#" !

! % $

SCAN CODE
& "#$% !
& )*ROM-BIOS ( ! '
2 1 ASCII - /0 . - , + 1.5
2 1 )*7 8 6345+ &
2 1 :5; 9 2
2 1 PC XT <
2 1 MF-II =
< ?@ + >
= 1 ASCII -
> 1 !
$, + BIOS )*16H &% '(
E -C DB 00H A +
E -C DB 01H A +
E?@ + -C DB 02H A +
' 1 KEYP.PAS ( F '
1 BIOS )*-44GA
+- . &% /0 1
2( ,
16H !IJ /0% H
1 %K
44G !IJ 48 ( F
, +- . 3 &% ( 45 !
7 +- . ( 45 6 2( #
, + % 8 9: 7
> 1 M L @+ %4! 6 %K &
AT " R , /QM-L P C NO?@ + %K &
E ! 6Q G , B M T
U V W %@ 6 STU &
,! ;< 7
' 1 . % 4G 2
& SQ 2
& S Q 7.3
,? +> 5 ' 2 =
 2@ 2A (

!
+ 32 0 ,1 ' " /+ & , " #- . ' ! ( )* & " # $ %
8 # $ % + 45 '0 673 - 5* (" - -

< 9 :- 5 673 ; !- "

8 . # ". 2 •
673 => ? . @: •
4" :4 . @: A •
8D E# "2 ( 5& (1) 0 B4=C •

A " > F- . : B 5 $ BG 0 > 5 673 - , A

H 4K* L M5 %> " 4 :B VGA H I J" -"
8P O 73 > !B N O > 7 ( G (1) 0 BIOS

73 4 4 0 B T " % L " 0 - BI 'S '2 , J C ' J 2 R Q 0L5

0I :' D 2 ( L B"/ : >> 65 C 2 4 " P" $
0 5 673 . 7 ' I * 2 2 ( # U =C-C > P O
< (1)

mar-rih@myway.com •
mar-rih@mail.sy •
www.alepposoft.com/info •
021- •

! "# "$ %
&'#
(( )( )(

'
2B
B
B
BB
B
9:)B
B
B
BB
B
CD2 B
B
B
BB
B )B
B
B
BB
B E F/ B
B
B
BB
B GB
B
B
BBB )BB
B
B
BB
C- B
B
B
BB
B
. B
B
B
BB
B HI
K DOS F @ 5 F/ >J :
'B
B
BB
B
B 2B
B
B
BB
B9 FB
B
B
BB
B 5N>2 MB
B
B
BB
B )B
B
B
BB
B
*BB
BB
B
B % 0 2B
B
B
BB LTSR B
B B
B
BB
B 0 2B
B
B
BB
B
(HI
K- . 2O5
( % 5 &% /0 2(F9 - .
0 2B
BB
BB
B1PB
BB
B
BBD B B
BB
B
B&% QMBB
BB
B
BCRDB B
B
BB
B BBB
B
B
BST2 BB
BB
B
B UB B
B
B
BB
4 MB B
B
B
BB
C)BBB
B
B
B*
B
B
B
BB
%Z2&[BB
B
B
B\ B B
B
B
B6 2 QMB
B
B
BB
C2X YB
B
BB
B2B
B
B
BB51V B B
B
B
BD2B B
B
B
BW F B B
BB
B
(- BBB
B
B. B B
B
B
B
)B
BB
B
BB
* ]^B B
BB
B
B B B
BB
B
B]9 >_BB
B
B
BB̀ a
( 45B
BB
B
BB '85 B
B
B
BB
B<9 B
B
B
BB
B- B B
B
B
BB
. B BB
B
B
B FB B
B
BB
B\
K- .

X
XX
X
X\] [X
X
X
XX
X
TF @;XX
X
X
X+ XX
X
XX XX
X
XX ,X X
X
X
XYXXX
X
X
+ 345+
.XX
X
X
X Z6[XX
XX
X
X 4X
X
XX
X
RM
X
X
XX
X (X X
X
XX
! X X
X
XX
T
D,XX
X
X
X-LXX
X
X
XP ^_X
X
XX
X̀ X
XX
X
X ! ?+
XX
X
X
X YXX
XX
X
+ AXX
X
X
XD V XX
XX
X
! X
X
XX
Xa
Q 8 bAN + _
cX
X
XX
+F,X
X
XXdX
X
XX
QJ X
X
XX INTEL 8048 X
X
XX( X
X
XX
! _X
X
XX̀ X
X
XX
@ -bX
X
XX
M
8e
X
X
X
XX
X
X UX
X
X
XX
X
X %:X
X
X
XX
X
Xg ( X
X
X
XX
X
X! AT fR
:XX
X
X
XX
X,X
X
X
XX
X
X X
X
X
XX
X
XT @ )X
X
X
XX
X
X*
INTEL 8042
^XX
X
XX g )aXX
XX
X
Rh%:XXX
X
X
Xg /X
X
X
XX
X
QM-LbXX
X
X
XD X
X
XX
XT @ ^_X
X
XX
X̀ iX
XX
X
X
*\+
UXX
X
X
XX
^_X
X
X
XX
X
X̀ jX
X
X
XX
X
XQ
+ g 34X
X
X
XX
X
XD
W X
XX
X
X
XXT @ X
X
X
XX
X
XQM X XX
X
XX
X X X
X
X
XX CPU X
X X
X
X
XX
X,X
X
X
XX
X
X
H5

SCAN CODE
AX
XX
X
X
XX
X
D -b4X
X
XX
X
XX
X X XX
X
X
XX
Xa \@ [X X
XX
X
X
XX
X
TR X X
X
X
XX
X
X X X
X
X
XX
X
X (X X
X
XX
X
XX
! %X X
XX
X
XX
X
4X
X
XX
X
XG g E .X X
X
X
XX - X X
X
X
XXB SCAN CODE X
XX
X
XX /M4X
X
XX
X
Xb4XX
X
XX
X
M/X XX
X
XX
X0YXX
X
X
XX
+
X
X
XX
Xl # 6[X X
X
X
X YX X
X
XX
+ /X X
X
X
XQ
MbX X
X
XX
G V X X
XX
X - ;X XX
X
X^_XX
X
XX̀ ,XX
XX
XXX
X
XX
DkM
) ( FT )*Y+ \bm )+
AT XX
XX
X)XX
XX
X
X* X X
X
XXT @ /XX
XX
X
X0 .XX
X
XX - X XX
X
X X X
X
X
X X X
X
X
X (X X
XX
X
!LX X
X
XX
X
X
XX)Q.XX
X
X
Q. @;X X
X
X X XX
X
@ X X
XX
JR _X
X
XX̀ nX X
X
X X
XX
X X X
XX )XX
XX
X
*?@ +
XX
X
X T J+
.XX
XX
4X
XX
X
X X
X
XX
XU! ZX
XX
XX
X
8 jX
X
XX
X
XQ X
XX
X
X X X
X
X
X XX
X
XXT @ ,X
XX
X
XX X
XX
X
H X
XX
X
X@ 3b
_X
X
XX
X
XXR )XX
X
XX
X
XX
*, nX
XX
XX
X
X
+ X X
X
X
XX
Xo%:X XX
XX
X
XXg pXX
XX
X
X
XX
@M/X
X
XX
XX
X
X
QM, nX
X
XX
X
XX
+ %:XX
XX
X
XX
Xg _XX
XX
X
X
X̀
)Q.Q.+
U! Z8 M. Z8 345+ , n+ %: g SJ+
AX
X
XX
X ,X XX
X
X +.X
X
XX
XAXX
X
X
XUJ UX
XX
X
X
X X XX
X
X
+Dm LX X
X
X
X0 M.XX
X
X
XZX X
X
XX
X
8 X
X
XX
X
JR
.XX
X
X
XX - XX
X
X
XX X
XX
X
XX
+ X
XX
X
XX
J
FXX
X
X
XX
R n ?+
XX
X
XX
X E4X
X
XX
X
X :XX
X
XX
X
XB q 5R
XX
X
XX
X /X
X
X
XX
X
X0
jQ M. [T RJ
* Q :R
 X
X
X
XXQ
8 b-X
X
X
XX
] r)X
XX
XX
*XX
X
X
X\F
n5 ( X
X
X
XX
! i XX
X
X
X*X
X
X
XX
! X
X
X
XX -4X
X
XX
X
MZ6X
X
XX
X
N ?X
XX
X
X r0
XX
XX
X
JJ X
X
XX
X XX
X
XX
N ;XX
XX
X
! )X
X
X
XX
X@ XX
X
X
XoL* .X X
X
X
X-] _X
X
XX
X^_X
XX
X
X̀ X X
X
X
X
345+
. MT I M , K @ T] M . ( ! /0 U!

