The text represents a translated excerpt from the German book:

Already dawn draws near:

Let us make him who shall nourish and sustain us!
....
So, then, let us try to make obedient, respectful beings
who will nourish and sustain us.
Thus, they spoke
..
Of earth, mud, they made flesh.

Popol Vuh

Homo sapiens
Is there anything greater to be clarified than the question of how man came into
being? Nothing less is the goal than to advise that the hitherto considered
unlikely view substitutes the doctrine which is taught in schools and largely
considered proven. To do this is the intention and will be demonstrated in this
chapter with convincing arguments. We will examine the question and propose
an answer: Was it really evolution only that created man, or was there more?
Embedded in the given cultural environment and accepted world view, some
explanations are considered undoubtedly correct. Darwin's theory of evolution
can claim this degree of acceptance in enlightened Europe. To express doubts
about its correctness is banned as heretical. The present teaching is considered
right in every case and thus other thesis representing allegedly crazy ideas are
almost excluded from any serious discussion. 1 It is better to go with the flow to
avoid the modern inquisition - stigmatization and exclusion from discourse as
deniers of the truth. Accordingly, institutionalized research shakes this
foundation of genetics gently at best. Without being dependent on money and
reputation, we feel free to have the courage to think creatively and to question
the alleged finality of the scholarly theory of evolution. Any disapproval we
counter by quoting Galilei's sentence: Eppur si muove! 2 These three words were
supposedly his daring remark after he was forced to renounce the Copernican
world view.
What has shaped our culture and our thinking the most, and solidified the
shadows in Plato's allegory of the cave into truly perceived facts? Neither rulers
nor nations moulded lasting world views, it was philosophy and religion with
their answers to the question of meaning:3 What is the meaning and purpose of
our life? Where do we come from, where are we going? The natural sciences have
joined the traditional cultural leaders mentioned above in classifying some
theories as ultimate. Similar to religion, these theories shape the spirit of the times
through their success and evidence in daily life. This perception and the
accompanying self-confidence of the natural sciences emerged during the 19th
and 20th centuries. This assessment was and is justified by their successes in life-
condition changing results. During this time, theories regarding the
understanding of nature were developed which at their core were empirically
proven and/or mathematically founded. In spite, by time they were extended or

1
https://www.spektrum.de/magazin/darwins-einfluss-auf-das-moderne-weltbild/826771
2
Italian: And it is moving! May Galilei have said upon leaving the Inquisition Court, which
forbade him to teach the Copernican system.
3 Yuval Noah Harari in: Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, Vintage (2014)
modified, but they never became obsolete or required a fundamental revision.
New findings generalized existing theories, were incorporated as extensions into
the previous ones, or pushed the boundaries of the understanding. However, one
problem remains: only facts are final, their interpretation is not. Despite empirical
evidence, to our understanding, the theory of evolution is interpretation and can't
make the claim of final truth for the genesis of man. Surely not wrong, we believe
it to be incomplete in a very critical aspect.
In case of genesis of the Homo sapiens the risk of a revision exists, which does
not cause the present explanatory approach to collapse, but, which is though
more than an extension. The theory of evolution was and is understood as a
counter model to religious and mythical doctrines of creation. The initially fierce,
now silent contradiction on part of religion was inevitable. If one accepts simple
evolution as truth, God and Redemption become dispensable. We will present
facts that will make the pendulum swing a little in the old, pre-Darwin direction.
In a reversal of the historical development of understanding and without making
religious arguments, our factual analysis of the Incarnation, regarding the final
step towards modern man, tends towards an explanatory approach which favors
creation rather than the sole role of evolution.
The Bible reports: God created the world, and He created man according to his
own image. Comparable accounts of a divine act of creation can be found in other
religions and historic cultures. God or gods sculpture man out of ordinary raw
materials. Today's science teaches, the true creator of man is time – by means of
evolution. Steered by selection and environment the creativity of randomness
created man alongside the mosquito and the blue whale.
Those who believe strongly enough in evolution have found their explanation
and regard the question of origin of man as solved. Those who are less convinced
of the power of evolution, or who do not want to find themselves sorted as a
caprice of nature or even prefer God as Creator, doubt - contrary to the spirit of
the times and wise arguments - an explanation which declares evolution to be the
only admissible doctrineIn keeping with the spirit of the times, the crowd of
doubters is diverse in nature and opinion. In addition to conspiracy theorists and
Bible-believing Christians, we also come across with experts whose sceptical
attitude to the plain theory of evolution isn't fed by ignorance. 4 If at all involved,
God appears in their understanding of the origin of man as the guide of
evolution. To consider creation seriously requires, rather than calling for faith or
expressing malaise, audacity and most important (!) solid arguments. We are
confident that we can present such factual evidences.
Creationists and believers with a naive understanding of religion keep the level
of argument flat by renouncing evidence and demanding faith. If, as stated in the
above chapter, religion and cosmology could still make their peace on the subject
of space and time, Christian doctrine categorically can't agree to a godless theory
of evolution. The doctrine of the original sin of all people and the belief in
salvation by Christ excludes this. Unless the Church abandons its most important
dogma and stands without foundation. In short, the doctrine of Redemption
through Jesus Christ and of His Resurrection would become untenable.
Regardless of this theological predicament, an alternative theory to the creation
of man by evolution would be more convincing when based on a foundation
which distinguishes itself from the general discomfort and delusion, and which

4 https://www.was-darwin-nicht-wusste.de/
contains at least as much substance as the teaching of human genesis by
evolution. The idea to lay an alternative foundation instead of evolution, looks
from the view point of an educated scholar like an impossibility, at least it is
considered as weird conspiracy theory. We will expound that this assessment is
at least premature.
The experienced evolutionist smiles at the thought of the intention to prove an
act of creation, and smiles even more about those who are looking for clues,
perhaps even sound arguments for this thesis. The deeply inculcated shadows of
his worldview forbid this thought by principle. Based on written testimonials,
we will discover that reports from the distant past support the theory of creation
more concretely than known and so far, acknowledged. Ancient messages
convey hardly refutable information about the existence of prehistoric genetic
engineering and at the same time report about the creation of man. Without
having to assume an intervention of God in the creation of man, the proof of a
sunken prehistoric high technology suffices for the revision of the taught genesis
of Homo sapiens. We will go beyond circumstantial evidence and justify the
assumption that man came into being as an artificial being created by genetic
engineering. In fact, we will substantiate our point of view with hard-to-deny
evidence from prehistoric sources, which enhance the thesis of creation from the
status of absurdity to almost the level of proof. The critics' usual argument that
prehistoric news is not or at least not sufficiently fact-based, but wild speculation,
does not apply to the evidence presented. The messages, which we are going to
employ to substantiate our thesis, are very old and concrete. In terms of content,
they are profoundly scientific and decisive for a proof; they have been handed
down in writing. Analyzing the reports with indispensable expertise and
applying the appropriate explanatory approach adopted, the documents reveal
a breath-taking technical knowledge. Although because of multiple copying
during times of lost knowledge has alienated the original news and blurred
quality of the more professional composition of the original writings, the
message is preserved clearly. Consequently, our postulate of the act of creation
neither rests on scattered quotations nor is it composed of overinterpreted
pictures and questionably interpreted stone reliefs.
The sources used are known for centuries. The messages contained were cryptic
when European conquerors found them, and they have remained cryptic in the
continuation of their initial interpretation. These sources lose their mystery as
soon as we interpret them not as representations of obscure cult acts, but as
scientific descriptions. Taking up the thread of an interpretation resting on a
scientific content, we discover written testimonials, which provide consistent and
scientifically correct descriptions suggesting the non-evolutionary descent of
man.
In order for the non-specialist reader to understand the following explanations,
a brief introduction to genetics and the theory of evolution is included first.
In the past few decades, science has made rapid progress in clarifying how life
functions. Barely fifty years have passed since DNA 5 was recognized as the
carrier of the life code and the storage medium, i.e. the molecular structure of
DNA, was elucidated. After that door was opened to understanding, genetics and
biochemistry steadily increased in importance, which led them to the forefront of

5 DNA short for DeoxyriboNucleicAcid

the scientific scene, and in parallel, biochemistry developed a commercially
significant area paving the way for a large-scale industry.
The genetic program of life, its coding in the DNA, the storage and reading out
of the life-controlling information have been clarified atom by atom down to the
molecular structure. Today the genome of certain plants, animals and even man
is fully known. Life was attributed to the arrangement and interaction of a few
basic building blocks, some of which (nucleotides) serve as information stores
and others (amino acids) as building materials. The chemical similarity of the
DNA of all living beings - from the sequoia to the bacillus - proves the emergence
of all earthly life from a unique primal event. The variability in the chemical
arrangement and the complex interaction of the basic building blocks as well as
the consequent flexibility are prerequisite for the adaptability of life to the
environment and for the competitiveness in struggle for life. All this represents
the core of the theory about evolution. In result and according to Darwinian
understanding by random genetic alterations new species and breeds emerge
evolutionarily. By statistic modification of the genes, evolution optimizes species
for survival in a given environment. In this process of trial and error the
offsprings, who by chance got better adjusted to the environment, gradually alter
the gene pool. The chances of survival and for reproduction for randomly (!)
better adapted offspring are sufficient for evolution, steering the differentiation
of existing and the emergence of new species. According to this understanding
life is not adapted to the environment in a targeted manner, but happens as a
result from random changes. During time the more competitive mutations
occupy new ecological niches or cope better with environmental conditions and
the changes in their niche than previous and competing forms of life did. After a
sufficient number of generations, the gene pool may vary sufficiently that a new
species emerges. The natural, statistical mutation rate drives the dynamics of
adaptation and ensures that there is no halt in the development.
The program according to which a living being functions is stored in the genes.
However, at the beginning of life there was no such program, but it all began
with the building material, the amino acids. Amino acids form the building
blocks of life, but are not life in themselves, as they do not (re) produce life. Only
the later developing program with DNA as a storage medium created complex
organism. The program stored in the genes controls the linking of amino acid
molecules to form proteins, and brings order and sequence to the chaos of
chemical reactions. The read-out of this program builds the right proteins in the
right place, assigning function and assigns appropriate function to them when it
assembles them to form tissue and enzymes. Comparable to a plan that designs
a house out of a pile of stones, the DNA program connects and arranges the
amino acids in oligomeric and polymeric structures, creates organs and skin and
in the end a functioning living being.
With our knowledge of the function of DNA and the function of amino acids we
are far from explaining the true nature of animals or plants. We have completely
left out the development of the macroscopic infrastructure of organs, blood
vessels, bones and cells which in total keep together the body and structures it.
This is one of the great mysteries of the biology of life. The step from the
polymerization of the amino acids to proteins, then to the organ and then to the
living being is not understood. This situation prompts serious scientists 6 to
speculate about morphogenetic fields which act as invisible attractors in the

