributes Sr. | Attribute Description A Url of next page(seript) to which we ‘want to submit the data a Method which will upload the data. The ‘common methods used are GET and PosT. Sets the name of the target window or frame where we want to display the | resul.H takes values like blank sl Method ‘enctype © encode the data | before sending it to server Scanned with CamScanner- Boweor Sens. 121 Web Process, Front End Tools ‘© HTML Form Controls = HTML provides various controls which can be used t0 collect the data using HTML form (Q. Explain Different Form elements / Form Controls. (4 Marks) 4 | size ‘Sets the width of the control in terms of character. S| maxlengih | Specifies the maximum number of characters which user can give in the text box. > (ii) Multi-fine text input controls This is used to accept detailed information from user. It is created using HTML <textarea> ‘<textarea rows=5 cols’ Attributes of <textarea> tag. Sr. | Attribute Description No 1. | name | Used to assign a name to the control =| which is sent to the server to be recognized and retrieve the value. i Z [Rows | Specifies the number of rows of text | 3. | Cols Specifies the number of columns of text area. Fig. CLS: HTML form controls > 1. Text Input Controls ‘Three types of text input controls are used on forms ~ FX Checkbox Controt ‘This control is used to give list of items where multi selection is allowed. It is also created using <input> tag but the value for type attribute is set as checkbox. “<input type="checkbox” name="chkPhoenix”/> > 3 Radio Button Control This control is used to give list of items where single- selection is allowed. Itis also created using <input> tag but where the value for type attribute is st as radio. ‘<input type="radio” name="optEnge”/> > 4. Select Box Control A select box is also known as drop down box. It ‘provides option to list number of options in the form of drop ‘down list. Here the user can select one or multiple options. ‘<select name="an"> ‘<option>—</option> </select> ‘© Attributes of <select> tag This is too a single-line text input control except that it ‘masks the character when user enters it. It is also created the same tag. ‘pame="ttPass”/> Used to assign a name t the control which is sent to the server to be ecognized and retrieve the value. If this option is set creates listbox and] user can sclect multiple elements If not then combobox is created where single selection is allowed. Scanned with CamScannerprocess, From Ens, Web Technology (SPPU - Sem 6 122 {a Line ae = Attributes of <option> tag | i ae neme AMI/2 Eten, | Sr. | Attribute Description Siow gpen"eheckbox” mame ="chk2/ | Ne Se ecto => Nore che> <i | Tr] value] Th vale tat wi Be ued check P Te eae crane 4ICIE t neme eede"?>Male Z| Selected | Ir sets the option by default selected "ected" name Saket [Ses lab to tons ser SFamalecbe> <br> | > 5. File Upload Box ‘This This is used to give option to user for file upload: is ereated using <input> tag. The type atibue is set ro Me, Attributes of file upload box [Select Languages rZeclect name="lang multiple <option>Marathi</option> | | <option> Hindi </option> | <option> English </option> | Se] Attribute Description </slect> | No jebr> <be> | accept | Specifies dhe ypes of files thatthe server | V5 Country | —— select name="entry"> > 6. Button Controls <option> India</option> | HTML provides different types of buttons. The <inpat> | | Spon >USA-</aption> | tag is used to create butions. option Japan </option > © ‘Types of Buttons pemeee </select> be ‘Type pea <br><br> | Upload Photo 1. Submit_| This button submits a form. mae 4 . | input type = "file" name = “fleupload 3 Preset This bution ests leas) form conta] | SP Re ae 3] Buon] This buton calls a client-side script [|p cies | Gunction). he Pen ‘input ‘button” name | > 7. Hidden Form Fields amie ‘This element is used to hide the data while sending it to the server. This control as name suggests does not display (on the form. Program 1.4.24 Write a program to display the form containing all controls, ‘Ans. : Program displaying the form containing all records <font size=5> Enter Username <input type="text" name ="titiser |maxlength=30/> <br> <br> [Enter Password <input type="password” name ="txtPass’/> <br> <br> ‘<textarea name="add" rows=5 = 30> </extarea> <br><br> <input type="reset” name = "rst" value=" "sub" valu Email Account Form Scanned with CamScannerBE woo, wi Be 1-23 Web Development Process, Front End Tools Syllabus Topic: Difference between HTML and HTMLS CSS - Cascading Style Sheet is a simple design scripting language intended to simplify the process of 1.5 Difference between HTML and making the web pages attractive with high level HTML5 formatting. Use : CSS is used to manage the look and feel of the > (Aug. 2014 - in Sem) ‘web pages. CSS is used to control the © of the text, Q. Differentiate between HTML and HTMLS the style of fonts, the way columns are sized and laid eT ‘ut, different background images oF colors used, the Spacing between paragraphs, layout designs, variations i. cre HTML in the display for various devices, screen sizes oF resolutions and variety of other effects. ‘aad andlAetio and Video tage arelAatlo end Videon ara|| ~ The CSS is very easy to learn ‘and understand but it hi \Video not provided in HTML4 provided in HTMLS eg strong control over the presentation of web page. In audi> and video> general, CSS is integrated with the markup languages 2 \Vector |Vector Graphics is only|Vector graphics is by detaut like HTML or XHTML. \Graphics |possble by use ohare by na eg] | — _ In-simple words, CSS is nothing but declaration of style |technologies like + VML,|SVG and canvas sheets which can be repeatedly used. It resembles to the Siveright Fash ot. function concept of C language. That means define ificcep _]t Gow bac Wel Goxtocaln “AAT ||, onceand we anytime anywhere repestdly lUser |Geotocaton of end userHTMLS is used to identi] | 1.6.2 Advantages of CSS ssocton [enous ihe. webtinicefe’ fun? bcwsig el | lpartcularty when comes| website (wth pemision of | | Q. Stato the advantages of CSS. (4 Marks) |to mobile devices. |user) ———————— 7 [Cookies [Hn use cookies. it suppor ocal_storage| instead of cookies. [Shapes [The diferent shapes such) is easy to draw diferent FE daveb via as cite, rectangle and|shapes such a8 cic Se [Browser [Supported old browsers [Supported by all now |Support |browsesr. 17 ]Sjrmax[Oociype declaration in Hm|OOCTYPE declaraton in ely fens voy are 4, Superior Siyios to HTML Mae, o camer |(/PhoenixGlobel/DTD HTML| }AOUENT [pwr PhoeninsGiobe eons.’ 8 |Character ‘encoding in Himi|Character encoding is very) CLs: Adv |Encoding |is very long |simple <meta charset="UTF-| > bi! parece laoocryre © HTuL|e> 1, CSS Saves Time * Once written, CSS can be used in multiple HTML. HT documents repeatedly. It helps to define style for BE TeanstionaEN'> different HTML elements and apply it to multiple web pages as per requirement Syllabus Topic : CSS > 2 Pages Load Faster ‘When CSS is used, there is no need 16 CSS , ‘no need to write HTML ta attributes repeatedly. Just write only once and can v4 1.6.1 Introduction to Style Sheet applied to all the occurrences of that tag in the Bie deeerneinccwe| oman ne > 3. Easy is ae i the a sheet effects all the elements in Scanned with CamScannerto HTML es of artutes which Helps (0 far better than HTML. 24s CSS has a wider range snake the look of webpage ‘S. Maltiple Device Compatibility y He types: ee are compa For eine 1P Sot eof sae HMI. dctment, w= eH esa verses fa webs ? OMiine Browsing Boone ae ie web apeatns ol CSS a xing a ine cache. Ths eps 10 VE a aac cache yrwies fast Kaing ofthe sree to mpeoved veal performance. > 7 Platform Independence ‘The CSS supports reliable platform independence and also supports all the latest browsers. 