#$ ! "
r03X
XX
X
XsRQb4XX
X
XX _XX
X
X
X̀ YX X
XX
X
+ X XX
X
X 4X X
X
X
XR
M [X X
XX
X
X .X X
X
XX - X X
X
X
X @;X X
X
XX
+
XX
X
XJU X X
X
X\F
W 4XX
X
X
G?XXX
X
X\ _X
XX
X̀ X X
X
X
+Q^X X
X
X ?X X
X
XX I 6[X X
X
X
X%n X X
X
XYX X
X
X
+ X
X
X
X]
4X
X
XX
X
RMX X
X
XX X
XX
X
XH @;X X
X
XX ?G XX
XX
X
+ X
X
XX
XT @ X X
X
X
X\*AU+ .X
XX
X
X)X X
X
X
XX
+ -4X
XX
X
X
X
X
XX
X
@ ,XX
XX
XX X
X
XX
H 5 ^_XX
XX
X̀ 4XX
X
X
X 4X X
X
XX tX X
X
XX
X
D )XX
XX
X
X
*YX X
X
X
X+ ,XX
X
X
X X X
XX
X
K] Z6XX
XX
X
N ?+X
X
XX
X
6;XX
X
XX
X-bXXX
X
X
XM0 -X XX
X
X
XT@V X XX
X
XXW X X
X
XX
X
MTI X X
XX
X
XK XX
X
X
XX
H 8 3XX
X
XX
X
\ _XXX
X
XXR X XX
X
XX
@P
CTRL+ALT+DEL U T@
X
X
XX
X ,XX
XX
XnXX
X
XX+QAXX
X
X
XUJ X X
X
X
X! X
X
XX
X / .XX
X
XXXX
X
X
X3X
XX
X
XsR 345+.X
XX
X
X
$XX
XX
X
X EAX
XX
X
XX
UJB L X X
X
X
XX )X
XX
X
X
X+ X X
X
XX
X E X X
XX
X
X! B I 6[X
X
X
XX
X X
XX
X
X
XQ .X XX
X
X
X
/X
X
X
X0 bmXX
X
X _X
XX
X̀ AX
X
X
XUJ - XX
X
X )X
X
X
X*1 XX
X
XJ X X
X
X@ _XX7 tX
X
X X
XX
T XX
XX̀ X
X
XX
\R 4X
X
X
X
1, \,

\R 6H ! 128 , T
] abAUJ 1bDE •
u +V g0 Y+ 128 , K
] Q,@ g 1 )19 •
AUJ !

+@ kK* T@V +
] ` ! Y+ , K ] Z6N ,M N K
]W %K
A /Q
M Z6[ jr4! )R SHIFT /QM Z6[ +
. 345+
. /QMA V
)` A V Q ! - ?h(36H) )` SHIFT !- L Q(!
, + v + SHIFT AUJ - 3sR 3.+ ? I T @Q (1EH)
6: , g4 T ]V 4 ! I 6[

'(ROM-BIOS & ! %
w. (! T
J+
.f]
/0AUD M- \* - ] )*IRQ1 T Q: !IJ _R +
( ! ,M% m. , T
J+. 09H !IJ )M4+ . ^L 4 _` T@
, \+ a D,@ )+ J * ASCII /0\ AUJ !
) ST U+ TD
1 -C D, ST U+ ,@+ T D`u F09 3\ -4Mj R `
_R 345+ Q , AUJ !- J ( ! /Q M9 1 / W
_R _` J 9 sF ] )*60H `_R _` R M c 8x 8b
V 8b4D ] r0L J ; ( ! L4J ZJ*AUJ !
? AV kK* ; /Q M a )` /Q
MZ6[ (a+ F ] t. RL ]
3J 84 V /QM( ! V !+ d.FV /QMZ6[ 4! g0 \s
4 . y \\*) ST U+ AU+. )+ - ; /0V +

&
 . , Q
+5 M 345+
. Q
+5 W 45+
. o \r
\ ;+ M ?s! A

/ ASCII ) " *+ , ) " - .

z y9 ] )* D)`)+ ASCII - /0 . - %
V 256 , m 7 8 M {R`V 128 , ASCII - fO
+

buffer )*g n5 ST
U+ /0- T % ASCII V L g
^_`-C J ST U+ 3J ?hdQM 3 i ( ! _a
4! 3J ?hv 6 _\ | 8
\ ROM-BIOS , 16 H !IJ \+ ! 3J buffer _`, VL
v 6 _\ + A -4M

/ '(4 5 1 2 3. 0
g 345+
. ( ! V ! ROOMBIOS , ?o /Q
M
345+g nQ
@FW 6Q 4+
! ) D @; 8e( FT d4T AU+. DOS
\ 45+g AUTOEXEC.BAT fQ )*\T:R,@ 7 8 6 , VL

/ 738 9 6
1 )` :5; 9 Q D" F h
kh4G

D O Q ^_`u+ IBM T
\F D, + R
R
@ )*AN + \ ,@ z -44M Q+
5 6Q ? : \F
W MR
+ \@
Q 8 b}4 /QM%4 g u ^_`,@ [ Q +5 u L/QM + Q
+5

/ PC XT :
83 , m PC/XT " R , Q S* 4T )*~ ]
345+g T!H - 6H Shift Enter Y+ ]z Y+

Enter Y+ ! Q @; ^_`tQ )+ AT c+
F? ?h
K? - 6H /QM + tF] jrA ,@ `b \. , T] Shift
K L @+ @; 345+
. g ^_` W Scroll Lock Num Lock
Shift

/ MF-II ;
1 )Q /Q
M + )`

keypad ,M Q
: R ::5 ?\ , M •

2
 /Q
M )* !N + l •

\. \ 0% H ,@ Q )*AN +)+ Alt •

Caps Lock Scroll Lock Num Lock )` kK LEDs •

b4 )+ h

1-$ F

<= . "
%k8 , d 8b ?+ ,@ Asccii VL , V dF J ?Q!F ]
,@ , dF ] D ALT Y+ 345+
L\l0,@ dFi
* ^_`345+ 4R
M [ l jQ+CTRL Y+ 345+
^_`)` ,T ) + @; 32 , 6H )` \ )+ ASCII V
\s V )+

<
 2-$ F

/ ASCII ) "
X
X
X
XX
X
XD)XX
XX
X
X
XX
\* :XX
X
XX
X
X
X,XX
X
XX
X
XMX XX
X
X
XXQ
+5 X
X
XX
X
XXD/XX
XX
X
X
XX
QMAL .X X
X
XX
X
X 7X XX
X
X
XX
+ r0
jX
X
XX
X
XXr AH .X
X X
X
X
XX
X )X
XX
X
X
XX*SCAN
X CODE X X
X
X
XX
X4XXX
X
X
XXF ASCII X X
X
XX
X
X- X X
X
XX
X
X
TXX
X
X /X
X
X
XX
QM ?@ +
XX
X
X X XX
X T .XX
X
XR X X
X
X
*k+8g q XXX
X
! AXX
X
XX X
XX X XX
X
! YX X
X
X
+Q
,X
XX
Xg4XX
X
X~ X X
X
X̀ XX
X
XQ! dXX
X
X
F/X X
X
XM27 nX
X
Q XX
X ?G X XX
X
+( X X
XX
T ?X
X
X
XX
s! i XX
X
X*%X
X
XX
K
+@Q€ R ]V %8b0)* To
/X
XX
X
X
XX-LX
X
XX• F1 X
X
X X
X
X
XX
K )XX
X
X
XX
Xl YXX
X
X
XX
+ 345+
XX
XX
X
X ,X
XX
X
XX
@ Q @;XX
XX
X
X X X
XX
X
X
r0F1 YX
X
XX
+ €X X
X
X*?+X
XX
XzXXX
X
X | :XX
XX
X
R )X
X
X
XX
* X X
X
X _XXX
X̀ 345+X
X
XX )X
XX
X
X
*XX
X
X
R+T
oL
~ \QY+ ] 345+. g0 + @Q€ F^4! T +! I 6[ ]