6 Rupert Sheldrake, ‘The Science Delusion‘, Coronet (20125)

background and are supposed to determine shape and function of developing
organs and bodies.
If the genesis of morphology is a great mystery on large scale, the compaction of
DNA on the molecular scale is just as amazing. The degree of compaction of a
linear DNA chain into a winding is ten to fifty thousand times that. 7 The entropic
force that counteracts ordered compaction instead of a statistically disordered
tangle can only be overcome because histones – 'coils' of proteins around which
the DNA chain winds – folds and knots the DNA chain into superstructures. The
word "miracle" does not adequately capture what is going on at the molecular
level. To invent something similar, even when done one experiment per second,
the age of the universe would not be enough to replicate this miracle of nature.
Despite the many millions of years, it took to develop such complex and self-
replicating molecules, life remains a phenomenon of extreme improbability.
Despite all flexibility of the underlying chemistry - or precisely because of it - all
livings are related to each other. This relationship - at least as far as Earth is
concerned - reflects the improbability of emergence of life. On Earth life arose
only once in the course of a few billion years! From a first chain of amino acids
and a first snippet of DNA grew as diverse as the yeast bacteria and humans.
Even the length of a DNA strand, which measures about two meters in humans
when unrolled, leaves us speechless. And every single one of the 100 trillion (1014)
cells of a human being carries the complete strand inside.8 Proteins differ
fundamentally from DNA and consist of comparatively short chains of
molecules. At most a few thousand amino acid units are linked to one another in
order to build the proteins of today's livings. Compared to the DNA strand with
its billions of molecules, proteins are very, very short.
Even if we ignore the higher life, even then we are facing a big issue. The self-
replication of complicated molecules is the basic requirement for life. Without
order and permanent regulation of function, self-replication alone leads at best
to a cluster of molecules. If we classify morphogenetic fields to the realm of
fiction, the information stored in the DNA must assign shape and function to a
cluster of molecules, and at the next hierarchy level design the cell, finally form
an organ out of a cell cluster. Not only during growth, but also in the mature
state, not all of the DNA in a cell, but only a specific, tiny part of the DNA
becomes functional. Only a specific part of the DNA is read out and relevant to
function in each organ.
DNA must not only steer the formation of organs, but in every cell giant
molecules (enzymes) act as catalytic centers for chemical reactions. All this
happens, according to selected out cell-specific DNA segments which trigger and
control the necessary chemical reactions - and only those. The structure of the
enzymes (see example in Figure K), the cell-specific activation of the DNA
segments and their interaction with enzymes is hardly less complex than the
DNA itself. DNA controls the synthesis of macromolecules, organizes organs to
grow and to switch on and off, brings to bear specific regulators and enzymes for
the necessary interaction of cells. Life existed since this program, which is passed
on from parents to their children, sorted the molecular raw material and linked
its information bytes - codons in the language of biochemistry - amino acids to
form proteins.

7
A sheet of paper, folded to this area size, would be 5 m thick.
8 https://www.spektrum.de/frage/wie-viele-zellen-hat-der-mensch/620672
Life on earth uses twenty (essential) amino acids as the building blocks of
proteins, which are linked function-specifically in an order and length as
determined by the DNA. The morphology of a living being and the structure of
its organs are based on the linkage of these twenty basic molecules. As simple as
the basic structure of the individual molecules (amino acids) is, complexity
prevails in the surrounding chemistry of enzyme structure (macromolecular,
protein-based catalysts) and vitamins, which ensure a proper functioning of the
metabolism. Here rests a gap in understanding which the hypothetical
morphogenetic fields are supposed to fill.
Presumably we don't need such mysterious and invisible morphogenetic fields.
The new branch in bio-research the so-called epigenetics (επι (ancient Greek) =
near, during, after) sheds light into the darkness of the activation or deactivation
(muting) of DNA sections. The new findings indicate that DNA sequences, which
were previously classified as superfluous ballast, play an important role. A
revealing analogy to computer science provides D. A. Sinclair proposing an
expanded explanation of the functioning of a living being and the information
storage, life rests on.9 According to him, DNA takes on the role of digital storage,
while epigenetics hidden in histones and chromatids constitutes a
complementary analog storage. In this analogous memory we encounter
Sheldrake's morphic fields in their concrete form. Accordingly, during growth,
the chromatid which surrounds the DNA differentiates cells and, through
interaction with the digital DNA, assigns to each cell its function during the
lifetime of a being and controls its tasks.
Revolutionary regarding the Darwinian theory of evolution, epigenetics has
proven that DNA is by no means immutable in the course of the life of a plant or
animal, but rather interacts far more dynamically with the environment than was
thought previously. It reacts sensitively on lifestyle and the environment of a
living organism and adjusts it to them. These situation-driven DNA
modifications can affect the germline and this way make such changes
hereditary. We come across with a built-in feedback which according to the pure
doctrine of evolution should not exist.
To a certain extent, each of us forges his own fate and that of his/her children. A
responsibility exists beyond oneself and one's generation. After all, a genetic
imprint that can be modified by behavior creates the conditions for the rise and
fall of a gene pool. The future of a nation cannot solely be traced back to fate or
solely to external circumstances which cannot be influenced. A society without
struggle and effort runs risk of degenerating by genetically creating its own
descent.
The common origin of all earthly life proves neither a - silently assumed -
linearity of development with the human being as the goal and crown of creation,
nor that human beings are entirely a product of evolution. The still permissible
question regarding the appearance of humans on Earth is now more restrictive.
The question is whether humans are a genuine product of evolution or whether
there has been an artificial intervention in the genome of their ancestors that goes
beyond the gene-adaptive feedback to the living conditions.
Although the previous doctrine of gene sections devoid of useful information is
now in doubt long segments of the genome (so called introns) resemble book
pages, which are filled with letter chaos and at best confused stutters. Thus, the

9
David A. Sinclair, ‘Lifespan: The Revolutionary Science of Why We Age - and Why We Don't
Have to’, Atria Books (2019)
only purpose of these apparently meaningless pages seemed to be their
reproduction as a parasite of the information-carrying gene segments (extron).
Fact is, only extrons are expressed to form proteins. Given the many and for the
actual protein synthesis dispensable book pages in the genome it is of little
surprise that the size of a genome doesn't correlate with the stage of development
of a species. Amazingly, the genome of the newt is ten times larger than that of
humans. I suspect that man because of his modest genome size is reluctant to find
himself classified as the lower form of being. And even the newt might feel
offended if it were informed that of all livings some algae have the largest
genome. The size of the (for the protein synthesis) dispensable or part of a DNA
strand unexhausted as information carrier clarifies, in order to create an artificial
being, only a fraction of the genome has to be changed. At least, this applies as
long as the species remains related to an already existing living being. The close
relationship between human DNA and that of a chimpanzee (the match amounts
98.5%) 10 suggests which animal species could have served for the main gene
supplier for a homunculus. If we jump an evolutionary step shorter, the
Neanderthal was an even closer relative of modern humans than monkeys are.
To create the Homo sapiens out of him, an even less change in his genome would
have been sufficient for a creation of Homo sapiens than the chimpanzee genome
demands for. An inheritable genetic manipulation would be conspicuous as a
leap in the genome development of a living being, but retrospectively difficult to
distinguish from an evolutionary mutation.
To summarize, for testing our model of creation these two options have to be
examined:
• Is man just evolution
• Or (also) creation?
As stated at the beginning of this chapter, reasoned arguments are required to
get option 2 of above list out of the assessment to be an absurd thesis. Thus, much
more solid indications have to put forward than just argues based on
interpretable myths. Let's precede the hard arguments with some of these well-
known indications, which has said, however, leave doubts and questions
unanswered.
Soft arguments for the creation of man can easily be found. Without wanting to
argue in line with biblical creationist, the sudden appearance of modern man a
few tens of thousands of years ago, or may be even earlier (?), surprises. As an
evolutionary development step, in the rough environment of prehistoric times
the comparatively rather feeble constitution does not fit well into the explanatory
pattern of environmental adaptation as a driver of evolution. When encountering
a saber-toothed tiger, more brain instead of constitution and speed only helps to
a very limited extent. Indeed, besides lions, not just gazelles and elephants
populate Earth, which teaches us the decisive criteria in the fight for survival are
multifaceted. Every species, large or small, intelligent or dumb, lives in its niche.
Hence and hardly remarkable, evolution allowed a few hundred million years to
pass before giving preference to intelligence over other abilities. This proves

10 http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v429/n6990/full/nature02564.html
http://genome.imb-jena.de/news/download/news/c22_040527-comm.html
This article states that the match has been overestimated. The previous research started from the
erroneous assumption that in the protein-coding genes no significant differences exists between the
species. According to the work cited above, however, 83% of the 231 genes code a different amino
acid sequence. 20% even show a significant difference. Presumably, as always, everything is more
complicated than initially thought.
intelligence is of limited importance as a selection criterion. In the long run,
intelligence may be of advantage, but no mutation is born with a weapon in hand.
For a start and basically, sheer size, fine senses, quick legs and big teeth are more
advantageous.
While the figure of Homo sapiens may be of surprise, the cultural legacies of
prehistoric societies - such as filigree cave paintings - impress and can pass
through as proof of intellectual abilities. But, prehistoric art does not prove
genetic manipulation. Despite actual or perceived gaps in the path of the
evolution of modern humans, no scientist with such pathetic indications would
dare even to consider a creation of man. He better remains silent, at least in case
and as long as he pays the attention to its reputation and wants to avoid an
acquaintance with the straitjacket.
Questioning evolution as the logical path for the genesis of man is only
permissible and should only be seriously considered when evidence is presented
instead of weak hints and doubt. It is not that the approach is unknown practice
to claim an overturn of the world view on a meagre basis. In the case of so-called
conspiracy theory, this is common practice.
Protagonists who propagated the creation of man by God or gods base their
reasoning on religion and myths with a story of creation as a narrative. This
approach is too feeble to be convincing and cannot be regarded as a serious
alternative to the theory of evolution. Instead of employing such feeble
indications, we argue on the basis of sources which have so far been neglected or
at least were insufficiently analyzed. Arguing on the basis of written documents,
we leave fairy tales and creation myths behind. These sources make prehistoric
biochemistry and, in this context, human creation probable. Starting from the
strong hypothesis of the creation of Homo sapiens, we will interpret these
documents step by step, and enhance the original hypothesis to the standard of
evidence. Note, in line with Popper's epistemological demand, we begin with a
falsifiable and thus permissible hypothesis.
To our perception the documents we use for evidence convey ancient knowledge.
In view of the time from which these documents originate and which counts
down to millennia, we cannot find first editions - nor can we expect originals -
but copies only. We hold in hands copies of copies from a past where humanity's
cradle stood. There is no trace of the knowledge carriers. Fortunately, and
appropriate to the importance of the topic, copying continued when the technical
knowledge waned, and the knowledge carriers had withdrawn or had perished.
Sometime later copyists no longer understood what they were copying, but yet
the tradition of a tabooed cult acted as a preserver. Comparable to Bible and
Koran, no single iota was allowed to change the message. Closer and closer to the
present time and thus ever later copyists painted drawings from crumbling
books. Thus, they strove really hard to maintain the content, but changed the
drawings from purely abstract characters to naturalistic and arabesque graphics
according to their own cultural background and understanding. Gradually
alienated into pictures of snakes, birds or other animals, machines and formulas
have been preserved. The challenge for analysis and understanding is to return
such drawings to their original content.
With the right approach, alienated and sketchy representations, glyphs and
symbols reveal themselves as true carriers of scientific and technical information.
The consistency and completeness of the alternative interpretation presented
broadens individual indications to a comprehensive explanation. Apart from the
alienation due to multiple copying and intensified obscuring caused by the
modifications of lay copyists, the strangeness regarding the representations of
chemistry and technology found is not surprising anyway. Already the original
drawings will have been written in a different formula language than today's
science uses it. For, as little as we would expect Greek letters in (hypothetical)
prehistoric physical formulas, we can expect in ancient documents to find
biochemistry written in today's formula language using our standardized
molecular drawings. Even if we assume a convergence in writing for scientific
formulas, the ancient notation will differ. Formal differences in the presentation
therefore arise inevitably. However, we must not allow any deviation or concede
compromises regarding the content of the message. An advanced but lost
prehistoric chemistry can't differ from today's chemistry. By natural law
molecules and reactions are identical. Despite the alienation in the presentation,
the approach to uncover scientific content turns out either beyond doubt - or it
does not exist.
The bar for proof a lost genetic engineering is set high. The bar is set high because
of a rightly discredited, dilettante alternative prehistory, which usually features
too much simplification, too many errors and too much semi-knowledge. Some
'evidence', as presented by alternative prehistorians, is clearly violation of a
sound interpretation of archaeological finds and the spirit of religious texts. Any
snake, any twined symbol is interpreted to represent DNA. Worldwide, religious
motifs such as the Caduceus symbol (a staff with two snakes), which was
common to the Egyptians, Greeks and Celts, as well as sinuous symbols on reliefs
from Sumer and Akkad are immediately construed as DNA representations. 11 In
order to prove the thesis of creation, or at least to derive it as a credible option,
something more convincing has to be propounded than reference to some images
in need of interpretation and text analyzes overloaded with excessive claims. A
revolutionary new beginning is indispensable, which transforms relying on solid
facts the inadequate, knotted ballast of stereotypical arguments into a viable
foundation. In the first step, it is best to completely ignore myths which have
been handed down and also the bunch of questionable symbols in need of
clarification.
In fact, and probably motivated by the Bible and its model character, the
discussion about a human creation revolves mainly around legends and epics
from the Near and Middle East. 12 This news may exhibit some truth, but, they
fail – justifiably – to be considered by established science as evidence for creation
since they exhibit little factual information. What these legends pass down in
their images and myths – including the Genesis of the Old Testament – are
considered religiously motivated fairy tales lacking any real background. Even
the unison of the myths cannot convince. Ancient cultures were no islands. Often,
one copied from the other or used the same source to develop his historical and
cultural national myths. Although at ancient times the diffusion of knowledge
was very slow we know that intercultural exchanges between cultural centers
took place over thousands of kilometers. Be it that either peoples, such as the
Aryans, migrated and populated half the world, 13 or that trade functioned as a
bridge for cultural exchange between populations. 14