4.6.3 Inserting CSS in HTML Page > (Aug. 2015 - In sem, May 2017) ‘0. Wet are the ways of creating style sheets? (6 Marks) @.What are types of CSS? Explain with example (rogram) Whats @ tine CSS (@ ttemai CSS (i Extemal CSS EET Tse ae tee ways of inserting a ye sheet inthe a . Fig, C1. : Stylesheets | > 1A) Inline Style Sheet = An inline style is generally used unique st da ness ly used 10 apply a unique style ~ The Inline style is specific for the individual ne sy Widual tag. The . HTML “style” anribute is used by the inline style to 2g 4 paticulr ta. Tis isnot suggestive, as cach tangs has 0 be made cach ag which has the inline style applied 10 it. The lai Seftor an nil C38 ge wig ea ">TechMax font-size: 8px"> Innovation </li> = set color as blue and k “chip - This inline style will 330 px margin from left side - this infine style will set the Color of te <P gas ob ands sizeof fot 1 18 Output 6 mer ‘TechMax Publications ton Test > (B) Internal Style Sheet = In internal style sheet, the CSS code is usually wise: in the head section of the webpage. This simp applications of styles like classes or id's in contrast repeated use of the code. ~ While creating an internal style sheet in the web pos wwe have (0 use the <style></style> HTML tags in Head section of the webpage. The entire code of tbe Intemal CSS style sheet is included berwee? ies fens eenmectn of ha wis lowing is an ex: style sheet eee ample of how an Internal style see Program 1.6.2 SZUEEEUED ‘Write a simple code for intemal style sheet. ‘Ans. : Code for internal stylesheet <himl> <head> <title> lniernal CSS </itle> <style type="text/oss"> boxy (background-color: linen) hi (color-bhue;margn-eft:30px> P (colorseedsfont-size: 18> ee nied ee Program 16.1 SEIT ee ‘Write a simple code for inline style sheet eee Ans. Code for inline style sheet J<h1>TechMax Publications</h1> evar <b> novation Throughout </p> . <fhody> 2 ad > Scanned with CamScannerment ‘TechMax Publications ene Tse > (© External Style Sheet ~The Extemal Style sheet is a file with extension .css which we link to website. This CSS file is used to declare the style sheets. Whenever any change is made in this css file, it gets reflected in all the web pages of the website, This simplifies our work and avoids ‘making change in each and every page where the css wed. Now a day most of the websites use external siyle sheets, These are the styles which are written in a separate document or file and then linked to various ‘web pages. External style sheets affects all the documents which are attached to, this means that if we hhave a SO-page website where all the pages use the same style sheet, just change in the style sheets will make visual change in all the web pages which are linked to it This helps to make long term site management much easier. Program 1.6.3 SEED Write a simple code for extemal style sheet ‘Ans.: Code for external style sheet TechMax Publications Innovation Throughout 1.6.4 Selectors © Use CSS selectors are used to select the specific content which we want to style. Selectors are the integral part of CSS tule set. CSS selectors choose the different HTML elements as per id, class, type, attribute ete © ‘Types of selectors in CSS Q. Explain typos of solectors. (4 Marks)| Fig, CL Types of selector > 1. CSS Element Selector ‘The HTML clement by name is selected by the element selector Program 1.6.4 Write a simple code to demonstrate the use of element selector. Ans. : Code of element selector <IDOCTYPE himl> <p> Phoenix lnfoTeeh </p> <p id="paral”> 1 Scanned with CamScanner‘code for clase selector. sn Gode for class selector FD CSSta Sctector 3 ‘The id anribute of HTML element is used by the selector to select particular element, As the id is always oI wique within the page, itis bette bony . Sieg igor clement OP eT ets heading ord and right- ~ Wis expressed with the special character hash (#) which sligned.</hi> 4s followed by the id of the element, <p class="center">This heading is red and right. Program 1.6.5 ligned.</p> ‘Write @ code to demonstrate the use of Id selector. penld Ans. : Code for Id selector [</html> <IDOCTYPE hiel> Output <huml> <head> <style> Paral { : This heading is red and right-alignss color: blue; a This heading is red and right-lizn </style> vel op “|| 7 CSS Class Selector tor spectic clement <body> We can apply effect c1 <p id="paral”> www PhoenisGlobe.com</p> 5 the element name with el > <p>The eflect will not be applied here.</p> — <Ioody> <Soaral> toda” Hw oy pte vt element ung 2peving the effect to the speile Scanned with CamScannerBB woo (SPPU - Sem, [<hI clase="center"> This heading does not get the effect<hI> <p class="eenter”>This paragraph is blue and center- aligned.</p> </body> </huml> as [This heading does mot get the effect ‘Tha peragaph ie band cecal > 4. CSS Universal Selector ‘The universal selector selects every element on the pages. It is used as a wildcard character. Program 1.6.8 Write a code for universal selector. ‘Ans. : Code for universal selector [<IDOCTYPE himi> /<himl> <head> <style> let color: green; font-size: 20px3 textalignscenter; } </style> <head> ‘<body> /<h2>Phoenix InfoTech </h2> /<p>Computer Training Institute</p> <p id="paral">Pune</p> /<p>Maharashtra</p> </body> </html> Program 1. Wit a code for CSS group selector. ‘Ans.: Code for group (<!DOCTYPE html > <html> <head> <style> hha. ¢ erctigs abe, color: blue: font-size:20pt » </style> </head> <body> <hil> www PhoenixGlobe.com</h1> /<h2>This is heading </h2> www.PhoenixGlobe.com This is heading This is a paragraph. ‘Syllabus Topic : XML. 1.7. XML 1.7.1 Introduction to XML > (May 2017) (Q. What is XML? > 5S. CSS Group Selector ‘The CSS group selector selects all the elements with same style definitions. It helps to minimize the code. is used as separator in selectors. ‘XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language. XML is basically designed to store and transport data. XML supports both human- and machine-readable data format. XML was designed to be self-descriptive. ‘XML is a W3C Recommendation, Language), to make it more suitable for Web use, 1.7.2 _ Need of XML > (May 2017) Scanned with CamScannerSimplicity XML can be easily understood. We can create our own tags and build the application. We are free to develop the system as per our requirements and with our own conventions. This makes the thing very simple for us. 2 Organization ‘The design process can be segmented to build the platform. Data can be stored on one page while the formatting rules can be stored on another page. It is possible to create the data page to store the content first land later on we can work on design. XML allows us 10 create the website in stages and stay organized in the entire process. 3. Accessibility Data can be divided in XML. This makes the access of data easy and fast whenever there is need of making change in the data. 4. Standardization XML is an international standard. This means XML document can be viewed anywhere in the world. > 5. Multiple Applications “Write once, use anywhere, any number of times” rule is applied 10 XML. For XML data we can create any ‘number of display pages as we want. XML allows us to create various styles and formats for a single page as per requirement. 1.7.3. XML Key Components 'Q. Explain various Key Components of XML. > 1. Character ‘An XML document is @ string of characters. Almost ‘every legal Unicode character may appear in an XML document. 2. Processor and Application ‘The processor analyzes the markup and sored information (0 an application, The specification places requiremens on what an. XM wut do and not do, but the aplication ig 3, Markup and Content ° The characters making up an XML documes divided into markup and content, which may distinguished by the application of simple synux ules. Generally, strings that constitute markup exe tein with the character <and end with a>, begin with the character & and end with a. Stig characters that are not markup are content. 34 Tag ‘A tag is a markup construct that begins with < and with >. Tags come in three flavors: = Start-tag, such as <section> — End-tag, such as </section> = Empty-element tag, such as <line-break > > 5. Element ‘An element is a logical document component ths Lage with a start-tag and ends with a matching © consists only of an empty-clement tz: characters between the start-tag and end-tae f # Se eats inten, and may contain mai elements are calledas cae which are call ‘Hello, world! </greeting> is a 6 Attribute ‘An titibure i is @ markup construct consist? “. Pair that exists within a start-tag 0° ‘element tag, w EZ at Sete alt=" Rose" />, <Z, nd heir ang fe alrbutes are raed Fespectively, ae * Rose,jpg” and * *° — a Scanned with CamScannerProcess, Front End Toots [EF wor Technology (SPPU - Som 6 - Comp) Web Development Front End Tos, = Another example is <step number="3">Connect A to B.cJstep>, where the name of the attribute is “number” and its value is "3°. An XML attribute Can only have a single value and cach attribute can appear at most once in each element. In the common situation where alist of multiple valves is desired, this must be done by encoding the list into a well-formed XML attribute with some format beyond what XML defines itself. Usually this is either a ‘comma or semi-colon delimited list or, ifthe individual values are Known not to contain spaces, a space- delimited list can be used. — <div classe"inner _greeting-box">Welcome!