=
 / ! " $K$

1 bD

)X
X
XX
X
XX
*,X
X
XX
X
X
@ [X X
X
X
XX
X !XX
X
XX
X X
XX
X
X
X X X
X
XX
X X
X
XX BIOS AX
X
X X
XX
X
X 34XXX
X
XX
J
)X
X
XX
X
X*SCANE CODE X
XX
X
XX XXD AL .X
X
X X
X
XX )X
XX
X
X*00 4X
X XX
X
XF XX
X
XX ^_XX
XX
X̀
X
X
X
XH 5 01H,
X
X 00H AX
X
X
XX
X + 4X
X
XX
X
X CM4+ X
X
X
XX
X 4X
XX
X
XX
R
MdXX
XX
X
X
Fi*j_XX
X
XX AH .X
X X
X
XX
X
AL )XX
X
XX
X
X*00 X
X
X XX
X
XX
X
XJ )M4+.XX
X
X
XX
X
X (X X
X
X
XX
X
XFT 4 XX
XX
X
XX BIOS X
X X
X
X
XX
X
XQ16H X X
X
XX
X
XX
!IJ
-44G- 256 345+ .F J U ^_\

2 bD

>
3 bD
4 bD

5 bD
 / BIOS '(16H !> #

B )@ A? 00H # .
)X
X
X
XX
X
X
XX
X
*bX X
X
XX
X
XX
X
G V X X
X
XX
X
X
XX X
X
X
XX
X
XXX
] ri
X
XX
X
XX
X
X
X*16H XX
XX
X
X
XX
X
!IJ }4X X
X
XX
X
X
XX 4XX
X
X
XX
X
XX
R
M
r0XX
X
XX )M4+.X
X
XX
X (X X
X
XX
FT /X
XX
X
XX0^XX
XX
X X
X
XX
X
\R dXX
X
X
X*
_ ?+
XX
X
XXi X
X
X*BUFFER X
X
X X
XX
X
( FT /0 J -bM0?h%8bP Ls+ F?+ oL*BUFFER tF]

B )@ A? 01H # .
,XX
X
X
X@ S .X X
X
X
XA X
X
X
XX
+ X X
XX
X
K X X
XX
X X
XX
X
X -C X
XX
X
XJ [XX
XX
X
XA X X
X
X
X+ _X
XX
X
X̀ 3XX
X
XX
J
3kX
XX
X
XX
M0?+
X
XX BUFFER X
X
X X
XX
X,X X
X
X
XV XX
X
X
X V_XXX
X
X ?+X
XXg 00H A X
X
X XX
X
X
+ pX X
XX
X
X
@M/X X
X
XX
X
QM
4X
XX
X
X .X
XX
X
X X
XX
X
X] ri
XX
X
X*E ZEROFLAGB :X
X XX
X
XX
+ ?X
X
X
XX
X
QMSXX
XX
X
X I,X XX
X
X
M( X XX
X
XFT
/XX
X
X
XX
X
XMAL,AH ,X
Q X
X
XX
X
X X X
X
XX
X
X] X X
X
X
XX
X .XX
X
XX
X
X
]! X X
X
XX
X
X )X X
XX
X
X
XX
* V X XX
X
X
XX 4XXX
X
XX
X
G g
dU6N ? _ Y+ ,M Q
!

B<= . )@ A? 02H # .
zXX
X
XX
X ?@ +
XX
X
XX X X
XX
X X X
X
X
X -C X X
X
X
XJ3XXX
X
XJ XX
X
X
X\* XX
X
XXQ
+5 XX
X
X
X\ A XX
XX
X
+ _X
XX
X
X
\
4X
X
X! AL .X
X
X X
X
X
X )X X
XX
X
X*XX
XX
X "!X X
X
X
X 4XX
X
XXF AH .XX
XX
X )XX
X*02H A[X
X
X X
X
XX
X
F
4X
X
XX .XX
XX"!;X X
XX)XXX
X
X
*zX X
X
X
XK tX X
X
X
XT X X
XX
] r0%X X
X
X
K T X
X
XX /X
X
X
XX
QM CM4+X
X
XXg
TSR ( X X
XX
X)XX
XX
X
X*4X
XX
X
X _X X
XX
X̀ X
XX
X
X "!X XX
X
X X X
X
XXQM# 6[XX
X
XXALT YX
X X
X
XX
+ i X
X
XX
X
*
L + € )+

1- F
E 01H-11H A + CM4+ 4R
M! ( bB
 / KEYP.PAS & C K!
;X
X
XX
XXX
X
X
X u/X
X
X
XX
X
QMv X
X
XX
X
! X
X
XX
X
\*3X
X
XX
X
\ ,X
X
XX
Xb4X
X
XX
X
!( X
X
XX
X
FT _X
X
XX
X̀ 3X
X
XX
X
J
1 /R

INSERT , CAPSLOCK , NUMLOCK

bX X
X
X
Xb/X
XX
X
XX
Q
M X X
X
XXg X
XX
X
X WXT X
\F XX
X
X XXX
X
X X
X
XX
X )X
X
X
XX
X
*?X
X
X
XX
X
\ _XX
X
X
X̀
^_X
X
XX
X
X
\) XXX
X
X
X AXX
X
X
XX
N X
X
XX
X
X
*! X X
X
X
XX
RR
@ g)XX
X
X
X+ AT X
X X
X
X
XX X X
X
XX
X )XXX
X
X
XX
*XX
X
X
XX]

X
XX
X
XX
‚\ ?+
XX
X
XX 02H A X
X X
XX
X
X+ UX
X
X
XX
X
X X X
X
XX
X "!X
XX
X
XX -C XX
X
XX
X
J( XX
X
X
XX
FT 3XX
X
XX
X
J
X
X
XX
\+ AXXX
XSXX
X
X
X*++ ;X XX
X/X
X
X
XX
QMX
X
XX̀ 6 XX
X
X
+T ^_X
XX
X̀ X
X
XX 9X
XX
X
XD 3kX
X
X
XX
M }kX
X
X
XX
h

X
X
XX
X
X
XX X X
X
X
XX
X
X -C X X
X
X
XX
X
XJ( XX
X
XX
X
XX
FT 3XXX
X
XX
X
XJX
XX
X
XX
X
X\ ^_XX
X
XX
X
XX̀ /X
XX
X
X
XX
X0 *X
X
XX
X
XX
X
NP
)X
X
X
XX* BUFFER X XX
X
X)X X
XX
X
*V XX
XX
X bX X
X
XX
G €X X
X
XX*?+X
X
X
XXzXX
XX 01H A X
X XX
X
X+ 345+X
XX
X
X
jX
X
X
XXr 4X
X
XX4G,XX
XXX X
X
X "!X X
XX€ X XX
X( XX
X
X
FT % /X XX
X
X0nX X
X
XJ^bX X
X
X
G 34X X
XX
MX X
XX
)X
X
X
XX
XX
*-XX
X
X
XX8W -XXX
X
X
XU5 X X
XX
X
X ;X XX
X
X
X/XXX
X
XX
X
QM X X
XX
X
X6+ XX
XX
XX
] LXXX
X
X
X\lP XX
XX
X
XJ
Q ,X X
X
XX
X
N
/X
X
X
X
XX256 ( X X
X
XX
FT f [ X X
X
XXzX
X
XX
X
X !X X
X
X
X X
X
XX
X - X XX
X
X€ X X
XX
X*)XX
X
XX
X̀ ( XX
X
X
XFT
A Y+ bG )M4+ . A + 3kMP- ;
)X
X
X
X
XX
X
* X
X
X
XX
XQ,` X
X
X
XX
XAX
X
X
XX
X
N XX
X
X
XX
\s ( X
X
X
XX
X
FTQ_X
X
X
XX
XR) XX
X
X
XX
+ @;X
X
XX
X
X)X
X
X
XX
X
X
*
; /QMdN M € F + ] F@0 Q ! R n