11 See, for example, http://www.mazzaroth.com/ChapterThree/TowerOfBabel.htm

12
http://gott.es/wissen/genesis1.htm
13
https://morgenwacht.wordpress.com/2018/12/09/die-tocharer-eine-vergessene-weisse-
wanderung/
14 https://www.wissenschaft.de/geschichte-archaeologie/uralte-wurzeln-der-seidenstrasse/
In the strange confusion regarding the creation of man, put forward by religion
or guesswork, and despite of its scorched-earth status we manage to uncover a
new approach by changing the location of investigation. As trivial as it sounds,
if you are looking in the wrong place, you can't find anything! News from
cultures and countries outside the - from a European point of view - classical
prehistoric cultures provoke the required new beginning by leading to sources
that describe how man came into the world: as an artificial being and as a slave
to the gods.
We discover the sought-after arguments for the creation of man by means of
genetic manipulation in codices which conquistadors in Central America came
across with. Archaeologists call them Mayan or Aztec codices. 15 Only deplorably
sparse samples of these historic artwork of the lost Central American high
cultures have survived Christian missionary work and the enslavement of the
indigenous peoples. The pages of these codices tap up a forgotten world of
knowledge. Taking a skilled scientific view, ancient drawings in books from this
region feature genetic engineering, chemistry and biology at the highest level.
While the importance of some of the old American codices for calendar science is
well researched and understood, the content of other codices bears the
meaningless label: Cult representation. The idle chatter about 'cult' and 'ritual' is
always correct, but remains idle talk and sterile in explanation as long as the cult
isn't assigned more content than an image description. We will endeavor to
assign origin and content to cult representations, as there is currently no
understanding of what this cult means. After that, the depictions may still be
categorized as cult, but of a completely different kind. They are no longer void of
explanations, but represents a description of knowledge which we now
understand in its origin and meaning. Once the factual background has been
demonstrated in case of the codices, then also the messages and pictures found
in the Middle East fit into the theory of an alternative human history. Though we
initially rejected them as insufficient for a proof, viewed in context they gain
weight and truth.
To begin with, a brief description and historical classification of the codices we
will refer to. According to Eduard Seler, who is the historic doyen of codex
research, the Codex Borgia, the Codex Cospiano, the Codex Vaticanus B, Codex
Lauda and the Codex Fejervary-Mayer jointly create one group. As will become
evident, we fully agree with this assessment. The main artwork of the cycle under
consideration, the Codex Borgia, comprises 39 pages with animal skin as writing
material, and folded into a book in a zigzag fold. Each side of the Codex Borgia
measures 27 cm x 27 cm, the total length of the unfolded Codex amounts to
almost 11 meters. The front cover and back of the folded codex are empty, so that
we end up with 76 painted pages. The Codex Borgia is named after Cardinal
Stefano Borgia (1731 to 1804) who, in addition to his church office, was a scholar,
historian and collector. For centuries the Codex is kept in the Biblioteca
Apostolica Vaticana in Rome.16 As evidenced by a handwritten note on sheet 68,
the Codex was already in the possession of the Vatican in the 16th century.
Despite its age, the code is in a good state of preservation. Only the first and last
pages are bleached out and the first page is completely illegible. Otherwise,
image-impairing signs of aging are mostly limited to the edges of the individual
sheets.

15
http://www.famsi.org/research/graz/index.html
16 https://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Borg.mess.1
The artistic quality of this codex corresponds to its worldview-revolutionary
message. In it we find form and content combined in the most wonderful way.
Already Alexander von Humboldt impressed the artistic level of Codex Borgia.
He even copied some sketches of pages from the Codex in one of his books. 17 Von
Humboldt was fascinated by the artistry, but given the level of knowledge at that
time his interpretation of the drawings remained necessarily descriptive.
Without elaborating on the content, he rated the Codex as the most remarkable
of all ancient Mexican pictorial writings.
The Codex Borgia was probably drawn up shortly before the Spanish conquest
of Mexico near the present-day city of Puebla, southeast of Mexico City. This time
of its creation is assumed because, according to the experts, 18 the drawings do
not show any European influence, yet the relatively good status of preservation
of the codex speaks against an earlier making. Whether created before, shortly
before or after the conquest of Mexico by the Spaniards, this uncertainty doesn't
affect in any way our reinterpretation of the codices as a prehistoric book about
genetic engineering. Besides, the state of knowledge of Europe in the sixteenth
century could not have contributed anything to images describing biology,
biochemistry and genetic engineering.
The saving of this codex demands gratitude, since missionaries and the official
Church have done their best to eradicate, without discernment and tolerance, the
idols of an understanding of the world that rivaled with or was considered
incompatible with Christianity. Did the Codex Borgia escape its destruction
because it represents a work of such impressive artistry that even zealous
missionaries shrank from its destruction? However, perhaps this and the few
other codices survived only because of coincidence or the sloppiness of the holy
ignoramuses. As much as we lament the stupidity and the furor of the conquerors
and missionaries, they are not the only culprits for the loss of Old American
documents, since nature also contributed to decay and oblivion. Left in the same
place and without custody under museum conditions, the codes would have
rotten. The climatic conditions of Central America would have gnawed at the
books from the pre-colonial era. Their transfer to Europe, unintentionally made
a decisive contribution to their conservation. Incidentally, the age-related decay
of the codes trivially explains why we cannot come across originals, but rather
have to be impressed when we can hold copies of copies in our hands.
According to Eduard Seler, 18 sheets of the Codex Borgia deal with astronomy
and seasonal weather fluctuations. 20 glyphs classified as daily signs span the
background and are guideline of Seler's interpretation and justify his
understanding of having a calendar compendium in front of him. Not only by
Seler, but also in more recent literature, such as in the case of Diaz and Rodgers,
19 the pages of the Codex are interpreted to contain calendar information with

particular attention to the phases of the moon and Venus. Again, not more
profound is what K. A. Nowotny construes in more recent times. Apparently, he
follows deeply in Seler's footsteps. 20 Here too, we only find image descriptions

17 Pittoresque views of the Cordillers and Monuments of American Peoples;

Alexander von Humboldt (http://biolib.mpipz.mpg.de/humboldt/atlas/tafel_15.html)
18
The Codex Borgia – A Full-Color Restoration of the Ancient Mexican Manuscript; G. Díaz und A. Rodgers; Dover
Publications, Inc. (1993)
19
The Codex Borgia – A Full-Color Restoration of the Ancient Mexican Manuscript; G. Díaz und A. Rodgers; Dover
Publications, Inc. (1993)
20 K. A. Nowotny, Tlacuilolli; Geb. Mann Verlag, Berlin (1961)
without meaningful interpretation or even clarification of the background for the
alleged cult.
Seler and subsequent analysts break up the drawing on any page into individual
pictorial fragments, each of which he discusses verbose but without a
superordinate storyline for background. Contrary to the requirement for a
uniform explanation, the descriptions of the individual images therefore remain
independent. From Seler first interpretation to the present day, “cult and ritual”
is always conjured up out of the hat to explain images. Although Seler tries
sometimes to combine his descriptions with myths and the glyphs of other
codices many interpretations exhaust themselves in the naming of the
supposedly depicted god. Classifying the repetitive glyphs as signs of the
calendar-day, Seler struggles to give meaning to his explanations. To my
perception, in his interpretation Seler uses up the reserve of the gods in the pre-
colonial Mexican heaven. Seler's comments on the Codex are a daunting example
of a bleak picture description and lack of ideas, since they offer no understanding
whatsoever. Seler probably believed he had achieved something when he named
the gods depicted. The haste with which he introduces another god - the
spectrum ranges from the wind and moon to the maize to the bat god - creates a
rather strange than explanatory impression.
The fact that both digits and numbers are missing from the codices of the Borgia
series neither Seler nor his successors address. Since the daily signs of the Borgia
Codices differ from the daily signs of the Codex Dresdensis, Seler argues with all
sorts of parallels, without mentioning a good reasoning for the replacement of
the characters or proof of admissibility for his acceptance of the substitutions.
When it goes beyond the description of the obvious, Seler refers and explains the
content of Codex Borgia by quotation and cross-references to the Codex
Dresdensis, to which he recognizably assigns the sounder content. With the
Codex Dresdensis as the leitmotif, the calendar interpretation clearly directed his
reasoning and - in my opinion - improperly prejudged the interpretation. For
Seler and his epigones the obvious guiding principle in interpretation of the
codices was the well-known calendar mania of the old American cultures. As a
result, the content was shortened to this state of affairs or adjusted to fit. We are
facing Popper's warning against rash hypotheses in action: a preconceived
hypothesis narrows the view and makes perception consistent with the
hypothesis. Seler's subjunctive formulations are eloquent indications of his
uncertainty in the reciprocal assignment of the drawing of the various codices.
On 800 pages Seler literally tries hard to hide his scholar helplessness or at least
his insufficient understanding. Not least because of the large scale of his books,
they suggest his sovereignty of interpretation. 21 His interpretation, rather a
description of pictures, done at the turn of the last century has remained the
accepted doctrine to this day. Thus, the understanding and the concepts of
historical research of the 19th century are continued, even if meanwhile criticism
is made of individual and minor aspects. 22
At the time given the scientific status, Seler's discourse to describe the drawings
in the codices as a representation of cult was the only possible one. At a time
when biochemistry did not even exist as a word, no one could get the idea to look
at representations which reported about the basics of life. The situation of 'lost