</div>, where the attribute “class” has both the value "inner greeting-box" and also indicates the two CSS class ‘names "inner" and "greeting-bOx”. > 7. XML Declaration XML documents may begin with an XML declaration that describes some information about themselves. An example is<?xml _yersion="1.0" cencoding="UTF-8"2>. Program 1.7.1 \Wite a code to display a data withthe help of XML. ‘Ans. ‘<?xml version ="1.0" encoding="UTF-8'?> <eontaet-info> “<name> Kunal'</name> <<company>Phoenix InfaTech</eompany > -<phone>020 64700515 </phone> </eontact-info> “ubject > JavaScript </subject™ </studem> J<student> ‘<mo>104</mo> <name>Shravi</name> <subjectPHP</subject™ </stuent> [s/etudlemtrdta> Output i € © sesicipinans 101 Kena HTML 103 haa CSS 102 Strey JavaScript 106 Shani PHP 1.74 Difference between HTML and XML > (May 2016) Sr.No] Parameter HTML XML “Yong Form [HTML stands for ML stands for HyperText Markup eXtensible Marup Language. Language. 2 [Purpose [HTML was designed io [ML was dsigned to splay data which |store and anspor the concentrates on look of stored data dat [wakup |HTMLisamartup [XML provides a Language jlanguage set \ramework or defining [markup languages. & [Use HTML is used for [XML is not used for resentation purpose. _|presentation purpose. 5 (Case HTML is caso has case sensive. [Sensitivity insensitive. a free |HTML uses only XML allows user tags. ___|dotined tags 7. |Restictions [HTML is flexible | XML makes it ho syntax. 9.1 need Joompulsry for thé use Hoclose he tags. to cose athe tags. | |HTML does not preserve |XML preserves white tite space. lapace, [HTML is stati. kM is dynamic. 1.7.5 Transforming XML into XSLT Q. How to transform XML into XSLT? (@ Marks)] - XSLT (eXtensible Stylesheet Language ‘Transformations) is the standard style sheet ~ y language XSLT is beter than CSS. XSLT helps to add/remove elements and attributes to oF from the output file. Also the elements can be rearranged and son, execute tests and decide which elements to hide or display Scanned with CamScannerWeb Technology (SPPU - Som 6 - C XPath is used by XSLT to search information in an XML document, XSL. stands for EXtensible Stylesheet Language. It considered as same to XML as CSS is to HTML. * Need for XSL. ~ Ih HTML all tags used are predefined such font, body, heading etc. and browser has knowledge of adding Styles to them and display them to the end user with the help of CSS styles. This is not same in XML a it consists of user defined tags. ~ Hence to understand and style an XML document, W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) has provided ‘SL which can work as XML based Stylesheet Language. An XSL document is used to specify the way by which a browser should render_an XML document. Following are the main parts of XSL - ~ XSLT. Converts XML document into number of other types of documents. ~ XPath - Helps to navigate through XML document, ~ _ XSL-FO - Helps to format XML document. ‘= What is XSLT? XSLT stands for Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations. It used to transform XML data from one format into other. = How XSLT Works? — _ Inan XSLT stylesheet we can define the transformation rules which is to be applied on the target XML document. The format of XSLT stylesheet is XML. ~The XSLT stylesheet is taken by the XSLT Processor which apply the transformation rules on the target XML document and further creates a formatied document in the format of XML, HTML, or text. ~ XSLT formatter then use this formatted document to ‘generate the actual output to display to the end user. Advantages of XSLT ~ Programming is independent. An xsl file (which is a XML document) is used to write the transformations ~ 11 is possible to update the output by just making changes in the transformations in xs file. There iene need of changing any code. Hence itis easily possinig for web designers to update the stylesheet and observe the change in the output quickly. Program 1.7.2 Write a code to transform the XML document in XSUT. Ans. : Code to transform the XML. document in XSLT ‘Syntax F 4 Let's consider the following sample students xm fe h is required 10 be transformed im ree HTML document, & well. er 1-30 Web Development Process. Fron, r students.xml [<?xml version = "I ‘class > . Serta au = nol “fname Kunal </fname> iname>B.</iname> marks >85</marks> </student> <student no = "102"> “<fname> Ishita</iname> : <lname>B-</Iname> <marks>90</marks> </student> <student mo = "103"> ‘<fname> Atharv </fname> <Iname>P.</Iname> <marks>75</marks> </student> ‘</elass> ~ Now for above XML document we have to diz XSLT style sheet document to fulfill the following ern, ~The title of page should be Students — Page should contain table having student details = Columns should have give headers: Rol First_Name, Last_Name, Marks Step1: Create XSLT document Now to fulfill above requirements, XSLT document. students.xs] we will creat ‘Sasl:template match = "/">. hemi > ‘<body> ‘Sh3>Students</n3> Sxshvaluecof case select = "@rollno'/> < De Stale att > Scanned with CamScannerind Tools mice Techoolopy (SPPU_ Sam 6 - Comp, 131 Web Development Process. Front End Too, ‘<td> <xsl:value-of select = “marks/> </> </> </asl:for-each> </table> </body> </html> </xsl:template> /</xsl:stylesheet> qv Step2: Link the XSLT Document to the XML Document Make changes in student.xml document by adding xml-stylesheet tag. Set href value to students.xs] [<?xml version = "1.0"2> /<?aml-atylesheet type = "text/xsl” href <class> [</class> ‘students.xs1"?> Step3: View the XML Document in a browser Tessar x eroe¢ea © Seyflerstudentexm ome ft ne Definition : XML Document Type Declaration which ‘is also known as DTD is a way which helps to Specifically the XML language. DTDs examine the validity of structure and vocabulary of an XML ‘document against the grammatical rules and regulations of the suitable XML language. an aplication can take hep of « DTD 10 eck tha Xa is alld ~ Goma an XM den mada , mn XML document cons © Netomed iit follows all the XMI ues ike tage mont be corel nested, cpen-lSE 1s ae balanced ad ompy tgs nds with > oR © Valid: Vali) means. any XML document is. no juntony well fomed bu aso ensires aalbity SEDTD tains which gs ase, atten ef tns ns nd which tags canbe need side other ng trong oer properties = Inthe Fig. 181 we can obsere that DTD is used 0 dace the ML doce Fig. 18.1: DTD structure 1.8.2 Features of DTD Q. Write features of DTD. DTD describes following important points: ‘The elements which can appear in an XML document. ~The order of elements. = Optional and mandatory elements, ~ Attributes of elements and also whether they are optional or mandatory, ~ Whether or not attributes have default values, 1.8.3 Advantages of using DTD Q. State advantages of DTD. (2 Marks) 1. Documentation : User defined formats are allowed for XML files. These formats help user/developer to Understand the structure of the data. 2 Validation : It gives a system to ensure the validity of XML files by verifying whether the elements are in Proper sequence, mandatory elements and attributes are ‘exactly at their locations and placed in correct way ete 1.8.4 Schema ‘Q. Write note on Schema of DTD. (4 Marks) 2. We note on internal and extemal DTD. (4 On its the XML document: (2 Marks)) basis, there are (wo types of DTD Scanned with CamScannerWeb Te Fig. CLI : Types of DTD Internal DTD : Declared inside the file itself 2 External DTD : Declared in a separate file © Syntax /<!DOCTYPE element DTD identifier I declaration declaration2 In the above syntax <IDOCTYPE delimiter is beginning of DTD ‘An element indicates the parser to parse the document from the given root element. DTD identifier is an identifier for the document type <efinition. This may be the path of a file on the system or URL of a file on the internet. When DTD points to ‘external path, itis known as external subset. ‘The square brackets [ ] indicates optional list of entity declarations which is called as internal subset. 