2- F
….\PROGRAMS\C 4Q )*bG ( FT 1 c <
TYPMC.C 1 fQ
/PROGRAM\PAS 4Q )*%@ T 6QbG dF ]
KEYP.PAS fQ

'
 / BIOS '() D # K#
pR
XX
X
XXX! 10H
X
X , 11H, 12H 3X
X
XX
DLW AXX
XX + ^_X
X
XX̀ V X
X
XX
!
00H , 01H , 02H A + d ! _ ~ QW
?+
XX
X
X)X
XX
X
X
+ - ;X
X
XX, [X
X
X
XX
+X\ sF 00H, 01H
X
X
X AX
XX
X + ,XX
X
X$ XX
X
X
X
XX
X
X
X6 X
XX
X
X
X X
X
XX
X
X X
X
X
XX
X AX
X
X
XX
X +| X
X
X
XX
X
8 @;X
X
X
XX
XSXX
XX
X
X
TU _X
X
XX
X
X̀ XX
X
XX
X
\MGL0
XT )*-bG
,X
XM12H
X
X AXXX
X
+ fXXX
X
XQ
+5 X X
XX̀ asF10H , 11H AXX
X
X+ X X
XX
h
"!;XX
X
XV X X
X
X
! X X
X
XQ+
5 X X
X
XQ ! 4XX
X
X! 4X
XX
X4 A X
X
XX
+* X
X
XX
!G X
X
X
X+ R )XXX
X
X*02H
X
X
XX
Xl X
XX
X
XQ) X XX
X
X AX X
X
X
XN ,X XX
X
X
M X X
X
XXQ! /X
X
X
XX
X
QM XX
X
X
X+ AX X
XX
X X
X
XX
X
XX
X
X
X̀ƒ Jg )X
XX
X
X+ )X X
XX
X
R L.X X
XX ALT , CTRL X
X X
X
XX /XX
XX
X0 *X
X
XX
X
NP
? 4J "!

3- F

+b9

BIOS X
XX
X
XXA XX
XX
X
X345+
XX
X
XX
X X
X
XX
X
X X X
X
XX
X -C X X
X
XXX
J( X X
XX
X
X
FT _X X
X
X
XX̀ 3XX
XX
X
X
J
,X
XX
X
XX 84X
XX
X
X
X V X X
X
X
XXQ XX
X
XQJ SCAN X
X
X X
XX ASCII X
X
X X
X
X
XX- X X
XX
X
Xv X X
X
XM E 10HB
X
X
X
X
XX
X
XM X
X
XX
X
XGL5 XX
XX
X
XQ X
XX
X
X
XQJ - ;XX
X
XX
Xv X X
X
XX
X
! X X
X
X
XX
\*y X XX
X
X
X X X
X
X
XX
MF_II /QM-*+
AX
X
X
XX !X
X
X
XX BIOS XX
X
X
XAX
X
X
XX XXX
X
XF
LJ I.X X
XX
XT 345+
.XX
X
X
XQ,XX
X
X
X@ zXX
X
XX
YXX
X
XX
X
+ Z6[X
X
X
XX
X
X345+
.XX
X
X
XX 3X
X
XX
X
XJ/X
X
X
XX
X
X+ _X
X
XX
X
XR+ _X
XX
X
X
X̀ + .XX
X
XX
X X X
X
X
XXb! AX
X
XX
X
X+
ESC
 4- F

„ 1 2 3 4„ b! VL QSCAN ASCII - \s S . @;

) + /Q
M ! VL

….\PROGRAMS\C 4Q )*bG ( FT 1 c <

MF2C.C 1 fQ

+ BIOS - . &% d 45

X
X
X
XX
X
X X X
X
X
XX
X -Lb0 X
X
X
XX
X
XG ,X
X
X
XX
X
X XX
X
XX
X
X6+ )FX
X
X
XX
X
Xh X X
X
X
XX
X XX
XX
X
X
X jX X
XX
X
X
XQ
X
X
X
XX
X AXX
X
X
XX E 09H XX
XX
X
X!IJ B X
X
X
XX
X X XX
X
XX X X
X
X
XX!IJ ( X
X
X
XX
X
! ,XX
XX
X
X%:X X
X
X
XXg
E 16H !IJ B BIOS
X
XX
XM X
X
XX
JI XX
X
X6 )X
X
X
X+ TSR X
X X
XX( X X
X
XXX
X
XG ,X
X
XX-4X
X
XX g X
X
XX+ ^_X
X
XX̀
X
X
XX
X! X X
XX
X
DI4X
X
XX
X ,X XX
X
X
@ X X
XX
Xb! ( X
X
XX
X
T /X
XX
X
XX
+y X X
X
X
X X X
X
X
X XXX
X
X
!IJ
g + ^_`
X
X
XX
X tX
X
X
XX
X1 X
X
XX
X6+ ^_X
X
XX
X̀ ,X
X
XX
X,M X
X
XX
X
FAX
X
XX
XJT
.XX
X
X
Xf …
XX
X
X
X+ 345+
.XX
X
X
X 0
! t

&
XX
X
X
XX- X
X
XX
X
X %XX
X
X
XX
8b04X
XX
X
X
XR
M345+.X
X
XX
X
X tXX
XX
X
XXT X
X
XX̀ E 19HB X
X
X XX
X
X
X uP XXX
X
X
XR
M
3XX
X
X
XD
LW X X
X
X
X Z6XXX
X
XN ?+
XX
X
XX 4X
X
XX
X
R!* X
X
XX
XD X X
XX Q ALT YX
X XX
X
X
+ AXXASCII
X
X
X
t T _`)* 84 b@ n5
X
X
X
XX
X
XaJ , X
X
X
XX
X
XN Q.X
X
X
XXBIOS X
X
X X
X
XX
X
X X
X
X
XX
X
X X
X
X
XX
X
X X
X
X
XX
X
X!IJ g X
X
X
XX
X
X+
1 +

6 bD

1 BUFFER

1AH,1CH,1EH XX
X
X
XX
X
XX
X uP , XX
X
XX
X
XX
X
XR
M)X X
X
X
XX
X
XX
X
X
Q)X
X
X
XX
X
XX
X
XX
+ X
X
XX
XX
X
XX
X
hkK g XX
X
X
XX
X
XX
X+
X
X
XX
X
!IJ B X X
XX
X XXX
X
X X X
X
X
X!IJ ( XX
X
X
X! zX X
X
X
XX X
XX
X
X X X
XX
X .X
XX
X
X 4X X
X
X
X
345+X
X
XX
X
X X
XX
X
XX
\C D X X
X
XX
X
JTU+
Q,XX
X
XX
X
@ zX XX
X
X
XX YXX
X
XX
X
+ X X
XX
X
X
] U6XX
X
X
XX
N nXXX
X
X5 E 09H
X
(16H) BIOS !IJ
345+
.XX
X
X
XX
X
X _X
X
XX
X
XX
Xy )X
X
X
XX
X
XX
X
JQ buffer X
X
XX
X
XX
X
] )X
X
X
XX
X
XX
X
RT X
X
XX
X
XX
X XXX
XX
X
XX buffer
tD p RdR \C D buffer /0VL +
@
buffer X
X
XX
X _X
X
XX
X̀ )X
XX
X
X
X*VLX
X
XX
X ,nXX
X
X
X5+ XX
X
XX
J I [XX
XX
XX
*tXX
X
XX
X
F] XXX
X
X4T )X
X
XX
X
X*
)X
XX
X
XX
*)FX X
X
X
XKV X X
X
XX % W AXX
X
X
XD )XX
X
X
XX
*% W V XX
XX
X B Q .XX
X
XX
Q.+ XX
X
X
XJ U )X X
X
X
XX̀
dX
X
X
XX
!D ,X XX
X
X/ X X
X
XX%W V XX
X
X
X -C XXX
X
X
D?+X
XX
X
X 4XX
X
XX
!T*E _XX
X
X
X@` )FXX
X
XX
K AX
XX
X
X
D
7 8W VL J u0?+ % W
g kXX
X
XXMnXXX
XR X
XX
X
\Fg04XX
X
XG @;X X
X
XX X
X
X! X X
XX
J U ^_X X
X
X̀ ,X X
X
X?o X X
X
X/XXX
X
XQ
M
9X X
X
XXy XXX
X
XV XXX
X
X X X
X
X
X\* XXX
X
XJ-X X
X
XX XX
XX
X
] )XX
X
X
X*dX
XX
X
XF
W( XX
XX
X
!Q T .XX
X
X
XR dXX
X
X
XXXX
X
XG
buffer X
X
XX
X
X345+.XX
X
XX
X j_XX
XXy buffer X
X
X XX
X
XX)XXX
X
X
XX
*7 X X
X
XX
X
8W VLX X
X
X
XX X XX
X
X
X]{X X
X
XX
X+
)X X
XX
X
X
+V X X
XX
X
X dX X
X
XX
X
R JX X
X
XX
X _X X
XX
X
XAX X
X
X
XX
D /X X
XX
X
XX0 ;XX
X
X
XX% W 1 X XX
X
XXm )XX
X
X
XX
X
JQ
^_X
X
XX
X
\ 4X X
XX
X4 ) X X
X
XX
+V X X
X
XX dX XX
X
X*9+ @XX
X
XX _X X
XX
X X X
X
XX
@ /X X
XX
X
X0 ;XX
XX
X)FXX
XX
X
K
buffer Q Q84 + , g4 m { + + JU