21
Dr. Eduard Seler, Codex Borgia – An Old American picture copy of the Library of the
Congregatio de Propanda Fide (Berlin 1894), available on the Internet at:
www.famsi.org/spanish/research/loubat/.../Seler_Borgia_x.pdf with x = 1, 2, 3
22 Karl Taube, ‘The Major Gods of Ancient Yucatan‘, Dumbarton Oaks Research (1992)
knowledge' and consequently an equally lost researcher applies exactly to Seler
and to his time. A new interpretation 100 years later can rely on improved
preconditions, can recognize connections and technique in formerly
incomprehensible drawings.
In the discussion about human creation, the idea of classifying the Central
American codices as a scientific description of man’s creation is not un-known.
However, this recent alternative interpretation remained technically unsound.
Perhaps because of this work was and still is ignored in scholar scientific
consideration. 23 The approach, to apply modern scientific knowledge in the
classification and explanation of historical documents and artefacts, the
established historians, i.e. the shadow warriors of the traditional view', devalue
by bringing up the astonishing argument that only contemporary understanding
would be projected. Stating this verdict, it remains unclear what previous
researchers have done other than to apply their contemporary understanding!
The classical interpretation of the Codex Borgia as a calendar was and is
motivated by the number of repeating glyphs which the calendar apologists
determine to be 20, and which thus in number equal to the number of days in the
Mayan month. The fact that the number 20 can also have a different background
and that there are actually more than 20 different glyphs in the codex seems to
be of no concern. Either it is not known, is ignored, or probably is hidden since it
is unpleasant. The calendar hypothesis gets ultimately audacious if there is not a
single figure and no date in the entire Codex Borgia. The interpretation of an
entire codex, without any date contained, as a calendar representation
contradicts any logic. This issue of missing logic holds particularly if we consider
its emergence in a mathematically learned civilization. Moreover, the absence of
figures and calendar data in the Codex Borgia makes the historic calendar thesis
doubtful because it contrasts with other codices, such as the Codex Dresdensis, 24
which is overflowing with numbers. Undoubtedly, the Codex Dresdensis
unquestionably exhibits a calendar background and calendar relevance. Seler's
cross references to the Codex Dresdensis do not really remedy this shortcoming
in logic, but, rather point to the illogicalness. The initial and classical
interpretation of the Codex Borgia, which continues unabated despite all the
contradictions, can serve as an example of how research can get stuck in a dead
end.
In our approach of interpretation, the Codex will not be torn into individual
images, but is perceived as a compendium of biology and genetics. Using modern
science as a guiding principle, we detect complex, scientific messages contained
in the drawings of Codex Borgia. These messages, hidden, but recognizable, in
obscure cult paintings are representations of genetic engineering. We come even
to conclude that this sunken knowledge and technical ability have exceeded
today's state of the art of genetic engineering. Instead of Seler’s talking about
ritual and cult the codex now gets background and origin. The mysterious cult
takes shape and content.
Let's start by looking through and interpreting the pages of the Codex with the
intuitively simplest picture. Proceeding from this easy beginning we move on
towards more complex drawings, which exhibit a biochemically more and more

23 In his book 'Der Tag den die Götter kamen' (C. Bertelsmann-Verlag, Munich 1984; 211-216),
Erich von Däniken points to this possibility of interpretation, which, however, remains succinctly
executed and technically inadequate.
24
http://www.slub-dresden.de/sammlungen/handschriften/maya-handschrift-codex-dresdensis
demanding content. Following this principle, we will - in selecting the drawings
we think relevant for the current discussion - bring the pages of the Codex into a
structured and technically graded order.

Figure A
Page 20 of Codex Borgia 25
Upper part of the sheet: Setting up a synthesis bath for biochemical reactions
Lower part of the page: Technical principles and procedures related to the act of creation

To get started, let's take a look at page 20 of the Codex Borgia, shown as Figure
A. Our interpretative approach explains the composition of the drawing which
combines naive illustration with scientific substance. In the lower half of the
picture there are some motifs which we will encounter not only in the Codex
Borgia but in other codices of the Borgia series: a god in magnificent regalia, a
naked person, a snake and a glyph ribbon for frame. The snake with its two
conspicuous features of the body can trivially be classified in our genetic
engineering hypothesis. In the graphically separated segments of the snake body
we recognize the division of the genome in gene sequences. The cleavage of the
main body of the snakes at the head and tail into two strands illustrates the
double-stranded structure of the DNA.
In contrast to Seler's method of fragmentation, in our biochemical approach the
picture elements of the drawing remain connected They elucidate the relation
and the sequence of a preparative process. Selected DNA segments are placed in
a vat (for us a chemical bath) in which segments of a snake body, i.e. sections of
DNA, are already floating. Within the vat, the segments link to each other and
arrange themselves into a double strand that grows out of the tub as a trunk. In

25 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Codex_Borgia_page_20.jpg
short, the picture describes - in a symbolically simplified translation - the key
points of genetic manipulation as a storyline: for start DNA is segmented and
then combined into a new strand.
In addition to the preparative procedure, the picture also shows the result and
the goal of genetic breeding. On the vat a naked woman with indicated breasts is
squatting, who looks at the growing trunk and at a flask from which a baby
human being is crawling. From the perspective of genetic engineering employed
we interpret the woman as that who in future will give birth to childs. The pot-
like flask symbolizes the technical replacement of a uterus. The flask represents
the incubation bag in which the first human grows. A red liquid splashes out of
a hinted leak in the flask: blood. Its squirting accompanies us through the
drawings of codex. We think, this detail highlights the central role of blood as the
elixir of life, and in our view, it stands for the so called 'red' genetic engineering.
Strikingly, the child crawling out of the flask wears a curl on its head, which we
find identically on a Mesopotamian cylinder seal where the Sumerian mother
goddess Ninhursag is holding an infant. The interpretation of the Mesopotamian
seal image is controversial, some scholars regard it as a graphic showing beer
brewing, a few as a 'representation of creation'. 26 We point out to this astonishing
parallel in the representation of such a detail which connects two images which
possibly are assigned to creation and which stem from two distinct cultures of a
great geographically and timely distance. Both representations, the Mexican and
the Mesopotamian, put forward the same feature: the naked child wears a curl.
To us this feature symbolizes a peculiarity: the genetically created human loses
the hair of the monkey except for his head hair.
Blood is a characteristic feature in the upper part of this page which to us shows
the preparation of a chemical bath. Under the direction of an overseeing god
besides dismembered snakes and all kinds of bottles, i.e. rather their contents,
bleeding animals are placed in a vat. Within the chosen interpretation we guess
that these animals stand for gene segments used for creation of a hybrid creature.
After this hypothesis-building picture, let us turn to the glyphs, which we do not
regard as the daily signs of a calendar. As glyphs appear stylized skulls, animals,
objects, and abstract signs. The glyphs may appear playful and arabesque, but
they are by no means ornamentation or a kind of calligraphic decoration, as the
overview on the entry pages and their repetition on the pages of the codex make
clear.
First of all, let's clarify how many different glyphs actually are depicted in the
Codex Borgia? Seler and others count twenty. We disagree! When we want to
give a qualified answer to the above question, we simply look at the initial pages
of the codex. On each of the eight input pages of the Codex Borgia we find either
28 or 30 glyphs - neatly arranged in columns and rows. Even though the total
number varies for various pages, a maximum of 22 different glyphs remains on
each page after deduction of doubles. The glyphs shown in the tables on the first
eight pages are repeated on almost all pages of the Codex Borgia, where they are
arranged in (ornamental) bands. They often differ from the representations on
the pages 1 to 8 in that the glyph of an animal's head is supplemented by the
animal's body. The characteristics of the heads and its recognizability as a basic
glyph remains unaffected.

26 http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sitchin/planeta12/12planeteng_12.htm
Whole sheets and many drawings, like the pictures on the above shown page 20,
are framed or divided by glyph ribbons. Several times we count 20 different
glyphs on a single page, for example on pages 25, 26, and 30. For a number of
assumed double pages we find half the number of glyphs per page. E.g. If we
look at sheet 21 in conjunction with page 22, we get 20 glyphs again. How
stringently the number 20 is adhered to can be seen from page 25 of the Codex
Borgia. 17 characters in the cross-like page division (1 glyph in the center and 4
glyphs in each arm) are displayed for partitioning, while the three missing
characters are shown squeezed in a corner to make a total of 20.
No question about it, the number of days in a month in the Mayan calendar is 20.
With the Mayan calendar as the only clue, Seler's calendar hypothesis becomes
absolutely comprehensible. What Seler couldn't know is that the hypothesis of
assigning a biochemical background to the codices of the Borgia series provides
a trivial alternative explanation for the occurrence of the number 20. In addition,
it explains for the occurrence of the 22 different glyphs which are shown on the
introductory pages. Instead regarding the glyphs as the signs of the day in the
Mayan calendar, we recognize in them the canonical amino acids which make up
the proteins of all earthly life.

Figure B
Compilation of the glyphs shown on pages 1 to 8 of the Codex Borgia
The glyphs depicted side by side in the gray boxes were not classified as distinct, but
were assessed as a variation of a single glyph. (All signs are copied from the tables of the
first pages.) The comparison describes the degree of the graphic differences. We find, in
total 22 different glyphs exist on these eight pages. To our understanding, these glyphs
represent the 22 proteinogenic amino acids.

Amino acids dominate the constituents of any living body. Organs, enzymes,
skin and the connective tissue of bones, and even hair consists of amino acids. If
we recognize amino acids as the background of the glyphs and each glyph is the
symbol for one of the 22 amino acids of life, it remains to be clarified how the
repeated occurrence of the number 20 is to be understood.
In the simplest explanation, the number 20 is divisible by four, and five glyphs
in a row create symmetrical side partitions and symmetrical glyph bands. But
also, a plausible biochemical explanation can be put forward: The count 22
includes two more amino acids. However, both these amino acids, pyrrolysine
and selenocysteine, are very rarely incorporated in proteins. 27 See also Figure D.
The total of 22 proteinogenic amino acids are also called canonical. (Possibly

27 https://www.fh-muenster.de/ciw/downloads/personal/juestel/juestel/chemie/Aminosaeuren.pdf
confusing, 8 out of the 22 amino acids are described essential because the body
cannot produce them itself.) Thus, we can state that in contrast to the non-
observance of the two additional glyphs in the calendar interpretation the
number 22 is trivially explicable in case of the amino acid hypothesis.
Fact is, neither the vigesimal system of the indigenous people of Central America
nor their calendar can classify the number 22 meaningfully. Therefore, we came
across with an important first argument which suggests a biochemical
interpretation of the codices. Precisely because the number of glyphs shown on
each of the initial pages of both codices exceeds the number of amino acids and
only the deduction of duplicates leads to the number 22, this strengthens the
argument of correspondence between the number of different glyphs and the
number of essential amino acids.