1. Internal DTD Jn this DTD elements are declared inside the XML files. In XML declaration the standalone attribute is set to yes to reference it as intemal DTD. © Syntax /<!DOCTYPE root-element [element-declarations]> |r00t-element - name of root element lelement-declarations is where the elements are declared. | ‘© Example (Declaration) ere eS |<faml vernon="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone "yes a ‘S!ELEMENT details (emp_name, company, <!ELEMENT emp name (#PCDATA)> nn” ‘<IELEMENT company (#PCDATA)> A ‘<!ELEMENT emp_phone (#PCDATA)> > /<Details> ‘< emp_name>Kunal</ emp_name> <company> Phoenix InfoTech </company> ‘< emp_phone>020 64700515</ emp_phone> /</ Details > Web Development Process. Front End Ton. 4-32 ode: the above Let us disc © Start Declaration ‘XML declaration is started with following statemeny Sani version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" |__standatone "yes > # DID Immediately after the XML header, the DTD follow, usually referred as the DOCTYPE: <IDOCTYPE details [ a3 “There is an exclamation mark (!) at the beginning of te element name in DOCTYPE declaration. The DOCTYPE instructs the parser that a DTD is linked with this XML document. © DTD Body ‘Afier DOCTYPE declaration, there is body of the DTD. Here we can declare elements, attributes, entities, and notations: a ‘<!ELEMENT details | (emp_name,company,emp_phone)> <!ELEMENT emp_name (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT company (#PCDATA)> | <!ELEMENT emp_phone (#PCDATA)> Several elements are declared here. <!ELEMENT name PCDATA)> implies the element name to be of type "#PCDATA". Here the meaning of #PCDATA is pars able text data. © End Declaration At the end, DTD"s declaration section is closed with a losing bracket and a closing angle bracket (J>). This efficiently ends the definition, and then, the XML document follows immediately. = Rules ‘The document type declaration should be at the beginning of the document. It can only be preceded by the XML header. The clement declarations should begin with an ‘exclamation mark. ~The Name in the DTD and element type of the root clement must be same. > 2 External DTD ~ _ In this DTD the elements are declared out of the XML file. They na retrieved by mentioning the syste! attributes which may be eithe ; any = y r the legal .did file or an) When standalone attribute in the XML. declaration is Set to no, it indicates that declaration get informatio” from the source outside the file * Syntax S!DOCTYPE root-element J Here the file-name is file with .did extension, Scanned with CamScannerNAAR CR RRNA RRR ae 1 End Tools z& jopmant Process, FF 2 ‘Web Techn (SPPU - Sem 6 - Comp.) 33 Web Des 7 Example > (Dec. 2014) RE | <xmi_version="1.0" enc > <1DOCTYPE Details” Details dd”> < Details> ‘<emp_name>Kunal</emp_name'> <company> Phoenix InfoTech </company> -<emip_phone>020 64700515-</emp_phone> [</Details> The content of the DTD file addresstd are as shown: <IELEMENT details (emp_name,company.emp_phone)> -<IELEMENT emp_name (#PCDATA)> |<IELEMENT company (#PCDATA)> cn se 2 Element Content Types Elements contents in the 4 categorized as: leclaration of DTD are Fig. C113 : Element Content Types <!ELEMENT emp_phone (#PCDATA)> & ‘Types of External DTD The external DTD can be referred by using system identifiers or public identifiers. > 1, Empty content ‘The element declaration do not have any content. “<?xml version="1.0"7> 2. Public Identifiers Fig. C1.12 : Types of External DTD > 1, System Identifiers ‘This helps to specify the location of an external file which contains DTD declarations. pena : pee ‘> 2. Element content Here the content is included in the elements within sentheses. “<a vers |standalone="yes! 2> <IDOCTYPE Details [ <!ELEMENT Details 0" encoding="UTF-S" “<IDOCTYPE name SYSTEM "Details. dtd” [.-J> |(emp_name,company.emp_phone)> > 2. Public Identifiers ‘A mechanism is provided by public identifier to locate DTD resources. ‘<IELEMENT emp_name (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT company (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT emp_phone (#PCDATA)> & SIDOCTYPE name PUBLIC "4/ XML Docy/DTD| ExmJ/EN'> <Details> << emp_name>Kunal</emp_name> Tt stars with Keyword PUBLIC and then followed by specialized identifier. 1.85 Elements ‘<company> Phoenix InfoTech</eompany> ‘< emp_phone>020 64700515</emp_phone> </Details > > 3. Mixed Element Content ‘Q. Explain the XML Elements with their types. (8 Marks) ‘© Definition XML elements are the building blocks of an XML document. Elements are considered as a container to store clements, attributes, text, media objects or mixture ofall 7 Use ‘An ELEMENT declaration is used to declare DTD ‘element. When DTD validates the XML file, parser at the ‘checks the root element and then the child In this we use the combinatio children ements PCDATA mean pared chat at that means, text which is not markup. Here the text can appear by itself or it can be placed between the elements “<?aml version="1.0" ="UTr-8 hadthemane co ‘<!DOCTYPE Deuals { ‘<!ELEMENT Details (#PCDATA | ame)? > oer ‘emp_name (#PCDATA)> Scanned with CamScanner(SPPU - Som 6 - Com Web Development Process, Front Endy, ‘The text is combined with child element <emp_name>Kunal</emp_name> </Details> > 4. Any Element Content ‘An element can be declared using the ANY keyword in. cour content. It is usually referred as mixed category element. ‘When the type of content is not fixed, ANY is useful tribute-name- name of the al Juded in the element-name. — aftribute-type - type of attributes. — attribute-value - fixed value Which ymple “<Pxml version = "I <<!DOCTYPE Details | ‘<!ELEMENT Details (emp_ name )> ~<aml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" Jstandalone="yes” ?> <!DOCTYPE Details <!ELEMENT Details ANY> > << Details > Some Text can be written here </Dewails > ‘<IELEMENT emp_name ( #PCDATA )> IATTLIST emp_name id CDATA #REQUIRED> Pp <Details> “<emp_pame id="123"> Kunal </emp_nare> </ Details > [__</ Details > 1.8.6(A) Rules of Attribute Declarat 1.8.6 Attributes ‘@. Explain the rules of Attribute Declaration. (2 Marks) @. Explain the attributes of XML Elements. _(4 Marks)) ‘Aitribute provides some more data about an element or ‘more precisely it defines a property of an element. In XML the attribute is inthe form of a name-value pai. = There may be multiple unique attributes to an element. © Syntax Basic syntax of DTD attributes declaration is as follows: “<IATTLIST element-name attribute-name attribute-type] ibute-value> In the above syntax = The DTD attributes start with <tATTLIST keyword if the element contains the attribute = element-name specifies the name of the element to ‘which the atribute applies. ~ altribute-name specifies the name of the attribute Which is included with the element-name. = attribute-type defines the type of attributes. ~~ altribute-value takes a fixed value that the attributes ‘must define, © Example “<?xml version = "1.07 © <ADOCTYPE Syntax The syntax of DTD attributes declaration: <IATTLIST element-name attibute-name [attribute-value> : In this syntax = I there is attribute in element, then the DTD attributes start with <!ATTLIST keyword. ‘element-name- name of the element to which the attribute applies. Tis necessary to declare all the attributes in Docimew Type Definition (DTD) using an Attributes Declaration which we want 1 use in XMI. document = Attributes may appear in ether start or empty tgs = ATTLIST keyword should be in upper case = Duplication of attribute names is not allowed in te atirbut ist for a given element 1.8.6(B) Attribute Types @ List the attribute types. (2 Mari) When attributes are declared, we can specify how te processor will handle the data of attribute value. Te attribute types are categorized in three different categories: 1, String type 2. Tokenized types 3, Enumerated types = _—_—— ‘Syllabus Topic : Introduction to JSON —_—_—_ As Introduction to JSON 1.9 __IntroductiontoJSON ~ _ JSON stands for JavaScript Object Notation format used to share the data. As its name sugges JSON is basically derived from the client side seriptité language — JavaScript, but it can be used by ™"! languages like Python, Ruby, PHP, and Java As stand alone, JSON uses the extension ” When it is defined in another file like“. html”, it may appear inside quotes as 2 JS0% string, or it may be an object which is assigned Yariable. This format is simple to transmit betwee” ** ape aa en ‘or browser. 