2
 .X
X
XX
X
XX X
X
XX
X
XX4 /X
X
X
XX
X
XX0 X
X
XX
X
XXm _X
X
XX
X
XX̀ ,X
X
XX
X
XXkX
X
XX
X
X
XX
] ;X X
X
X
XX
XXX
XX
X
X
X4T )X
X
X
XX
X
XX
*
V +
] -C D ] A d+\F^ ] +
/X
X
X
XX
X0X
X
XX
X\bM0?+
+X
XX buffer X
X
X X
XX
XXX
X
X
X\F/X
X
X
XX
X0 X
X
XX
Xm kX
X
X
XX
X
] :X
X
X
XX
X 4XX
XX
X
RM
buffer 4
Q buffer ? )O
)J a4 m ] ,

buffer , J _ )+ V u0 R M v + * 1b9
buffer \F^ ,+ m { +dC D?+ E 1AH B `

5- F

)X X
X
X
X+ AX
XX
X
X
D /X X
XX
X
X0 ;X X
X
XX _X
XXE1CHB X
X
X X
XX
Xm AX X
XX
XC);X X
XXXpX X
X
X
XXF}4XXX
X
X
)X
XX
X
X* n5X X
X
X X X
X
XX
8eYX X
XX
+ 345+.XX
X
X Z6X
X
X
XX
N ri X
X*buffer X
X
X X
X
X)X X
X
X
X*X X
XX8W V X
XX
XQ
4X
X
XX
DtXX
XX
X
F] riX
X
X*buffer X
X X
XXX X
X
X\F^XXX
X ,+X XX
XX X
XXm { X X
X
X+_X X
X
Xa
4RMAX X
X
X
D _X X
X
X̀
b!X X
X
X
XX `4XX
X
XX
X
RMbuffer X
XX
X
XX,XX
X
XXword X
X X
XX
X
X8e)XX
X
XX
X
X*-4X
X
XX
XX4GYX X
XX
X
X
+ U6X X
X
X
XX
N tX
X
X
XX
X
X
Fn8
buffer 4 /0 ; m
y X
X
XX
X
XX X
X
XX
X
XX buffer )X
X
X
XX
X
XX
* nX
X
XX
X
XX
5 ,+X
X
XX
X
XXcX
X
XX
X
XX
+ V X
X
XX
X
XX X
XX
X
X
XX
]„ r
SCAN CODE Q)FK ASCII CODE Q% W t T
b4X
X
XX
X
XX+)X
X
X
XX
X
XX
+ dX
X
XX
X
XX
+ ,X
X
XX
X
XTbuffer X
X X
XX
X
XX _X
X
XX
X
XX̀ X
X
XX
X
XXm ,X
X
XX
X
XXX
XX
XX
X
X
Dk!
1 , + ,I ;

†L* . )R! _`y J p F, m k@ ] r •

C)Q m )R
! _`y 4T m @ p F 6; % \R m ] r •

<
„ r y d* n5 ,+ c+ V ] 32byte buffer , [+
b] G , y b! ASCII V G , _`V 16 ,n5 buffer Q,@
V b] W E0B JQ „ . ASCII CODE @ !
S k t T )* @ )Q !

+- . buffer '

XX
X
XX
X
X] E1EH B X
X
XX
X
XX ug XX
X
X
XX
X
RM)X
X
X
XX
X
XX
* X X
X
X
XX
X XX
X
XX buffer AX
X
X X
XX
X
XX
N +
AX
X
XX
X
D ?XX
XX
X
X k! X X
XX
X X X
X
X
Xm *y X X
XXQE2
XJ buffersB ? :X
X
X
XX
X9TX
X
XX
X _X
XX
X
X̀
G 4RM 6+ buffer

NOKEY.C +b9

AXX
XX345+
.XX y BIOS
X
X X
X
XX g X X
X
X+ XX
X
X! X
X
XX ] ,X
X
XX
T( X
X
XX
FT _X
X
XX̀
XX buffer
X
X
X 7XXX
XX
+ fXX
X
X
XXsR
+ X X
X
X
X W X X
X
X
X X X
X
X
X X X
X
X
X T 4XXX
X
XG3X
X
XX
X̀

X
X
X
XX
X
X‚\ X
X
XX
X
X
XQ V_X X
X
XX
X
X 345+.X
XX
X
X
XX %XX
X
X
XX
X W cXX
XX
X
XX
+ jXX
XX
X
XX F X X
X
XX
X
X
] r
buffer )X
XX
X
X*X
XX
X
Fn5 -b:X XX
X
XJ XX
X
XoYXX
XX
+ U6X
X
XX
N X X
X
X 4X
XX
X g tX
X
X
XX
F| X X
X
XD
W
jX
XX
X
XX
X
XQ XX
X
X
XX
X
TD4X
XX
X
XX
X
T jX X
X
XX
X
X
X F T 5XX
X
XX
X
X ‡IX
X
X
XX
X
XX
5 YX X
X
XX
X
X
+ y X X
X
XX
X
X X X
X
X
XX
X
! 4]O+ H * 345+.
y _X
X
XX
X̀ X
X
XX
X
G ,X
X
XX
XXX
X
X
X! jX
X
X
XQ g BIOS X
X
X X
XX
X X
X
XX
X X
X
XX
X X X
X
X
X!IJ XX
X
XX
v 6 ) 345+. T D, V ! ( FT _`„ r

6- F

buffer X
X
X
XX/J
TXX
X
XXV X X
X
XX %X X
XX
X8b0?+
X
XX
X
X?X
X
XX
X
Xr0( X XX
XX
FT _XXX
X
X̀ _X
X
X
XXRCXX
XX
X
Rh
-LXX
X
XT
! 9+ @+
XX 1 /X
X
X X
XX010 ,X
X X
XXX XX
XuRb4X X
X
XMW X X
X
X+ ] ,XX
XXCXX
X
X\+F
g 4X
X
XX
! y XX
XX
oL*
„ characters in keyboard buffer : <None>„ @; N

=
buffer X
X
XX)X
X
X
XX
*YX
X
XX
+ _XX
X
X̀ n5X
X
XX _X
X
XXR
+ CX
XX
X
RhYX
XX
X
+ Z6X
XX
X
N XX
XXXX
XX
1 N ` ] ; /Q M J. b4MW +
] , C\+
Fg 4! \s

7- F
….\PROGRAMS\C 4Q )*bG ( FT 1 c <
NOKEY.C 1 fQ

/ !> 5& C ,
1 kK JT
U+ 45+g , 44! \ !IJ 48 ( 0

EKB BufferB ; U -] _ ? 6+ G M•
4R
-] _ )* J ( CR R H8 -b D( AR
: G M•
4R
TSR

) J !IJ ? 45 ( F %4T+ 3J FR
Fi* TQU+ ^_` K SJ+) +
):5; 9 "kD M BIOS 9
04 4R )*) W "kD P ( F dT:R _
, F R! C _ R
+ 3J
+R !RH , ( T ^_` !IJ 48 ( %4T + 3J Fz
( T ^_\ J* !IJ ^_`} 4 4R
M `b4 F