Not only the Codex Borgia but also the Codex Vaticanus 3773B 28, 29 starts with 7
pages showing a tabular list of glyphs. In a similar way, in this codex the glyphs
are compiled in rows and columns, albeit are far less carefully executed in
drawing than in the Codex Borgia. In this case, however, equating glyphs
requires concessions with regard to color fidelity and the detailed execution of
the individual glyphs. Among the 35 glyphs shown on each page, we identify 22
glyphs that correspond to the Codex Borgia. In addition, 5 additional glyphs are
incorporated. Considering the recognizable negligent execution of the drawing,
we suspect for the five extra glyphs an alienation that goes beyond the extent of
recognizability. Maybe these additional glyphs also depict the start-stop codons?
See again Figure D.

Figure C
Comparison of the glyphs of pages 1 to 8 of the Codex Borgia to the glyphs of the pages
1 to 7 of the codex Vaticanus3773B
In the majority of cases, the correspondence between the glyphs between the Codex Borgia
and the Codex Vaticanus 3773B is unambiguous, although all glyphs are mirrored. Even
in case of a more considerable deviation and imprecise execution of the glyph drawn, most
glyphs of the Codex Borgia remain recognizable in the Codex Vaticanus. However, no
match with the Codex Borgia was found for the 5 glyphs of the Codex Vaticanus which

28
http://www.famsi.org/research/loubat/Vaticanus%203773/page_01.jpg bis
http://www.famsi.org/research/loubat/Vaticanus%203773/page_08.jpg
29
As in case of the Codex Borgia the origin id pre-colonial. The codex came to the Vatican in the
middle of the 16th century and was first mentioned in writing in the register before the end of the
16th century. http://www.famsi.org/spanish /research/loubat/ Booklets/
Booklet%20Vat%203773_1.pdf
are marked with a question mark in the upper right corner. For us, the carelessness of the
draughtsman is obviously the likely cause.
We will refer in detail later again to the chemistry of protein synthesis in order to
confirm the interpretation of the glyphs as amino acids. But first, let's address
another group of recurring signs. In addition to the 22 glyphs that we assign to
the amino acids, many pages of the codices show much simpler signs, mainly
balls, which are represented in 4 different colors and often lined up to chains.
Like the number 22 the digit 4 is one of the cardinal numbers of biochemistry,
since it represents the number of nucleobases which encode the information
bytes in the DNA and are arranged in a strand of complementary-paired
(molecules) bases. In the DNA each amino acid is coded in a sequence of 3
nucleotides, see Figure D. There, each byte (information unit) of the DNA code is
pre-sent as a sequence (technical term: codon) of 4 bases, namely adenine,
thymine, guanine, and cytosine. The sequence of nucleotides in a codon in the
DNA encodes the attachment of a defined amino acid to the growing polymer
strand of a protein during its synthesis. See also the graphic illustration of the
polymerization process in Figure E. The number of 4 different colored balls, taken
on its own, remains too weak an indication to draw a firm conclusion about its
biochemical meaning. The four colors can be coincidental or mean something
completely different than biochemistry. However, its common appearance with
the 20 or 22 glyphs weighs heavily as an argument. But, above all the combination
of these simple signs and glyphs in describing a process yields convincing
evidence (Figure E). Because of the similarities of the graphical presentations of
a biochemical reaction shown in Figure E, we notice a full matching of modern
understanding of the synthesis of proteins according to the code of DNA and the
corresponding description in the codices. We consider in this superb degree of
agreement the first really hard indication that our hypothesis regarding the
biochemical content of the codices is correct.

After this clarification of the interpretation of the glyphs and their number, we
refer again to page 20 of the Codex Borgia (Figure A) and claim to have symbols
for chemical molecules in front of us. Thus, we proceed from a qualitative to a
quantitative interpretation.
Figure D
Coding of amino acids by the 4 bases (codon) of the nucleotides 30
The graphic has to be read in the radial direction with the amino acids named in the outer
rim. With the four nucleotides A = adenine, C = cytosine, G = guanine and U = uracil in the
RNA (uracil replaces here the thymine of the DNA). The arrows from 5' to 3' indicate the
reading direction of the codon.
marks the start codon, the stop codons of the reading are
By name the 22 canonical amino acids are: glycine, alanine, serine, cysteine,
selenocysteine, proline, valine, threonine, phenylalanine, asparagine, aspartic acid,
leucine, isoleucine, methionine, glutamine, glutamic acid, tyrosine, lysine, histidine,
tryptophan, arginine, and pyrrolysine

A triplet of 4 different nucleotides could encode 4^3 = (4 x 4 x 4) = 64 different

amino acids. In fact, the number of canonical amino acids is only 22. Nature has
solved the over determination by assigning more than one code to each amino
acid. Besides, some sequences of DNA take over the start/stop control (Fig. D)
when reading out gene sections.

As already explained, cell-specific regulators determine which DNA sections are

expressed for the synthesis of proteins. The advances in epigenetics have shown
that segments in the DNA previously assumed to be information-free fulfill an
important function. They activate or mute DNA segments or control - again cell-
specific - the compacting of the DNA strand. Although we need to know, that
this regulation of organ-specific activation of DNA sequences for protein
synthesis is still largely not understood.

30 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aminoacids_table.svg
Figure E
Presentation of the molecular process of linking amino acids into proteins according to
the requirements of RNA (RNA: short for ribonucleic acid)
Left: A modern representation of the principle of protein synthesis in a ribosome
tRNA = transfer RNA, is a short ribonucleic acid that leads the correct amino acid to the
codon of the mRNA via the base triplet of its anticodon and effects the amino acid to attach
to the growing protein strand.
mRNA = messenger (or English messenger) RNA is the single-stranded copy of a DNA
section, which controls the protein synthesis acting as a template.
Right: Outline sketch, drawn from the central image on page 16 of the Codex Vaticanus
3773B.31 (In order to better illustration of the conformity with the modern ribosome
representation, the sketch was rotated by 90°compared to the original image.)

To confirm our assumption that we face biochemistry in the codices of the Borgia
series, we refer to pages 15 and 16 of Codex Vaticanus 3773B. 32 The
representations of these pages underpin our approach of a biochemical
interpretation of the codices in question. In a straightforward trivial transfer of
the biochemical process of the drawings in the Vaticanus codex to the modern
representation, the drawing elements become assignable: e.g. concretely the bird
in the cage symbolizes the interior of a ribosome. In ribosomes amino acid
molecules are polymerized to build a protein according to the RNA coding. The
graphics illustrate the molecular process of transferring DNA into an RNA strand
33 and show the subsequent linking of amino acids into proteins using the RNA

strand as template. The drawings on these two pages transform the chemical
process of protein synthesis into a visual language which reproduces the
polymerization process in a transparent and unambiguous manner. 34 Although
the degree of alienation is considerable the process flow is perfectly reflected.
With still comprehensible alienation, in the codex drawing the RNA strand is
symbolized by a worm or snake. Thus, instead of a strand a centipede (page 15)
or a snake (page 16 of the Codex Vaticanus 3773B) meanders or passes through a
box with a trapped bird enclosed in it. From the box grows a ribbon showing a
sequence of exactly those glyphs that we have assigned to the amino acids.

31 http://www.famsi.org/research/loubat/Vaticanus%203773/thumbs1.html
32 http://www.famsi.org/research/graz/vaticanus3773/

http://www.famsi.org/research/graz/vaticanus3773/img_page_xx.html
As with Codex Borgia, individual pages can be retrieved as 'page_xx'.
33 Ribonucleic acid, RNS is the single stranded copy og the DNA strand (but thymine substituted

by uracil).
34
Ribosomes function as multienzyme complexes (organelles of protein biosynthesis) and
catalyze the individual steps of translation
As an important detail of the picture, we note that in the naturalistic alienation
and in accordance with the single-stranded RNA, neither the head nor the tail of
the snake is split. When compared, this similarity of a modern representation of
the ribosome structure and its function with the codex pictures teaches how well
both structure and process are sketched. Despite the naturalistic alienation, the
codex drawing represents in a convincing way the copy of the modern
understanding of how amino acids are linked to the protein. This is not by
chance! The detected perfect description of a chemical process is confirmed by
the reproduction of other chemical processes and gene technology in other
drawings of the codices. See for example the drawing on page 18 of Codex Borgia
or pages 13 to 16 of Codex Vaticanus B. 35
The bird symbolism of the codices as shown in Figure E probably captures two
things. Firstly, in its disheveledness the depicted bird expresses a high rotational
speed and secondly, at the same time it stands for a screeching sound, as is typical
for a rapidly rotating wheel. When in the drawings in which the snake strand
runs through a machine, with this shaggy bird or with a wheel inside, and a
ribbon of glyphs oozes out of the machine, we feel confirmed in our biochemical
interpretation of the codex. The picture describes protein synthesis in a
naturalistic simplification, which schematically hardly can be represented more
correctly.

We believe, Page 16 of the Codex Vaticanus 3773B is more than a beginning it

becomes a cornerstone in the reinterpretation of the codices. Different to previous
researcher, we do not interpret numbers or symbols or develop funny stories
about gods, but have come across with a perfectly mapped process. In a similarly
remarkable correspondence, in case of further pictures we develop a technical
explanation. On sheet 49 and sheet 51 of the Codex Borgia, 36 see picture F, an
apparatus is shown which reminds of a wringer or of an encased automatic
sample changer. The central unit of the construction is a wheel with 8 pins, which
runs in a stand covered by a multi-stage roof. Precise scales above and below the
central unit indicate complexity and technical perfection. Such an elaborately
constructed machine, in its perfection, which is emphasized by the drawing,
undoubtedly cannot be crafted of wood or stone. The line scales on the measuring
table of the machine match a micrometer screw, but certainly do not go with a
machine dating from the Stone or Bronze Age. Fact is, that this was the age in
which the Indians of Mexico still largely lived in the time of the Conquistadors.
37

With technology as the background for an interpretation, we find a plausible

classification of the representation, again in line with our understanding. Again,
the drawing represents more than just an apparatus. If we transfer the
representation to a modern chemical synthesis machine, a process sequence
becomes recognizable. In the top bar, raw materials are kept in beakers, which in

35 http://www.famsi.org/research/loubat/Vaticanus%203773/page_13.jpg to
http://www.famsi.org/research/loubat/Vaticanus%203773/page_16jpg
36 Ribosomes function as multienzyme complexes (organelles of protein biosynthesis) and

catalyze the individual steps of translation

37
Ignoring this intrinsic contradiction to the historically technical environment, classical research
assigns the drawings to a civilization which at the arrival of the Europeans just had begun to use
metals. Only copper was common among some Native American tribes as a jewelry metal. (The
prehistoric copper mining on the Upper Lake and the whereabout of the huge quantities of mined
metals is one of the mysteries of American early history. In any case, no metal objects in a
corresponding scale were found among the indigenous inhabitants of America
the course of a process of synthesis are fed onto a red carrier mass via a bottom
bar. After this mass is fed to a roller, double-stranded helix grows from the head
of the roller.
The relation of machine and process to biochemistry can be seen from the four
colors, was well used in case of the circles in the lower feed bar as in case of the
color of the cups in the rail above. Trivially, with each color we associate a
nucleoside base. In the red substance which is fed into the wheel, we recognize
the DNA scaffold polymer (phosphate deoxyribose) on which the machine grafts
the bases. 38 The process depicted correctly ends with the growth of a twisted
helix from the wheel. To us, the helix above the roller represents the result of the
synthesis - the DNA.