4 IN is very readable and lightweight. It is 4 £ altemative to XML. res very less Sy™* aa In JSON, the object is a key-value data format wbx?” usually included in curly braces, Scanned with CamScanner‘web Technology (SPPU - Sem 6 © Simple format of JSON t “first_name” : "Phoenix", “Jast_name” : "InfoTech", location”: "Pune ) JSON can also be writen all in one Hine. {tist_name" : "Phoenix", "ast_name” : “InfoTect’) “location” : "Pune") ‘= Data types in JSON ‘Q.List datatypes in JSON. (2 Marks) 1. strings 2, numbers 3. objects 4. arrays 55. booleans (rue or false) 6. oul 4.10 Exam Pack (University and Review Questions) ____ Questions) © Syllabus Topic : Introduction to Web Technology, Internet and WWW, Web Site Planning and Design Issues @. Explain the term Internet. (Refer section 1.1.1-A) (2 Marks) @. Explain the term WAY (Roter section 1.1.1-B) (2 Marks) @. Explain the term Website (Reter section 1.1.2-A) (2 Marks) Syllabus Topic : Website Planning and Design Issues . Describe phases of web site development in brit (Reter soction 1.2.1) (6 Marks) (Aug. 2014 - In sem) Q. List and explain different design issues in web design. (Rotor section 1.2.2) (4 Marks) (Aug. 2015 -In sem) & Syllabus Topic : HTML ‘What is HTML ? (Refer section 1.3) (2 Marks) Explain the basic structure of HTML document (Ret. Sec 1.3.1) (6 Marks) (Oct. 2016 - In sem) Syllabus Topic : HTML Elements Give the ist with definition of HTML components. (SMarks) (Dee. 2014, May 2015, Oct 2016 - In Sem) List various tags in HTML with simple example for ‘web page. (5 Marks) (Dec. 2015) Explain heading element in HTML (Refer section 1.4.1) (2 Marks) ‘Explain paragraph element in HTML (Refer section 1.4.2) (2 Marks) Explain tine break element in HTML. (Refer section 1.4.3) (2 Marks) Explain setting colors in HTML. q of ee 2 PP —RReter seston 44(ayisMans) | = aa wep Development recess, ont nS TOSS 7 Tapia soting fonts in HTM xr section 1.4.4(B)) (4 Marks), Cesena Top wa subi sae ire 1.4.6) (2.5 Marks) thor ecto 14.5 nd progam 14.) CO am) rp] nat are the Hyprins and Anchors wine HTML Briain with suitable example 1.4.6) (4 Marks) (Fler secon 1.4.5 and program Te ey Seen) ‘ed in HTML cemiain tow frames aro consti Erte PO or ooctoo 148, program, 149,60) 1.4.10) (5 Marks) (May 2015, Dec. a oO ee rare in HTML? Expiain wih oxao 7 am 1.4,9 and 1.4.10) ine coated 1.4.6, prog (May 2017) eam the concept of tame with suitable exemple (Refer section 1. .4.6(A)) (2 Marks) Bolan hess n HTML fer section 1.4.7) (4 Marks) (Retr secon tzaon ne we pages using HTML? ‘Rotor secon 1.48) (4 Marks) _ (Aug. 2014 -In sem) (inat's te dference between <tr> and <tt>? (Refer section 1.4.5(A) (2 Marks) (May 2015) Write HTML code which include table. (Reter program 1.4.16) (2 Marks) (May 2015 -In sem) Explain Colspan and Rowspan attributes of table tag with suitable examples (programs). (Refer section 1.4.8(8)) (4 Marks) Explain how the images can be inserted in HTML document. (Refer section 1.4.9 (A) and program 1.4.21 (6 Marks) (Aug. 2016 - In sem) Explain Image Map with example. (Refer section 1.4.9(8) and program 1.4.23) (5 Marks) (May 2015, Dec. 2015) Explain Form element in HTML. (Reter section 1.4.9 (C)) (8 Marks) Explain Ditferent Form elements / Form Controls (Reter section 1.4.9 (C)) (4 Marks) ‘ae Topic : Difference between HTML and Differentiate between HTML and HTMLS (Refer section 1.5)(5 Marks) (Aug. 2014 - In sem) Syllabus Topic : CSS What do you mean by CSS? (Refer section 1.6.1)(6 Marks) (A ug. 2014 =I wit a shor note on: CSS Sie Shoots ey (Refer section 1.6.1) (5 Marks) (Oct. en ) (Oct. 2016 - in sem) mee ‘section 1.6.2) (4 Marks) are the ways of creating style sheets? pores 1.6.3) (5 Marks) are types of CSS? Explain with example(program) (Refer section 1. Caen" 149. programs 12.1, 16.2 and 1.6.3) Scanned with CamScanneri) Inline css ii) Intemal CSS ii) Extemal CSS (Refer section 1.6.3) (6 Marks) (Aug, 2015 - In Sem) Scanned with CamScannerCHAPTER Client Side Technologies Structures, Dom JavaScript : Overview of JavaScript, Using JS in an HTML (Embedded, Extemal), Data types, Control rays, Functions and Scopes, Objects in JS, DOM levels, DOM Objects and their properties and methods, Manipulating DOM jQuery : Introduction to jQuery, Loading jQuery, Selecting elements, changing styles, creating elements, appending elements, removing elements, handling events. 241 Overview of JavaScript Q. What is JavaScript ? (4 Marks)| = JavaScript is an open source probably the most popular client side scripting language which is supported by all the browsers. © Use: JavaScript is an extremely powerful client-side scripting language. This language is used mostly for increasing the interaction of an end user with the ‘webpage. JavaScript helps to make our webpage more lively and interactive. JavaScript is widely used in application development as well as in game development. = JavaScript supports dynamic scripting. It is lightweight ‘and mostly used as an integral part of web pages where there is need of client side script and dynamic pages. JavaScript supports object oriented concepts. — JavaScript was developed by Mr. Brendan Eich in 1995 who was working in Netscape. JavaScript was initially called as LiveScript and later ‘on the name is changed to JavaScript. The syntax of JavaScript is typically influenced by the C Programming language. © Client-side JavaScript ~ This is the most common form of the language. The ‘Script (code) of JavaScript is embedded into HTML or referenced by an HTML document so as to be interpreted by the browser. Syllabus Topic : JavaScript - Overview of JavaScript = It proves that the web page not necessarily is a static HTML, but it can include seripts that interact with the end user, controls the browser, and create HTML content dynamically. The client-side features of JavaScript have various benefits over the previous traditional CGI (Common Gateway Interface) server-side scripts. For example, JavaScript can be used to verify whether the user has given a valid e-mail id in a form field oF not. When user submits the form, the JavaScript validates the data, if all the given data is valid then only it is submitted to the Web Server. = JavaScript helps to handle events fired by user like button clicks, navigation through links, and other actions which are taken by user explicitly or implicitly. 24.1 Characteristics or Advantages of JavaScript > (May 2017) . Explain characteristics of JavaScript | JavaScript is a lightweight, interpreted client side scripting language. ~ Designed for developing network-based applications. ~ JavaScript is complementary to Java. — JavaScript is complementary to and integrated with HTML. ~ It is Open source and cross-platform. Scanned with CamScannerwe Cont Side Techcogey Web Tectu (SPPU - Sem 6 - Comp.) z hase ~The user input is validated before sending the page to ¥ ‘Spe —— | J the server This minimizes the server trai, which |} Ne | snaSei ot tends to fewer loads on the server. programmer full content| ~ There is no need for the user to wait to see if something functionality sind 1) have been forgotten to ener. i ace ~ Interactive interfaces can be created which can give aioe Fesponses to end user actions like mouse or keyboard | }—=—Tyaring Te at = i canes" = activites James | as LveScipt ng | — JavaScript can include clements like freed eaten os Mak derdoneg components and sliders to provide a feel of ic MieroSystems, ~ anal interface to the users. EichNetscape, 2.1.2 JavaScript Development Tools ra Tnalehighr aera Marks) comehd based and wea See £ Se laden typed language Advantage : One of main advantage of JavaScript is language. - = seer i Leff expensive. A simple text editor like Notepad can wang aps aes | ces ce used to write the scripts. Inside the context of a web ko int.char double etc. | var koywo | ee ae eee aed. | dora propemenie Jerse ti | there is no need to buy a compiler. ‘extension “Java” and after — (sor i aon it eee creas 7 | Objects | Objects of Java Objects of are class based. JavaScript are protoypebaset 8. | Scope | Javahas block based | JavaScript scope, has function based. | scope tint | conten. Fig. C2.1: JavaScript editing tools Syllabus Topic : JavaScript - Using JS in an HTML > 1. Microsoft FrontPage (Embedded, External) This is popular product of Microsoft. It provides Yarious JavaScript tools to web developers for | 9.9 _ Sees eee Using JS in an HTML > 2 Macromedia Dreamweaver MX ———(Embedded, External) It is very popular HTML and JavaScript tool used for 221 JavaScript Syntax web development professionally. It provides. various 1 capper amPonens, to handle “databases, and | | Explain syntax of JavaScnpt, (2 Marks), +5 Ine ~ The code (Script) of JavaScript is writen in the «tif This is a product of Macromedia which ig eit: ‘SPening <script> and closing </script> HTML. tags it? HTML and JavaScript edit wre thed Neb ‘Page. Usually the <script> tag is allowe! coal websteg, MAPS 0 effectively | nywtere in wet but the <head> section is aoe sionally recommended" “Pe? 21.3. Difference between Java : 5 > JavaScript ae The <script> tag basically notifies the browser that (May 2015) code written is a script of Jav, ipt of JavaScript ©. Wie me citerence between java and JavaScript. = Syntax Syntax of JavaScript wit! appear as follows <script ..