B 16H ET
Q: B 09H ,+!IJ A !+ J RL ]
9 7M b +
M0\U;R \Q! ?+( +
@ 3JQ) + E T
jr/Q M, K : _` ,+!IJ , `A !+
F

>
 16H !> *+E F ,K$

dFi
* !IJ 48 ( F M )*%4! b tR ] r0dF J RQ ]
dF@ | 5 j F %k 0?h, )Q HW !IJ 48 ( F /Q M Ck+P jQ M
%4T Q16H
+g kK \R fal , 44! 3 J !IJQ T .R 345+
. J U ^_`
)*) + 10H,11H,12H K4 fal \k J 00H,01H,02H fal _ R
-44 45 _ R?+ J 4J 45 _ R,M N M?+00H l QCM4+ ]
)+ MF-II " R , K4 /0% H F@0 R 34J )+
F11, F12 K , " R _`)* *N0LLuˆ +P R, m

/ EG
dF TSR " F, A + 6Q 6H ( F ,M-LT M `R `d4J
F _ %K 0
J
UR )*-] _ ( FT /0dQ ?+- % W^_ R +3J 4RM-] _ )*? J ( F
bL 4R
ME ^_ RB dU;R?+( FT _` yj R
` J
+. /JT, !T I \R R!
Z6[ 74INFORMATIC FACULTY QGL\l0)`%K ^_` \ !IJ
ALT+N 9] /Q M

D !> 5& C ,K,

74 ^_ R?+-] _ )*? J ( F _ R/Q
M J RQ@ ] R`%K -@*4+ !
4! 16H !IJ 48 ( F 4! \ R ) + 16H !IJ CM4+
L\li3J ] ,M -LT MR `)`)+ `_ R+9o F, F)+ L W _R dQM L.
,! 9] /Q MZ6[ 74 -LT M

-n .a
L +
] kh, %K f +

] \5 _R _ -] _ )*d![F bF _ ( FT ‰
44G MUJ 48 ( FT ? 4J !IJ 48 ( F %4T
+ 3J _ ?.J ‰
/Q
MW )* ` _
? 4J ( FT -bM0 44 !IJ 48 ( F 9 :R C6i 3J _ ?.J ‰
!IJQ

R\ ,@ y \Q: + @ R
`p 7 8 9+
] )* T
] @; : ^]rST 0
44 MUJ 48 ( F ` % W ?.J `

jR `,@ ? 0? 4J !IJ 48 ( F _ R +F-bMi I.T3J ( FT _`

? 4J !IJ 48 ( F _Rz ALT+N )` s+ R
F, F _ L:+ 8• Z6N
_ R?+ `4R
M ` s+F)+ L:+8 bL % )* 6 }4 F? R F ]
? 4J !IJ 48 ( F u0p R `)` R+\ ) + yd+N _ 44 ) F
1 + U5 ?+ 4!+ _` `_ R 4! ZJ
*F 0 Q ]

? 4J !IJ 48 ( F 4 R
M,n5 ‰
 ! , 16H R
!IJQ? 4J R `)`)+ !IJ "! m7+ 6‰
!IJ 48 ( F 9 :R QM)`^_`B ) F d*bG RM/0
, ) F , d4!+ )F
O*? 4J !IJ 48 ( F d*)RnQ - ] )*‰
/ W -U5 )*d+
Fn8 _ R! %k8

1 ) + )J
*4+ ZU5 ,T !IJ 45 44 ( FT H Š

HIJKHL 0

MN O N PQ MN O
qjm eR
N

ZIHW [O MN O N RS MN O
eR
\\\\] N

qjm
qjm
TUVVRVW KHLIQQXYL
^IUW T]UQ _` aUVVKHb PVW
KHLIQQXYL
ZIHW [O
\\\\]

qjm

eR Mc O O BMVLd ^IUW T]UQ _`aUVVKHb

e? PVW KHLIQQXYL

qjm

Mc O O BMVLd
f gbPhgO f gbgLUQL eR
e?

qjm
eR eR
Ml O Tmd nf gbPhgo
f gbPhgO f gbgLUQL

MN O N

Ml O Tmd nf gbPhgo

ieT f gbPhg

MN O N

\lMp O

jek
iHLIQQXYL

1-, F
Enewint16B 16H !IJ 4T \+
*N0?+ )+ -44 !IJQ)J
*4+ ZU5
….\PROGRAMS\ASM 4Q )*bG ( FT 1 c <
MACROKEY.ASM 1 fQ
 / r sr
7 !> <= . !
A !+
F 9 R F
i* !+Q7 +
. /Fb 4R
M A !+ bF 4RM
- #J + 3J !I J 48 ( F + @ 3J FV jr/Q M %K 09H !IJ
( FT _` ^J F?+ Y+ @ ; /Q M \N M - T , .
@ BREAKE MAKE \ .J . - ) \s dF i *,+
JU !
Ln 4R
M)FK Ln /Q
MZ6[ 4R M-4 , v M?+ V

+ b9

LLu , Lu @ . - v !+ 3J ( F ,M -LTM `) %K 0
2 B bJ ; #J
+ /Q
Mt:R+ , ( FT _`jR @ z
EByte Make & Break Code

+ LT ( FT _\ L F R
R@ dF
i* WL %k8 , ( FT _` _ R 4R
M
R
F*g0 Make - v !+ ZJ
i *4 FR
F( FT T5F)@ jr /r /R ) +
Break Make , ] v ! 9o F

? 45+ dT
:R R _ 44 !IJ 48 ( F ` _` RK ( FT ).a ?.J 0
?+ - ] )*_R ?.J _` ) + T
Q: !IJ 09H !IJ
1 )` N Š d+\ T
H )+ /Q
MLu Z6N

, Break Make ) %T
J+ 44!IJ ( F 3J ‰
60H _R /Q M
44 !IJ ( F T D, `n ?+ + Dm -] r)* Q
TJ
+. ; ,n5 ‰
-] _ \T -] _ ^_` SCANBUF % + \+4 /0 ; )+
?@ + ?+ ab)`-] _ yBIOS `n )+ + D
m
SCANNEXT ` , m %k8 , \R ‹ + ,n5+
SCANLAST
!IJ 48 ( F -bR ?+-] _ )*- ; ,n5 J. -U5 C G04! ‰
44 !IJ 48 ( F 4 )*d+4 R M ,n5+ RD _ ? 4J 09H
/QMRs* RF
P7 8Š ( T )DTLN h O }4 , 44 R F ) +
? 4D‡ ]

3J L @ JQ d*4G bM( F ,M-LT M \*%K ( F , 8Š ?.J

,+l %k8 , BIOS H5 Q+D
m U -] _ -C J
JQ .] ?+Enter V -C D? % )*16H !IJQ,+! + 00H 01H
`n , FRD)+ U -] _ -C D?+dF
i*g0 - T ( FT , c 5
-] _ , \*
_ 3J 4! ; /Q M - T \N ! . ? 45+
K
] : @; ^F]r N ) + )J *4+ ZU5
 km d n o OO t^
R^
km dn o OO tQ

MllmTMe O
eR

mSR^j Rlk ieSj^^uvS NMeklj^

iemSMll ejw xjqyRM^k NMeklj^

SIgLxI`_PUQW yXhhIQ
MN O N
ieS 0N

im xI`yPUQW
^IUW`

qjm

SIgLxI`_PUQW yXhhIQ
MN O N ,-.
ieS 0N

*+

MN OO z ,-.