Similar to the discussion of Figure E we now turn to examine the match of

equipment and process comparing the Codex drawing with modern
representation. For the first time, our biochemical interpretation approach
explains the multi-faceted drawing shown in Figure F (a), since our interpretation
assigns a meaning to a formerly obscure and enigmatic drawing. Note, out
interpretation leaves no picture elements unexplained and fits fully and
seamlessly into the biochemical hypothesis. Furthermore, it should be noted that
page 51 of the Codex Borgia is just a picked exam-ple, further pictures of the
Codices, such as page 49 or 68 of the Codex Borgia, all show similar machinery.
If we classified the previously discussed images as representations of protein
synthesis, the chemistry of page 51 of the Codex Borgia starts one step earlier in
the chemistry of life. The drawing doesn't show how amino acid molecules are
polymerized into proteins, but how DNA is synthesized. The machine serves to
synthesize on a deoxyribose substrate nucleotide for nucleotide the strand of a
DNA. For illustrative purposes different scales are combined in one picture. The
molecular process is graphically blown up to a giant model to make it displayable
in combination with the macroscopic apparatus. Using biochemistry as
background for interpretation, the technician suspects the apparatus to be a
sample changer or even recognizes an automated synthesis machine. The
compilation in Figure F (b) illustrates how, we believe, the modern
representation of gene technology and concretely of a gene machine was

38
Building block of DNA: nucleotide = nucleoside plus phosphate residues; Nucleoside =
deoxyribosis plus base. Each nucleotide with the 4 different bases is a building block of DNA.
See Madprime: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1848174
alienated in the Codex Borgia. Even though the modern drawings look more
complex and sophisticated it needs little imagination to recognize the relations to
the machine as the codices show it.

Figure F (a)
Most part of the page 51 of the Codex Borgia 39 (color-enhanced)
Representation of an automaton used in a process to synthesize DNA from the 4 paired
bases ([A, T], [G, C]) (represented by the four-color spheres and the associated colored
cups)

Figure F (b)
Principle and process description of DNA synthesis and an example of a
modern equipment used for synthesis
Left: Simplified description of how DNA synthesis works technically. 40
Middle: Reaction scheme of the chemical process by which an RNA strand is
produced, which is finally completed to form the DNA helix. 41

39
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Codex_Borgia_page_51.jpg
40

https://biocyclopedia.com/index/genetics/genetic_engineering_and_biotechnology_isolation_sequ
encing_and_synthesis_of_genes/gene_synthesis_machines.php
41
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Difference_DNA_RNA-EN.svg
Right: State of the art equipment, a so called 'gene machine' used to run the
process as shown in the drawing at the middle. 42
In the surrounding decoration of the page we detect the glyphs of the amino acids
as well as the symbolism of the DNA-typical double-strandedness, graphically
indicated by splitting branches, in accordance with the biochemical content.

For the authors of the original book, the wheel machine must have been of
eminent significance, indeed it must have been the central technical device.
Drawings of this automaton or its main component, the wheel, are a recurring
motif on many pages with surprisingly little variation. In some cases, the
drawings repeat the whole automaton (e.g. page 18 of the Codex Borgia), in
others only the wheel is reproduced as a central unit, e.g. on page 44. 43 Time and
again it is shown, how the wheel generates a twisted strand using four basic
building blocks – symbolized by the balls introduced above in the colors brown,
red, green and yellow. The inclusion of such a wheel also in the other codices of
the Borgia Group confirms the importance of the wheel machine. In some
pictures the impeller hovers over the drawing like a sun in a partially and
simplified representation, for example in sheet 57 of the Codex Borgia or in sheets
18 and 22 of the Codex Zouche-Nuttall. 44, 45 In the Codex Vaticanus, comparable
to the Borgia code, entire cycles revolve around this machine. Given the meaning
of the message for mankind is not surprising that the same story, the same
forgotten biochemistry, has been handed down in several codices.
In view of the consistency and logic of the proposed biochemical interpretation
of the Central American codices it almost becomes triviality that, in addition to
the Codex Borgia, we repeatedly come across same symbols in drawings of other
codices. Because of the importance of DNA for life the reports are dominated by
representations of double strands, reflecting on the core characteristics of DNA.
DNA is denatured in flasks, illustrated by snakes split at head and tail. DNA
duplication is caught graphically by sketches of twisted strands. Pictorially and
line with actually practiced technique, gene sequences are prepared for
incorporation into the DNA strand, attaching sticky end groups to the segment.
Finally, these segments are linked to build a strand or they are inserting into an
existing DNA strand. Such methods, with which foreign DNA is introduced
using cutting and ligase techniques, are part of the established toolbox of today's
biochemistry. 46
As already stated, to us the roofed machine with its wheel represents an automat
which is used to synthesize DNA from the scratch adding nucleotide by
nucleotide. A technical argument leads to this reasoning of the function of the
automat: Given the chain length of a DNA strand in which many millions of
molecules have to be linked, an automatic synthesis automat becomes almost
indispensable. As evident from Figure F (b), already the making of a DNA
snippet asks for an automized synthesis. Looks like that at earlier times in genetic

42
By Joi - https://www.flickr.com/photos/35034362831@N01/12513436084/, CC BY 2.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=33255789
43 http://www.famsi.org/research/graz/borgia/img_page44.html
44
http://www.famsi.org/research/graz/zouche_nuttall/img_page18.html
45
The codex is classified as of Mixtec culture with a date of origin well before the conquest of
Mexico by the Spaniards.
http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId
=662517&partId=1
46
studmed.unibe.ch/dozfiles/SGal448Mol.gen._Methoden.pdf
engineering, someone on Earth was as advanced or even more advanced than we
are today.
When discussing protein synthesis, we have only touched upon a severe problem
which complicates the creation of an artificial being. The DNA strand not only
encodes the information for protein synthesis and the precept by which given
cells function, at the same time and extremely challenging it codes its own
storage. In an incredible complex compacting process, by means of folding and
winding on protein coils, the DNA chain arranges itself into a most dense and
complicated superstructure. As a result of this compaction a DNA strand, despite
its length of approximately 2 m (mammals), exhibits an effective diameter of only
10 microns.
If we use an existing being at the beginning of a creation, the DNA does not have
to be synthesized molecule by molecule, but the present genome must be
modified appropriately. (A common method which is practiced today in
designing genetically modified food.) A simple approach, as outlined in Figure
A, in which gene segments organize themselves into a functioning DNA strand
in a bath, is of course not feasible and doesn't work. The modification of a given
gene must be carried out in the right place of the strand. In spite of the length of
the DNA chain this is possible, and realized as routine. Modern genetic
engineering has developed suitable solutions and provides them to accomplish
the task. We will turn to these complex techniques when we detect and discuss
them in further pages of the codices.
Comparatively obviously, pages 33 and 34 of the Codex Borgia (Figure G and
Figure I) show the immense extent of lost biochemical high technology. The
pictures explicate the structure and function of DNA at the molecular level, and
in addition, the technique to modify it, albeit as already noted the molecular
structure is presented in a simplified model and in a symbolic language which at
first glance is unfamiliar to us.
Figure G
Page 33 of the Codex Borgia 47 (color enhanced)
Schematic representation of genetic manipulation at the molecular level

In both cases, almost picture filling, a snake meanders through a confusing and
seemingly incoherent imagery. Apart from the phrase 'representation of a cult'
the classic interpretation is unable to say anything meaningful about the image
meanings. E.g., Anders and Jansen recognize in the picture a temple ceremony,
describing the hallucinogenic journey of a priest in a trance. This void idea ranks
as one of the more specific picture understandings. 48 In our biochemical thesis
the meaning of the pictures becomes immediately apparent: Both pictures
explicate a process and deal with the manipulation of the genome.
The mystery hidden in the imagery solves biochemistry as follows: The snakes in
the main part of both sides represent the DNA helix. To allow for the insert of a
process-related picture within the DNA-snake two turns of the winding snake's
body are spread. The insert captures the sample taking of DNA from a proband.
(Looks like the poor guy doesn't like the treatment.) This sample is passed on for
manipulation. In the small drawings on the left edge of the picture shown in
Figure G we recognize the chemical manipulation of a single strand after strand
separation (helicase) of the double helix. In the middle left in the picture of Figure
G the phosphate deoxyribose backbone 'carrier polymer chain' flows from a
spider-like structure which as a chain generator also appears in the following
page 34 of the Codex Borgia. At the top left of the drawing the modified DNA
segment (at the very left edge of the page) connects to this backbone polymer.

47
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Codex_Borgia_page_33.jpg
48 F. Anders und M. Jansen, ‚Schrift und Buch im alten Mexiko‘, S. 142
We come to another detail of the illustrated process, the sub-drawing shown at
the top left of page 33 of the Codex Borgia (Picture G). A first and complex
segmented impeller passes dwarf figures over to a next impeller, which shovels
them onto the freshly synthesized polymer backbone chain. Finally, by means of
the impeller the two polymer chains merge into a single strand, which in a loop-
like structure ends at the tail of the DNA snake.
The same dwarf figures that jumping off the impeller and fed to the DNA snake,
in both pages (Figure G and Figure H) are drawn in between the turns of the
snake's body. We interpret, that in this common occurrence of snake and dwarf
bodies we encounter an expanded symbolism: While we assume that spheres and
glyphs symbolize the basic chemical units of nucleotides and amino acids, we
classify the dwarf figures as symbols for codons (the biochemical bytes), i.e. that
is, each figure between the turns of the DNA snake represents the code for an
amino acid.

Figure H
Page 34 of the Codex Borgia 49 (color enhanced)
Comparable to Figure G: Representation of DNA manipulation, here done by means of
enzymes.