> © important atinbutes Scanned with CamScannerWeb Te — Language and Type : These attributes specify the name of scripting language used. Here its value will be (SPPU - Sem 6 - Comp. “JavaScript” for attribute Language and “texw/JavaSeript” for attribute Type. = __ JavaScript segment will look like [<script language="JavaSeript"> JavaScript statements </script> or <script type="text JavaSeript"> JavaScript statements </script> 22.2 Embedded JavaScript Program 2.2.1 Write an embedded JavaScript code displaying welcome message. Soin. : Embedded JavaScript code displaying welcome message ‘The JavaScript code can be embed into HTML file using the <script> tag /<IDOCTYPE html> }<huml> <head> <title> [JavaScript <hitle> <script language="JavaSeript"> ‘document. write("Weleome To JavaScript"); </seript> <thead> <body> </body> Client Side Technologies Program 2.2.2 Wit a program to demonstrate line break example Soin. : Program to demonstrate the line break <himl> <head> <title> [JavaScript </title> </head> <body> <font size=6 color="blue"> <script type="text JavaSeript"> document write(Weleome To JavaSeript”); Jdocument.write("<br>Line break"); <seript> <ifont> | </body> /</huml> document.write : This method writes a string into HTML document. Output Toe ™ Steers vaash eet Explanation ‘Outside the <script> element, the HTML tags can be used in their normal way, but if we want to use the HTML tags in <script> section, then document.write() method is sed. — —_—— Output Taser 7 (©)0 esiciptnet Welcome To JavaScript Line break 223 External JavaScript = An external JavaScript file can be created to embed it in many himl pages. = It supports the concept of code reusability as single JavaScript file can be embed into several hml pages. ‘An external JavaScript file is saved by the extension is" Program 2.2.3 Write an extemal JavaScript code demonstrating welcome message. Soin. : External JavaScript code demonstrating welcome message MyFFle,is [function msg() it eats ‘To The World of Web); Scanned with CamScanner<himi> <head> ‘Sseript language="JavaSeript” sro="MyFi </script> <head> <body> <p>Weles ‘<form> we to JavaScript</p> = "button" value="Click Here” ‘mae"/> </form> </body> </html> No. ——__ Represents instance which jg Bh) Obie to access members ep 2 [Amay Represents set of same vaiggy ~ = Tiegtay Represents regular express JavaScript is considered as a dynamic type jan —~ that is there is no need to specify type ofthe yaa This type is dynamically decided by the Iyvgqs engine. While declaring a variable, “var Key" used on place of data type. Var means varian, jy. the variable can store any type of valve like nina, strings, dates etc. © Examples 1, varmo= 101; //holding number 2._varsname="Kunal"; _/Mholding string Syllabus Topic : Data Types in JavaScript Data Types in JavaScri > (May 2017) Q. Explain various data types in. JavaScript. — Variable is a name given to ‘memory location where we can store some value. The value depends upon the data type of variable. ee ~ In JavaScript there are number of data types used {0 store different types of values. These data types are primarily categorized = Fig. C2.2: Data types in Javas. > 1. JavaScript primitive data types In JavaScript, there are five types of pei types as follows : Primitive data Sr. | Data Type Description No. 1. | String Represents sequence eg. "shita” of characters ‘Number Represents numeric ‘ 101 values eg, Boolean Represents Boolean 2 true or false “Value either Program 2.3.1 Write a program to display roll no. and name of student sip var" keyword, Soin. : Program to display roll no. using “var” keyword and name of studet cert language="JavaSeript"> ‘<font size=5 color=blue>"); Scanned with CamScannerWeb Techy 24 yrompt( ) and alert() (SPPU - Som 6 - Comp.) {Q. Explain the functions prompt() and alent() with suitable ‘example (program). (4 Marks) = prompt() : This method is used to display an input box ‘which can accept value from user. = alert(): Program 2.4.1 Write program to accept two numbers from user and display their summation. Soin. : Program to accept two numbers from user and displaying their summation thod is used to display a message box. al = parseat(prompt("Enter frst number n2 = parsefnt(prompi("Enter second number :")s sum = nl + n2; sle(Summation is "-+sum)s Client Side Tech 25 i Syiiabus Tople = Control Structures JavaScript 5 Control Structures 4 2.5.1 Conditional Statements JavaScript provides following types of conditional statements = iff-used to specify a block of statements to be executed if the given condition is true else — used to specify a block of statements to be executed if the given condition is false = else if- used to specify another condition to test if the previous condition is false = switch ~ used to specify many alternative blocks of code to be executed > 2.5.1(A) The if Statement Use : The if statement used to specify a block of statements to be executed, if the given condition is true. = Syntax if (condition) t statements; Program 2.5.1 Write a program to accept a number and chec! Pee er scgenn ‘and check whether itis Program to accept a number t greater then 100 or not nn eek Whether Ils (<himl> <head> <title> lie </itle> </head> [<body> Scanned with CamScanner3 Client Side Technologie, $B woo resect srPu som s-corp 28 "I alert("Number is Odd: “+n); , </script> | eae aC alert("Number is greater than 100 : "+n); , </script> </body> </html> > 25.1(C) else if Ladder F Use: Itis used to specify another condition to est if _ the previous condition is false = Syntax > 2.5.1(B) The else Statement if (condition) © Use: The ese sttementis used to specify ablock of || , statements to be executed, if the given condition is false |], “wfemanlst ie = else if(condition) | it statements; qi y Jetse eo it fe | } statements; | Pr u =a Program 2.5.3 Write @ program to accept a number from user and check whether it is even or odd. Write @ program which accepts roll no., name and marks 3 subjects from student. Calculate the total and average ¢ : ‘marks and print the grade (avg >=80; ~ A, >< Program to check number is even or odd then ge “B,>-10 then gade—C oso ol.) A ae pe aes oe get the grade only if he/she & <tidle> Soin. : lif else <hitle> Erommeito calculate the average and display thé <head> Srades of students Scanned with CamScannerBF wen. (SPPU- Som 6 froame = prompt(“Enter name :"), Web = parselnt(prompt("Enter marks of Web :" DAA = parsela(prompt("Enter marks of DAA :")}; |SYS = parselnt(prompt("Enicr marks of SysPro and OS :")): houal = Web + DAA + SYS; avg = total / 3: document. write("Rollno :"+m0}; Idocumentowrite(”<br>Name :"-+sname); \document.write(’<br>Total: "total \document.wrte("<br> Average :"+avg) lif(Web> =40 && DAA>=40 && SYS>=40) Ht iffarg>=80) document.write(’<br>Grade : A"); se iffavg> =60) document.write(’<br>Grade :B’); else iflavg>=40) document.write(’<br>Grade : C") ) else { document.write(’<be> Fail." + </script> </font> </bonly> </html> Output €) © testicip. net + 2.5.1(D) Switch Case Statement ® Use: Switch statement is used to select one of many blocks of code to be executed. © Syntax & Working onl ‘The switch expression is evaluated onl ‘The value of expression is compared with the val ‘each constant expression. ly ance. ues of If there is a match, then the related statements are executed. 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0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/683814892/Angela-Duckworth" target="_blank">Angela Duckworth</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4/5 (590)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/356032151/Sing-Unburied-Sing-A-Novel" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Sing, Unburied, Sing: A 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2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/683990000/Jesmyn-Ward" target="_blank">Jesmyn Ward</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star 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0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/671516025/Margot-Lee-Shetterly" target="_blank">Margot Lee Shetterly</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star 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aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/683814899/Phil-Knight" target="_blank">Phil Knight</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (540)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/224266633/The-Perks-of-Being-a-Wallflower" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The Perks of Being a Wallflower</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224266633/149x198/196f9b9902/1715608142?