-/0
eR 12343256

kiO gaUHHI{L

kiOO gaUHVUgL
yXhhIQ Kgjf YL`

eR

kKgYVU`gaUH aPWIKH WIaKf UVhPQf UL

kKgYVU`gaUH aPWIKH NI{WIaKf UVhPQf UL

kiO kid

kiOO maUHjHW

qjm

*+
kiO maUHyu\

maUHeI{LO ki

1-! F

I 6[ ,n5 4! Q . - v M( F

'
 2-! F
K09H &% /0 1
2( Z ([IV ^5
5 )5 ]2 e )%*5 f8

….\PROGRAMS\ASM 4Q )*bG ( FT 1 c <

GETSCAN.ASM 1 fQ
 / r <= . #
_` ):5; 9 3sFA ZT Q J
+. -4 ,M -LT M )` 0
d ?@ + _` ?Q !F ] \ | 8 6H ?@ + %k8 , \Lb0?+ Q
J+
. -4
9 3sFLT
8 )` 6: ?@ + _` \ d H 5 dk . H 5 d ]r
LLu 4 /Q M JR `}4 _`AT U )*,! }4 } 4 ):5;
y dQ
M Z6[ ? _ LnQ . - % L0%k8 , ?+ \ ^_`
/QM# 6[ Ln AD b4 )+ )`^_` . - ^

)Q.Q.+ %: P 3sF%k8 , ?+ ):5; 9 3sFA %: 0

)U8 4 345+. z %T J+g % L• ^ g )aRh%: )U8 345+ )R n+
345+. 8Š Z5 R )Q .Q. @; 8Š CL t U! % LP%TJ+g % Lg
,M -LTM ` _ ] t % L0?+ % L QM ] )* % L• , n M.]
D
W tT `% W tT @ t t d L0?+t T _` z ?Q !F ] . -
4T t € t fD+ tTt T _`$*L0?+ `

K 8 hZ([\i 4Zbit$$ @ P Y
5Zb g: \F )*F 2 Block ) 5(D

1 sk

g 3 G utF] % )* +
T b4M9 /Q
M3J€ t

)+ PC XT 9 H5 , $ *j R ` V !F 9 ]
PC AT 9 H5 , Intel 8048 " R r @ + 345+.
] K
] Q ^_`)* + H z 8042
45 t T @ + 345+
. )+
4J! K] T H ):5; 9 A \:

%8bP ^_` %: P QM i
*, T] , F R\ )+ T R,
1, T ^_`f O
+ -b4 , R M U ] r%k8 , ?+c 8P

Status Register . ‰
Input Buffer %8b0-] r‰
Output Bufferc 80-] r‰

1 U! , )Q J
R345. ] _ ^_`

Make & Break \J

; . - LuL u L •
,M \*! ):5; 9 3sFc+ )+ Q
! U! •

60H _R %k8 , T ^_`A !+ ,@

&
60H , + , R
! k] %k8 , Input Buffer %8bP -] rA !+ F ,@
J U p R,+ T , `%k8 , ^_`%8bP -] r)* + @ ?+z 64H T
+
@ 7 8W T 60H ?@ + ?@ + Q
! + @ `4 045+
. ,@
64H R
! /QM /0 U!

3bD `Input Buffer )* Š dT

+@F O n ,@ f ] ,@
)*,T . )*z K t %k8 , n + _`?+ w64H H&> R
!,
1 ) + @;

+ -C D%k8 , 64H
+ T /Q M U! € a GW ^_`3Jz
-44G U! %T J+g -4!+
. oL* T tF] % )* L @+ @; .
%k8 , /0t T % H € *?+ ?h, ?@ + t % L0?+ `4R !*
J @ 9 * GF% LP ] % )*64H T /Q
M . -C D
9 )+ O U8 bG )R ! jr i*^_` o D 0FAH )` . -ƒ J
\* :F7W07 8 - ! L @ ?+ t % LP Y+ CU8W Π`b4M | J F
0
% LP i *g0 % LP QM C60?+ `4R M % L• Y+ CU8W Œ ` 34!F /0
Y R? 4D @

1-# F

, %: g QM )* \ L b T
!Q . )*)FK % W ,+T, ] 0
)Q ] \k8 , n+ SJ 9

Output Buffer c 8P -] r ; +Bit0 bDE h

/+ J? Q! ‚ + c 5 -] r @ 1 •Bit0 •
Q
dF
i*-] _ ^_`-C D? % )* Port 60H T
D, Š
- T tT _` : ?+ - T

z .R ,@ % W tT M p F ! ; + Bit1 )19 h
Input Buffer Q T
-] _ ^_`, N ‡ 9+@ AU+. , dF
i* • tT DtF] % )*dF

2
 + Typematic Rate - . (65 d \2 b

/0\ Li):5; 9 3sF3J )+ ?@ + Q

! , 44! , , 0
, T] R\ ,+ Q
! 4G

)+ . b4M y QL @ M %4! b4 _ `% W W
dJT
F Ln /Q
M Z6[F 4R M jr 9 3sF/0 \Q Q ,@
)@ %4! _\ ?@ +Q Š FK )* . - > -bM ‹Q
T + _` I 6[
g0_R, V ^L @ ?+ _ A + z jrZT [ F@0j R ` i
* a ;M @ g
( T %k8 , ^44 ?+b4 )Ru H *4!

J )aR
K ?D L @+ %4! \s ) + % 4 aR
h ; _`L @+ %4! 0
1 \

7 bD

-4MD 4 L @+ %4! J aR K 3D
LW ŽLJ nnM 4J +
! 4D/ W Q̀ Q
)aRK ?D L @+ %4! , Dk! b4 N L D kM -4MDj R
`g y J
T.
tT A )` z K )FK % W ,+ TQ aR
K J v )` d J
1 + D *B )`p 5 A
k! 9. @ L @+ %4! i

Repeat Rate =( 8 + A ) * 2B * 0.00417 * 1 second-1

?@ + RQL 4D @F 4! /0d L0?+ _`L @+ %4! 0

%k8 , \Q F AU+ .F, ,@ 60H _R /0?+ % LP _` E 34HB 9 R
-C D, [+ J F% ] .F 9 y b! OUT )Q
345+ TW Q !
k] /QM% ] T _` M ?+ 9 \h4 34M J R F@0 T +
5
N a GP ^_` R j_ 3J a G09+ @F RQ M) + ,Q ,+T
1 ) + )J
*4+ ZU5

<
 2-# F

/0Byte % L a GPS*
4+ ZU5

=
 / s$ r
G &

/ | } =. E ! 1 EG 0
, 3JFV Q % L0 ] ,M J ^F]r /QM ST
U+]
% L0%k8 , M L @ M + L ZT[ %K _` %k8
ST *F 4G 9. T R ? J

\+l Assembly +@ a G0,M -LT M `( FTQ) W ?. 0

% L a G0,M ^F]r ST S* Q + LTQ% LP Q! 3 J )`
~+@ ( FT , + LT ^_` D +3J R R
F/0 *NP Qt
, + Q?@ + Q ] % Lid+4T3J _ _`)Q T W ( F /0C 6Q
1 ) + )J
*4+ ZU5 N ` ] \ + LT ?h