The alleged interpretation of page 33 of the Codex Borgia is supported and

supplemented by the drawings shown on page 34 (Figure H). In comparison, this
page is better preserved at the edges than the page shown in Figure G. The
serpentine meander again forms the dominant central pictorial element. The de
tailed drawings of this page fit seamlessly into the biochemical interpretation

49 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Codex_Borgia_page_34.jpg
approach that we have chosen for the codex in general. In the compilation of the
individual drawing elements we recognize, analogous to page 33 of the Codex
Borgia, a process description employed for DNA modification. The description
of the DNA manipulation begins in the middle of the page, where body fluid (the
red color signals blood) is taken from a victim – proband. In the next step, the
DNA strand out of this sample is spliced into a single stranded chain.
After the separation into a single strand, the spliced chain winds in the graphic
along the left edge of the page through 6 spider-like structures, which, we
believe, represent polyproteins (enzymes). In these 'spider structures' we
recognize giant globular molecules made from amino acids, which are
constituted analogously to the ribosome as depicted in Figure E. Following our
thesis these enzymes modify the DNA strand, or here rather an RNA strand. The
single-strandedness correctly corresponds to the presumed helicase step. Again,
the molecular process is magnified into the gigantic, which enlarges what
happens on molecular level. At the end of the cycle depicted, the enzymatically
modified gene sequence is fed back to the DNA helix, shown at the top of the
drawing. If these changes occur in the germline, it permanently changes the
genome.
The genomic modifications presented by the Codex Borgia on the pages 33 and
34 represent two types of the intervention, either as a targeted chemically selected
change on the DNA strand (page 33, Figure G) or through enzymatic units, which
are graphically alienated into arachnids (page 34, Figure H) and which can
modify a longer segment of DNA in one step.
In current research these methods are new findings that solve a long-standing
puzzle of nucleic acid chemistry. They stand for an important step in
understanding DNA enzymes and their mode of action in DNA modification.
Advanced biochemical processes can be recognized not only in the two drawings
just discussed, but also on other pages of the codices. However, the alienation is
so severe that identifying the biochemical reactions or manipulations is less
obvious than we found in the case of the representations in Figure E, which
unambiguously discloses s the similarity of the graphic presentation (modern
versus codex) of protein synthesis. With a little optimistic view, the pictures in
question could represent crossing-over, 50 transcription activator-like effector
nucleases (TALEN) techniques of recombinant DNA technology. 51, 52
The simplest and at the same time, in its effect the least specific gene modification
is carried out by crossing. The procedure is shown in Figure I. In nature, this
crossing happens as a normal event since it occurs frequently when after
fertilization the cell divides between maternal and paternal chromatids 53 and
recombines genetic information in the offspring. 54

50 https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/biologie-kompakt/crossing-over/2709
51
http://www.himpub.com/documents/Chapter953.pdf
52
https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/biochemie/rekombinante-dna-technik/5328
53
https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/biologie/chromatiden/13902
54 https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/biologie/crossing-over/15784
Figure I
Comparison of Codex images with a model drawing modern understanding of genetic
crossing-over
Left: Detail of page 95 of the Codex Vaticanus 3773B 55
Middle top: Part of page 57 of the Codex Borgia 56
Bottom right: Modern illustration of the steps in crossing-over procedure when
chromosomes combine 57

In Figure I, the process of crossing-over, as modern genetic engineering it

represents, is contrasted with an admittedly quite naive representation taken
from the codex Vaticanus 3773 B.
The best-found matches for CRISPR 58/Cas9 59 and TALEN to modern
representations are exhibited in the codex images shown in Figure J and Figure
K. With some goodwill, both pictures show the same process of gene
manipulation, in the codex graphic on the one hand and the correspondingly
modern form of schematic presentation on the other hand.
Today's version of heredity theory has abandoned Darwin's original apodictic
teaching of the immutability of DNA in a living being insofar as, in addition to
the statistically occurring germline mutations (classic evolutionary theory), the
environmentally-driven modification of DNA plays an active role. The revision
of the original theory of Darwin concedes, adaptation to circumstances
accelerates evolution. Evidence was found that DNA adapts to the environment
and other external influences during life in the living being. Meanwhile also gene
technology can do what nature does for billions of years already. A breakthrough
for the genetic intervention in DNA marks the so-called CRISPR/Cas9
technology, which to the public became popular under the keyword
'programmable gene scissors'. 60, 61 Employing this method, a selected gene
segment can be changed with pinpoint accuracy without affecting the rest of the
genome. The door to a biotechnology that can change living beings artificially

55 http://www.famsi.org/research/graz/vaticanus3773/img_page95.html
56 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Codex_Borgia_page_57.jpg
57 Own drawing according to: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cross-over.jpg
58
CRISPR: Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
59
CRISPR-related sequences. abbreviation for CRISPR-associated sequences (CASs)
60
https://www.mpg.de/11032932/crispr-cas9-mechanismus https://www.spektrum.de/wissen/gen-
editing-die-5-wichtigsten-fragen-zu-crispr-cas9/1441060
61 For the 'development of a method for genome editing' in 2020 the Nobel prize in chemistry was

granted to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna. https://cen.acs.org/biological-

chemistry/gene-editing/CRISPR-genome-editing-2020-Nobel/98/i39
and which is indistinguishable from natural mutation processes has - opened
wide.
Analogous to the schematic description of protein synthesis on page 16 of the
Codex Vaticanus 3773B (Figure E), in the Codex Borgia a drawing exists which
describes an alienated, yet recognizable representation of the CRISPR / Cas9
(Figure J).

Figure J
Comparison of a drawing in the Codex Borgia with a modern model drawing of the
CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology
Left: Page 29 of the Codex Borgia 62 (color-enhanced by image editing and rotated 90° to
the left compared to the original)
Right: Modern illustration of CRISPR/Cas9 63 technique
Encircled is the area of the Codex image, which exhibits a significant match with the
modern representation.

Besides Crossing and CRISPR-Cas9, we likely can identify TALEN as a third

genetic engineering process in drawings of the codices. The TALEN technique is
used to backwrite a modified RNA sequence into the DNA genome. Nowadays
it is exploited as a medical technique for therapy. Worth to note reverse
transcriptase inhibitors are used as active ingredients in AIDS therapy. 64 Like
ribosomes and ligase (ligases are enzymes for linking DNA strands) 65, in reverse
transcriptase an enzyme, i.e. a macromolecule, initiates that 'reversely' not DNA
is copied into RNA but instead RNA is rewritten into DNA. In short, TALEN
modifies DNA enzymatically. The pictures in Figure K contrast corresponding
representations, as illustrated by modern genetics, with the spiders of Figure H,
which we view as enzymes. We think, again the excellent match of the
representations rules out an accidental accordance as an explanation.
To summarize our analysis and assessment: it is more likely that what today's
science is capable to do, the creators could have done as well - probably far better.
We draw the conclusion: like modern genetic engineering, the gods did not leave
evolution to nature, but changed the genes of a predecessor of Homo sapiens and
created humans. If we reverse the argument it follows from our studies that that
modern genetic engineering is on the right track. This conclusion is definitively

62 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Codex_Borgia_page_29.jpg
63

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:15_Hegasy_Cas9_DNA_Tool_Wiki_D_CCBYSA.png
64
https://www.poz.com/basics/hiv-basics/hiv-life-cycle
65 https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/biologie-kompakt/dna-ligase/3176
valid if the assignments made in Figures J and K actually describe the targeted
genetic manipulation technique using CRISPR/Cas9 and TALEN.

Figure K
Graphical representations of gene editing by TALEN technology
Left: Modern illustration of the enzymatic technique with passing DNA, shown at
different perspectives 66
Right: Illustration from the Codex Borgia (left margin of page 34) The full page is shown
in Figure H.

In the codices we come across further representations which suggest an

interpretation of the pictures as technology and/or chemistry. In contrast to the
cases just discussed, we could not identify a mapping to a corresponding modern
technology. Perhaps an expert can uncover an analogy, or perhaps we will have
to wait for progress in today's genetic engineering to explain the technical content
of the glyph. I.e., science hast to rediscover this method, which is currently still
cryptic to us.

Figure L
Pictures copied from the Codex Zouche-Nuttal
Left: Circular glyph, at the Temple of Heaven in Tilantongo 67

66 A. Nga-Sze Mak, P. Bradley, R. A. Cernadas, A. J. Bogdanove, B. L. Stoddard

The crystal structure of TAL effector PthXo1 bound to its DNA target; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22223736
Sciene, 2012 Feb 10; 335 (6069):716-9
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22223736
67
Templo del Cielo en Tilantongo, según el códice Nuttall
Translated into English: Temple of Heaven in Tilantongo, (shown) after the Codex Nuttal
Right: Page 16 of the Codex Zouche-Nuttal 68 which shows the same circular glyphs of
unexplained technical/biochemical meaning. This glyph is also to be found in other
codices such as Codex Vindobonensis Mexicanus 1.

If we are correct in our understanding of the codices, and given the length of time
during which the tradition of lost knowledge continued, we must state, that the
images remain incredibly close to reality. This is only explicable if since
immemorial times the strictest taboo forbade even the slightest changes of the
original message.
When these modifications occur artificially or naturally in the germ line, the
changes are heritable. This is not theory or opinion, since it is easy to quote
examples that the adaptation of genes rapidly occurs to meet new needs
originating from environmental changes or living conditions: If malnutrition
produces dwarf humans in the course of a few generations (factually in case of
the 'homo nanico' in northeastern Brazil) a slow selection process (in the
Darwinian sense) cannot have taken place. Undeniably, in this case the genome
was quickly adapted to the poor living conditions of a group.
In a second exemplified occurrence the plain Darwinian model becomes really
implausible when it excludes environmental adaptation as driving force: In the
far past a bird species on a deserted Seychelles island living without any danger
by predators lost its capability to fly. This species became extinct as a result of a
millennia-long flooding of the island. When the island newly rose above sea level,
within 130.000 years the extinct species reproduced by evolution in all it features,
precisely down to the details of bone structure. This happened after the renewal
immigration of the original parent species from the mainland. This identity in
reproduction remains completely incomprehensible in the event of random
evolution. The researcher Julian Hume who explored this miracle of non-
Darwinian evolution calls his finding an 'iterative evolution'. To us, a bit too
much of coincidence! To our view this example proves the environment to be of
decisive importance in evolution.

At this point, a side-swipe is unavoidable regarding any hubris which all too
surely claims the finality and irrefutable correctness of theories. Just as a
reminder: the Darwinian teaching states that the genes of a living organism are
not changeable. 69 After the finding of the changeability of DNA in a living being,
the since long officially rejected theory of evolution according to Lamarck regains
ground against the claim of exclusivity of Darwinian evolutionary theory.

68
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CNuttall16.jpg
69 http://www.si-journal.de/index2.php?artikel=jg22/heft2/sij222-3.html
Figure M (a)
Page 30 of Codex Borgia 70
Schematic representation of a cell

Figure M (b)
Cell, its components and structure in modern representation
Bottom left: Cell structure and main constituents shown in increasing
magnification 71
Top right: Structure of the cell membrane, 72 characterized by the structure of an
amphiphilic molecule that makes up the cell wall.

