The Normal Distribution

Characteristics of the Normal Distribution :

1.

e.g., Adult height Manufacturing tolerances Intelligence scores Personality scores

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It is symmetrical, and the mean, mode and median are equal Fifty percent of the scores are below the mean and fifty percent are above it Most of the scores pile up around the mean, and extreme (low/high) scores are relatively rare

Probability and Proportion are Equivalent

For all normal distributions, the following proportions are occurring: (transformed in z score units)
+ 1 = 34.13% + 2 = 13.59% + 3 = 2.28%

Probability - a proportion or a fraction of the number of outcomes of an event over the total number of outcomes. P (A) = # of outcomes classified as A / total number of possible outcomes

Problem: The animal colony contains 20 male rats and 30 female rats. Of the 20 males, 15 are white and 5 are spotted.
a. b.

p (female) = 30/50 = .60 P (white male) = 15/50 =.30

What is the probability of obtaining a female rat? What is the probability of obtaining a white male rat?

How can we be sure that the sample reflects the population?

Sampling pr c d r

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Systematic Sampling

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