1-7 F

8O
+ L @ ? DZT
N a GP)J
*4+ ZU5

>
( FT CM4+ 4R
M + LT
] ( FT
Q \ 8b0?+ 8O
+ Y+ L @ D 0
L @+ M . T.R > /+ > , @ 9 ? J ^_` W L , _R +
8+
QT.R /+ > , Y+ Q

….\PROGRAMS\C 4Q )*bG ( FT 1 c <

TYPMC.C 1 fQ

AT ~ • - *r|)}"€ @ •‚ <= . EG 0

+ ]^ ]9

X
XX
X
XX
X - X X
XX
X
X
X /XX
XX
XX
X
XQ
M4XX
XX
X
XX+! X X
X
XX
X
X X XX
X
XX
X )X X
X
XX
X
X
X* a[X X
X
XX
X
X X X
X
X
XX
XaRK 0
X
X
XX
X
XJ
* X
XX
X
XX X X
X
XX
X AX X
X
XX
X9X X
X
X
XX
XR X X
X
X
XX ESET/RESETB X X
XX
X
X
\aI0 \CX XX
X
X
XNP
@;XX
X
XX XX
XQ!+ ^_X
X
XX̀ XX
X
XJ
R 4X ! 0EDH ?DX
X
X
X XX
X)XXX
X
X̀ ^_X
XX
X̀ XX
X
X W- X X
XX X X
X
X\
tXX
X
X
XX XX
X
] X
X
XXaR
K ^_XX
X
X̀ XX
X
X pX X
XX
X
@! tXX
X
XX %XXX
X
H XX
X
X X X
X
X X X
X
X
s+R X XX
X
H
E1B )*C[ )+ \R 4 )aR h K
X
X
XX
X
XD X
X
XX
X
X! CAPSLOCK YXX
X
X
XX
+ XX
X
XX
X! 4X
X
XX
X
X
RMBIOS XX
X
X
XX3X
X
XX
X
X
JkK X
X
XX
X
X*
X
X
XX )X
X
X
XX
*TX
X
XXR X X
X
X
+T X
X
XX
!GAXX
X
XtX
X
X
XXT XX
XX 4XX
X
X .XXX
X)X
X
XX
X
Q8 b?X
X
X
XX
QM
S* )aR K -CNP /04
CAPSLOCK X X
XX
X
XX
X
X
K X X
X
X
XX
X
XX X XX
X
X
XX
X
X 4X X
X
XX
X
X
XX4 +345+.XX
X
X
XX
XX
X 3X X
XX
X
XX
X
X
J-bX X
X
X
XX
X
XX
M
XX
X
X( X X
X
XF C4XX
X
X4XX
XX
R
M)@ X XX
X @;XX
XXXX
XX
\Q! X X
X
X@P ,X X
X
X
@ X X
XX
\QMZ6[XX
XX
X
m.XX
X
X
XX B 3kX
X
X
XX
X
MW AXXX
X
XX
D X
X
X
XX
X X X
XX
X
X
\Q!+345+ .X
XX
X
XX 3kX X
X
X
XX
MP X X
X
XX
XaR
K -CX
X
XX
X
X
N0
Q
:XX
X
XX
XR X X
X
XX
+T BIOS X XX
X
X X X
XX
X6+ XX
XX
X!UD)X
XX
X
X
X*X X
X
XX̀ E X X
XX
XaRK XXX
X
X6 ,XX
X
X
XM
` 6 \. , T : \* * !
^_X
X
X
XX
XR74X
X
X
XX
X3X
X
X
XX
X
J%@X
X
X
XX
X X
X
X
XX
X
6Q( X
X
X
XX
X
FT)D4R
:XX
X
X
XXZXX
X
X
XX
U5 )X
X
X
XX
X
QX XX
X
X
X*
?s+
R @; aR K -CN0 6+
SETFLAG,CLRFLAG X XX
X
XX
X
XX
X
X
XX
X
XX`,+a X
X
XX
X
XX
X
X
XX
X
XX
X
XG0( X
XX
X
X
XX
X
XX
X
X
XX
X
XFT 345+.X
X
XX
X
XX
X
X
XX
X
XX
X
X
OR XX
X
XQMC X
XX
X
G ?+
XX
X
X X XX
XQU X
X
XX X X
XX X X
X
XK tXX
XX
X ,XX
XX
M-LXXX
X
TMX X
X
X\Q
8b
1 @; , % + f !+dQ M : F _ ,` "! A

BIOSTSBYTE : byte absolute $0040:$0017

~Q
U ` ] aR
K 6 ?+16 !IJ CM4+

….\PROGRAMS\C 4Q )*bG ( FT 1 c <

LED.C 1 fQ
 B ! 1r D - ? | s$ ƒ „ E=" 1 … s$ 0
_` \ ] z VGA M A !+ SKTU+ _` u Fi RD4J
%@ g ^_` MT
I ?h, -] _ )* Fn5 nQ
@Fg V %@ 6 `ST U+
BIOS !IJ /QM3+ b +
Mg ( FT ^_` + ]? ] %k8 ,
Z. "kD ( F C;F i RDj_ 6;+ 3sF,M J
+. (F + ], R R@
1 )Q 3J( F /QM +

10H !IJ %k8 , -] _ n5 VL %@ 4!

VGA ?.D74 : + \ R? )+ H l
-] r, /Q
M I 6[ VL -C J3J J
Q )*% 84
0x00H l 0x16H !IJ 345+ jr + D
m
?.D)*R` : + \ R? )+

1 6;+ 3sF,M J
+. "kD
P ( F SJ+ + bW 345+ ? ]

256KB r"kDP "UD( G +| 5 NASM ?G +

9 M )] ` … ] 345+. _ BOCHS )] ( FT
~ UM 34M /QM H ( FT _` /Q M "kDW ( F LT +
8g jr
)JJ 9
QM ,M ( R "kD P (F + . _ Partcopy ( F
@ 345+
/Q
M kK | J /Q M "kD P "UD/Q M S . ?G + G+
\R "kD • S . )] \45+. )+ | D-L H
e, SJ+ QZJ *F 0 -T ] -4a*R `p <><& ( !Q)] (F '
_R + CR
h( FT uL 8

Tools 4Q )*" ; A J
* -L ]_ ( T ^_` 0

1 + U5 3 J 9 T %K _ R Q+ b9 M.
+3 J

+ ) 5( >2W )]Z
J. / jg:kI •
4 [\b9 g 5

arnk/1 4Q + ?D
F D . )* | DAN
1 ) + @; Partcopy ( FT Command Line , _F
…/arbk/1/partcopy arbk 0 200 f0
C 0%J j! _R | J, 9 "kD 4M '
•

+ 5 8 (l % 6*) 4 b</@ b9 g 5 / jg kI •
/tools/boches ) + 4Q %k8 , Bochs )] 9 :R
+?D
)] J a.bxrc fQ 6 ?h,
%k8 , ( FT AQ
 2-7 F

) 4 [\0 1
2 m2/

K) E >2. 2 Vg4 g n FZ 5(l %Z0 1

2 + c<
….\PROGRAMS\ASM 4Q )*bG ( FT 1 c <
ARBK.ASM 1 fQ
 …† 6

/ , "E D ?K$

Table 10-3. Scan Codes Assigned to Keys on the Standard or AT

Keyboard

Key Scan Code

ESCape 1
1234567890-= 2-13
Backspace 14
Tab 15
QWERTYUIOP[] 16-27
ENTER 28
CTRL 29
ASDFGHJKL;'` 30-41
SHIFT (left) 42
\ 43
ZXCVBNM,./ 44-53
SHIFT (right) 54
Print Screen 55
ALT (left) 56
SPACEBAR 57
CAPS LOCK 58
F1 to F10 59-68
NUM LOCK 69
SCROLL LOCK 70
7 8 9 (Numeric keypad) 71-73
gray - 74
4 5 6 (Numeric keypad) 75-77
gray + 78
1 2 3 (Numeric keypad) 79-81

'
 Key Scan Code
0 (Numeric keypad) 82
DELETE 83
SYSTEM REQUEST 84
8 bD
Table 10-4. "Second Codes" for ASCII Code 00h Key Combinations

Key Scan Code

NUL character 3
SHIFT-TAB 15
ALT-Q,W,E,R,T,Y,U,I,O,P 16-25
ALT-A,S,D,F,G,H,J,K,L 30-38
ALT-Z,X,C,V,B,N,M 44-50
F1 to F10 59-68
HOME 71
UP ARROW 72
PAGE UP 73
LEFT ARROW 75
RIGHT ARROW 77
END 79
DOWN ARROW 80
PAGE DOWN 81
INSERT 82
DELETE 83
SHIFT-F1 to F10 84-93
CTRL-F1 to F10 94-103
ALT-F1 to F10 104-113
CTRL-PRINT SCREEN 114
CTRL-LEFT ARROW 115
CTRL-RIGHT ARROW 116
CTRL-END 117
CTRL-PAGE DOWN 118
CTRL-HOME 119
ALT-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0,-,= 120-131
 Key Scan Code
CTRL-PAGE UP 132
F11, F12 133, 134
9 bD

/ } $$3 E=" …r 6
< -1 @;
= -2 @;
-1 @;
' -2 @;
-3 @;
& -4 @;
< -5 @;
= -6 @;
> -7 @;
-1 @;
' -1' @;
-2' @;
2 -1 @;
= -2 @;
> -1& @;
-2& @;

} E D …r 6
> 1% 4G
> 2% 4G
3% 4G
4% 4G
5% 4G
2 6% 4G
< 7% 4G
8% 4G
& 9% 4G

&
 / ) .! #D :
• PC Intern
Copyright 1996 in USA
Abcus.
• ) E O( 3 4 6 2(o 5
4. r+W G
"! Lb
L • 9Q
>>>
• FO 5 c1 6 2 ) Gg '
www.alkhwarmi.com
• O()3 4 [\- . ( 45 0 2([\b 34 '
%@
http://www.bsdg.org/SWAG/KEYBOARD/index.html

KKKKK[ p1 (