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224266633/298x396/c65dbae83f/1715608142?v=1 2x" alt="The Perks of Being a Wallflower" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Perks of Being a Wallflower</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/683815248/Stephen-Chbosky" target="_blank">Stephen Chbosky</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (2104)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/211302755/The-Hard-Thing-About-Hard-Things-Building-a-Business-When-There-Are-No-Easy-Answers" 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3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/684983410/Ben-Horowitz" target="_blank">Ben Horowitz</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div 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src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/234028503/149x198/600d1fe3f9/1718276304?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/234028503/298x396/1455400f40/1718276304?v=1 2x" alt="Bad Feminist: Essays" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Bad Feminist: Essays</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/694002562/Roxane-Gay" target="_blank">Roxane Gay</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span 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style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/655656594/Ashlee-Vance" target="_blank">Ashlee Vance</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (474)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/393393789/Her-Body-and-Other-Parties-Stories" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Her Body and Other Parties: Stories</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/393393789/149x198/027888fb3f/1712200786?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/393393789/298x396/688f039a8b/1712200786?v=1 2x" alt="Her Body and Other Parties: Stories" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Her Body and Other Parties: Stories</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/626038376/Carmen-Maria-Machado" target="_blank">Carmen Maria Machado</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4/5 (822)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/378045783/The-Outsider-A-Novel" target="_blank"><span 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1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Outsider: A Novel</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/572764971/Stephen-King" target="_blank">Stephen King</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span 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href="https://www.everand.com/book/224426877/Angela-s-Ashes-A-Memoir" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Angela&#x27;s Ashes: A Memoir</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224426877/149x198/67b53f7428/1718631569?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224426877/298x396/61c4862b68/1718631569?v=1 2x" alt="Angela&#x27;s Ashes: A Memoir" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 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style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Brooklyn: A Novel</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/684985070/Colm-Toibin" target="_blank">Colm Toibin</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">3.5/5 (1947)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/335537398/The-Little-Book-of-Hygge-Danish-Secrets-to-Happy-Living" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/335537398/149x198/c261b5b62a/1717844699?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/335537398/298x396/4b549960d0/1717844699?v=1 2x" alt="The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/656546239/Meik-Wiking" target="_blank">Meik Wiking</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">3.5/5 (401)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/235411767/A-Man-Called-Ove-A-Novel" target="_blank"><span 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1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">A Man Called Ove: A Novel</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/683814850/Fredrik-Backman" target="_blank">Fredrik Backman</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (4770)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/182553141/The-World-Is-Flat-3-0-A-Brief-History-of-the-Twenty-first-Century" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/182553141/149x198/9d8b4953ee/1714629096?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/182553141/298x396/89521cc859/1714629096?v=1 2x" alt="The World 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fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/687127844/Thomas-L-Friedman" target="_blank">Thomas L. Friedman</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">3.5/5 (2259)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/224326250/Steve-Jobs" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Steve Jobs</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224326250/149x198/f1e7bf86b3/1701281268?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224326250/298x396/67d6eee06a/1701281268?v=1 2x" alt="Steve Jobs" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Steve Jobs</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/683814325/Walter-Isaacson" target="_blank">Walter Isaacson</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (808)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/419930541/The-Yellow-House-A-Memoir-2019-National-Book-Award-Winner" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/419930541/149x198/941121db9b/1702813542?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/419930541/298x396/327f81adb3/1702813542?v=1 2x" alt="The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/469606521/Sarah-M-Broom" target="_blank">Sarah M. Broom</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4/5 (98)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/163646054/Devil-in-the-Grove-Thurgood-Marshall-the-Groveland-Boys-and-the-Dawn-of-a-New-America" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a 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2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/655065772/Gilbert-King" target="_blank">Gilbert King</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (266)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/163579056/The-Art-of-Racing-in-the-Rain-A-Novel" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/163579056/149x198/e3ae8b9345/1719053563?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/163579056/298x396/c599e1583f/1719053563?v=1 2x" alt="The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/696787006/Garth-Stein" target="_blank">Garth Stein</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4/5 (4208)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/163657166/A-Tree-Grows-in-Brooklyn" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">A Tree Grows in Brooklyn</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/163657166/149x198/bf3b773b78/1719054123?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/163657166/298x396/9446ea1bc2/1719054123?v=1 2x" alt="A Tree Grows in Brooklyn" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">A Tree Grows in Brooklyn</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/709859210/Betty-Smith" target="_blank">Betty Smith</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (1929)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/244157917/Yes-Please" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Yes Please</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/244157917/149x198/ce51d31665/1719055949?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/244157917/298x396/d0cbd421a3/1719055949?v=1 2x" alt="Yes Please" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Yes Please</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/655441200/Amy-Poehler" target="_blank">Amy Poehler</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4/5 (1902)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/225916486/A-Heartbreaking-Work-Of-Staggering-Genius-A-Memoir-Based-on-a-True-Story" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/225916486/149x198/ceefd53ff2/1710801410?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/225916486/298x396/3fda0d41f4/1710801410?v=1 2x" alt="A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/684985077/Dave-Eggers" target="_blank">Dave Eggers</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">3.5/5 (231)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/224410295/Team-of-Rivals-The-Political-Genius-of-Abraham-Lincoln" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224410295/149x198/5f74dd59cd/1716559191?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224410295/298x396/58644b8626/1716559191?v=1 2x" alt="Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/683814521/Doris-Kearns-Goodwin" target="_blank">Doris Kearns Goodwin</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (234)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/316391232/The-Woman-in-Cabin-10" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The Woman in Cabin 10</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/316391232/149x198/50fd0ecce1/1716397985?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/316391232/298x396/f55471760a/1716397985?v=1 2x" alt="The Woman in Cabin 10" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Woman in Cabin 10</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/683814867/Ruth-Ware" target="_blank">Ruth Ware</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">3.5/5 (2522)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/387826985/Fear-Trump-in-the-White-House" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Fear: Trump in the White House</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/387826985/149x198/51575e1763/1702508736?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/387826985/298x396/3d168969ec/1702508736?v=1 2x" alt="Fear: Trump in the White House" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Fear: Trump in the White House</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/683815807/Bob-Woodward" target="_blank">Bob Woodward</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">3.5/5 (738)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/182560283/Wolf-Hall-A-Novel" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Wolf Hall: A Novel</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/182560283/149x198/0601b1931c/1701145155?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/182560283/298x396/f6a21d4103/1701145155?v=1 2x" alt="Wolf Hall: A Novel" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Wolf Hall: A Novel</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/684981840/Hilary-Mantel" target="_blank">Hilary Mantel</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4/5 (3811)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/224419023/John-Adams" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">John Adams</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224419023/149x198/7e946216e0/1695045625?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224419023/298x396/08758c4819/1695045625?v=1 2x" alt="John Adams" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">John Adams</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/683814315/David-McCullough" target="_blank">David McCullough</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (2409)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/423387462/On-Fire-The-Burning-Case-for-a-Green-New-Deal" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/423387462/149x198/8447b35521/1715002460?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/423387462/298x396/a2fe7cb5cf/1715002460?v=1 2x" alt="On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/684364153/Naomi-Klein" target="_blank">Naomi Klein</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4/5 (74)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/224306619/The-Light-Between-Oceans-A-Novel" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The Light Between Oceans: A Novel</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224306619/149x198/5a300f585d/1710925558?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224306619/298x396/21c3e990fc/1710925558?v=1 2x" alt="The Light Between Oceans: A Novel" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Light Between Oceans: A Novel</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/685040006/M-L-Stedman" target="_blank">M.L. Stedman</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">4.5/5 (789)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/359457348/Manhattan-Beach-A-Novel" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">Manhattan Beach: A Novel</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/359457348/149x198/a54d82062c/1666150267?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/359457348/298x396/ace0ab76b6/1666150267?v=1 2x" alt="Manhattan Beach: A Novel" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">Manhattan Beach: A Novel</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/442472030/Jennifer-Egan" target="_blank">Jennifer Egan</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">3.5/5 (792)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/224420008/The-Constant-Gardener-A-Novel" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The Constant Gardener: A Novel</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224420008/149x198/7a7e91eff2/1685971848?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-1-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/224420008/298x396/7fdc43e330/1685971848?v=1 2x" alt="The Constant Gardener: A Novel" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Constant Gardener: A Novel</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/685258256/John-le-Carre" target="_blank">John le Carré</a></div><div class="_16H48L"><div class="wrapper__static_stars _3FghFh"><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_fill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_halffill light_lit"></span><span class="rating_star icon-ic_star_small_outline"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars</span></div><div class="_1c33kx">3.5/5 (104)</div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="wrapper__mono_document_list_item" data-e2e="document-list-item"><div class="view_wrapper"><div data-e2e="list-item-info" class="list_item_container"><a data-e2e="list-item-link" class="link" href="https://www.everand.com/book/212863738/The-Unwinding-An-Inner-History-of-the-New-America" target="_blank"><span class="visually_hidden">The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America</span></a><div class="thumbnail_and_info"><img src="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/212863738/149x198/486257e90d/1714630079?v=1" srcSet="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/word_document/212863738/298x396/40684a0550/1714630079?v=1 2x" alt="The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America" aria-label="book" class="thumbnail_img"/><div class="doc_info"><div class="crossLinkHeading"><span class="Icon-module_wrapper_LUeQrI"><svg width="12" height="12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8.654 8.21c.13-.441.159-.81.159-1.085 0-1.144-.67-1.899-.67-1.899h1.594c.182.382.32.97.32 1.783 0 .335-.1 1.206-.641 2.193l1.984 2.603H9.108l-.84-1.104C7.442 11.445 6.26 12 4.577 12 2.454 12 1 10.545 1 8.588c0-3.164 3.145-3.38 3.145-3.38l-.697-.803c-.944-1.104-.91-2.488-.287-3.343C3.725.288 4.485 0 5.634 0 7.991 0 8.44 2.17 8.44 2.17h-1.91s-.062-1.11-1.106-1.11c-.99 0-1.275.694-1.193 1.294.034.252.143.487.275.648 0 0 1.985 2.401 2.295 2.76l-1.324.006c-.302 0-.634-.02-.951.083-.328.106-.616.3-.842.561-.418.483-.595 1.15-.558 1.79.038.661.249 1.354.717 1.834.425.435 1.101.643 1.693.643.928 0 1.612-.331 2.102-.797L5.317 6.82h2.288l1.05 1.39Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal"></span></span> <!-- -->From Everand</div><div class="title" data-e2e="doc-info-title">The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America</div><div class="_38nure" data-e2e="doc-info-author"><a class="Hv6j2r" href="https://www.everand.com/author/681650763/George-Packer" 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