70 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Codex_Borgia_page_30.jpg
71

https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=cell+structure&title=Special%3ASearch&g
o=Go&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#/media/File:Animal_cell_structure
_en.svg
72
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CellMembraneDrawing.jpg
Because of the importance of cells as a central building unit and functional unit,
we expect a chapter about cells and cell structure in every book dealing with life.
This requirement also applies for the codices.
Cells are the factories of metabolism and at the same time the smallest unit of life
which in the form of the amoeba already lives autonomously. In form of animals
and plants we face huge cell clusters united to form a living being. E.g., the body
of a human being consists of approximately 1014 (= 100 trillion) cells which
interact in a highly specialized and work-sharing manner.
By size ranking between the molecule and the living being, cells represent the
mesoscopic link in the structure of a being. Its coarse structures are already
visible in a light microscope. Page 30 of the Codex Borgia 73 (see Figure M (a))
clearly fulfills this expectation. A spherical structure is depicted, which is
enclosed by a membrane. This drawing interpreted as a representation of a cell,
we detect the required link regarding the hierarchical structure from molecule to
shape of a large living being.
This page in the Codex Borgia leads over from the molecular dimension to the
microscopic biological size scale. It combines biochemistry with biology. With
some fantasy we may identify main elements of a cell which fill in the inside of
the cell depicted. Of arabesque design, the drawing shows the cell containment
and the interior. The structural feature of the cell boundary is well adapted by
the rods, which build the wall and protrude from the cell membrane. We think,
they reproduce the surface-active lipids. Against a red background (cytoplasm),
the inside fills the symbols that we previously assigned to DNA and nucleotides.
For comparison with the drawing in the Codex, Figure M (b) shows what the
modern representation looks like and to what extent the appearance of the cell in
the Codex Borgia has been alienated. As well as the cell membrane, particular,
the cell nucleus can easily be identified in the Codex representation.
Other structures could depict the Golgi apparatus or mitochondria. The cell
picture shown in the Codex Borgia is framed by the 20 glyphs which we above
identified as the molecular representation of the amino acids. Not for decoration
(only) four gods are shown in the corners of the page. The relationship with
biochemistry is quickly established by considering a few details. Following our
perspective, each of these gods carries a DNA strand (here a 'tree') on his back,
which forks itself at the top in two branches. The forked tree bears balls at its
branches, which we assume to be the constituents of a codon. In accordance
within our interpretation, out of the pipettes held by the gods swell glyphs
standing for an amino acid molecule.
The ability to deliberately intervene in the germline enabled prehistoric genetic
engineers to freely create new species of which Homo sapiens appears to have
been just one species. For this attempts evidence is provided, when the pictures
on some pages of the codices go further than 'just' reporting biochemistry and the
creation of man. We interpret from these drawings that the gods experimented
with crossbreeding between species. They went on step further, which is not
really surprising. If you can do genome modification for breeding new species,
you can also create hybrids, which are crossbreeds between different animal
species. In the Codex Borgia, the focus is on the homunculus, but we also stumble
upon chimeras, that is, exotic hybrids which combine the appearance of different

73
http://www.famsi.org/research/graz/borgia/img_page30.html
animal species. 74, 75 Supported by the context to the other images in the codex that
dealing with genetic engineering we perceive these illustrations as true
representations of real living beings died out by now.
What sounds like fiction will become reality again in the near future. It is to be
expected, or what is rather feared by many contemporaries, that this breeding
technology will become reality in short time. After breeding hybrids has become
the state of the art in case of lower organisms such as bacteria and plants, we will
soon see crossbreeds between humans and animals. 76
Science has put into operation witch's kitchen of hybrid creatures. 77 The breeding
of genetically modified animals as spare part storage for human organs marks
only the beginning. Ethical barriers and even the most dedicated fighters to
restrict progress will neither limit nor halt genetic engineering. 78 After modern
times opened the box of breeding technology, it can't be closed again. In
technology, it is impossible to stop what is possible - especially not in a world
determined and ruled by rivalry and competition. Ability creates space for
freedom of action that will be filled sooner or later. Whether this happens to the
advantage or disadvantage cannot be foreseen a priori. Moreover, it is subjective
since it differs depending on the individual point of view and objectives, and also
depends on conscience, the zeitgeist, the political system and the social
environment. Smarter, faster, healthier ... everything is possible, the natural is
outpaced. 79 Hybrid beings, as they are described in fairy tales and legends or as
they are shown by ancient reliefs, will at some point be bred genetically. Nature
then is likely to be outdated, when alongside natural creatures, cyborgs and
chimeras will populate the world. Art beings will (re)inhabit Earth and rule,
because optimized beings for sure will be superior to the natural ones. 80 Huxley's
'Brave New World' 81 is waiting just around the corner. You better should be
prepared and not be too much astonished when you soon come across the cow-
headed goddess Hathor or the lion-headed Sekhmet.
Parallel to the creation of chimeras, the search for a life-prolonging drug is
underway – with the long-term goal to gain immortality. Current research is
making progress in this field as well. At the very least, it seems possible to slow
down aging.82
With far less ethical ballast than humans, still constrained by laws and ethics,
alien gods created hybrid beasts and hybrid hominids without any concern
which momentarily hampers the creation of monsters. Representations of such
creatures are not only found on the pages of the Mayan codices, a large number
of bas-reliefs in Sumer and Egypt show such beings. As mentioned above, in the
ancient religion of Egypt, animal-faced gods with hybrid appearances are

74 http://www.famsi.org/research/graz/borgia/img_page22.html
75
https://www.bibelwissenschaft.de/wibilex/das-
bibellexikon/lexikon/sachwort/anzeigen/details/mischwesen/ch/79798908395b4d178919cbef2dc2
3855/
76
https://www.scinexx.de/news/medizin/neue-diskussion-um-mensch-tier-mischwesen-2/
77
http://www.welt.de/wissenschaft/article13630275/Bizarre-Mischwesen-aus-der-genetischen-
Hexenkueche.htmlhttp://www.ethikrat.org/dateien/pdf/stellungnahme-mensch-tier-mischwesen-
in-der-Forschung.pdf
78 https://www.ttn.st.evtheol.uni-muenchen.de/publikationen/ttn_edition/ttn_edition1_2015.pdf
79
http://europa-magazin.ch/zone?13@@.eebbf28
80 J. Metzl, ‚Der designte Mensch: Wie die Gentechnik Darwin überlistet‘, Edition Körber (2019)
81 https://dragaonordestino.net/Drachenwut_Blog_DragaoNordestino/Freies-

Konsensforum/Freies-Konsensforum_arquivos/Aldous-Huxley-Schoene-Neue-Welt.pdf
82
Inhibition of nucleotide synthesis promotes replicative senescence of human mammary
epithelial cells, J. A. Junge, J. Yang, F. Seo‡, S. Li, J. Mac,P. Wang, S. E. Fraser und N. A.
Graham; J. of Biological Chemistry
http://www.jbc.org/content/294/27/10564#aff-2 (2019)
commonplace. No observer, no archaeologist, in fact no one is surprised, after all
it is a cult. According to Orthodox teaching, the hybrids symbolize superhuman
abilities by assigning the abilities of the animal used symbolically, be it
cleverness, strength, speed or the ability to fly. In line with the foregoing
discussion we suspect that in many cases there is nothing symbolic in the
representations, rather these beings were displayed according to an existing
original.
The difference to the 'normal' begins in the prehistoric reports with deviations in
stature when myths tell of dwarfs and giants. The differences not only continue,
but increase when the variation of the physiognomy of trolls finally leads over to
animal-men and to beings such as chimeras, sphinxes of centaurs. Specifically,
the Babylonian author Berossus 83 writes about the fish god Oannes, who acted
as a teacher of mankind, and also about other hybrid creatures. 84 He reports:
… In short, there were creatures with limbs of every species of animals. …. Of all
these were preserved delineations in the temple of Belus at Babylon.
Given what we deduced from the codices, maybe the Berossus messages aren't
fairy tales after all?
One hurdle, subordinate to creation, but difficult to skip is the fertility of hybrids.
First of all, cross breeds and art beings are sterile. Nature itself illustrates this
problem: in selected cases, related species can be crossbred, but the hybrids
remain infertile. Probably the best-known example is the crossing of donkey and
horse to a mule, which is not capable of reproduction.
Remarkably, we discover the topic of the sterility of hybrids in the Mesopotamian
myths telling of the creation of man. 85 The myths tell of a second act of creation
in which the creation of the fertile Adam is emphasized as the decisive act of
genesis.86, 87 Only after humans had been made capable of reproduction the
crucial step was done which preceded the release of man into a self-determined
life.
If man was created only as a slave-like servant of the gods, then this specific
purpose of the creation explains the utilitarian relationship and mercilessness of
the creators towards their creatures. In the myths, the gods show no compassion
or inhibitions in dealing with people. At least in old religions, even in the Old
Testament, the good God is rather exception rather than the rule. In our thesis,
God's behavior is not that amazing. Regarding their creatures’ gods are neither
accountable nor considerate. They are neither threatened by hell nor bound by
belief in a higher power. The gods of the old religions, including the god of the
Old Testament, are therefore unholy and angry. As written in the Old Testament,
they have written vengeance and punishment as a motto on their flags and
practice their verdict till the tenth generation. The little respect with which God
treats his people becomes evident in the biblical catastrophes and in the divine

83 Babylonian historian and priest astronomer (~ 300 BC at the time of Alexander the Great). His
books are only preserved in fragments: The ancient fragments: ... containing of Sanchoniatho,
Berossus, Abydenus, Megasthenes, and Manetho. Also, the Hermetic Creed, the old (Egyptian)
Chronicle, the Laterculus of Eratosthenes, the Tyrian Annals, the Oracles of Zoroaster, and the
Periplus of Hanno. Oracles of Zoroaster, and the Periplus of Hanno
84 https://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb10239301_00064.html
85 Zecharia Sitchin, Der zwölfte Planet; Kopp Verlag (Rottenburg 2003) S. 296 ff;

http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sitchin/sitchinbooks_enki02.htm
86
http://www.rafa.at/51a.php
87
http://www.bibelwissenschaft.de/wibilex/das-
bibellexikon/lexikon/sachwort/anzeigen/details/adam-und-
eva/ch/7f27ad92a4116dab9c080228baa23b79/
judgements he imposes on sinners. Away with the scum! Eradicate them by
flood, fire and sulfur. Extermination was the response even to unspecified
misconduct. Resistance was deadly. Already for too little worshiping death
sentence was imposed. Why should God conduct differently? The Almighty,
gods most likely not, could (and can) start anew at any time– and almost
everywhere.
With the figurine of the reptile man, the Ubaid culture has possibly left us the
image of our creator. In an appearance that comes very close to the stature of
humans, the sculptures show a being of slender growth with a pointed head. 88, 89
Crafted figurines with comparable physiognomy are also known from the
Harappa culture. 90 The shape of the skull with the receding forehead and the
long back of the head gives rise to speculation as to whether the grotesque skull
deformations common in ancient cultures, which were enforced through a
bandage in childhood, were practiced according to the image of the creators. 91
This suspicion arises since this skull deformation was practiced worldwide. For
example, it was common in the Basque Country, in South and North America, in
Iran, in China, in Siberia and in the South Sea (Pacific Islands). Probably best
known, are reliefs and busts of some pharaohs in Egypt characterized by
elongated backs of their heads. Not only the pharaohs, but the ancient statue of
the goddess Sekhmet in the Ptah temple in Karnak exhibits this physiognomy. 92

88 http://ancients-bg.com/mystery-of-the-al-ubaid-lizardmen/
89
https://www.freenet.de/nachrichten/wissenschaft/bizarre-schoenheitsideale_726398_4702462.html
90
https://www.harappa.com/blog?page=11
91
https://mysteria3000.de/magazin/der-kult-der-schadeldeformationen/
92 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekhmet_Statues
And God said, let us make man
in our image, according to our
likeness ..
First Book of Moses 1:26

Summary
If we believe in the interpretation of the Mexican Codices which have been
presented, we must assume visitors, that is, extraterrestrials created us. These
creators live on as gods in the traditions and religions of humanity. After proving
the existence of technical gods, do we have to abolish all transcendent religion
and the belief in a true God. Not necessarily we must his existence reject, but we
must perceive his being differently from what historically is believed in
(Jewishness, Christianity, and Islam. Undeniable and according to the concept of
religion, the true God is not and must not be dependent on technical aids. In our
understanding of the technical gods, we do not recognize them to be
transcendent super beings, but regard them as technically advanced profane
beings. They appear powerful because they own high technical, knowledge and
powerful weapons. The true God status, defined by omnipotence and eternity,
they lack.
From our point of view, the information regarding their technical capability for
creation has survived in the Mexican codices, albeit strongly alienated. However,
understanding modern biochemistry is required to understand the ancient
reports. In our interpretation of Old American codices, a bundle of apparently in-
comprehensible pictures, turn out as a description of a lost genetic engineering
which impresses by a strikingly high level of knowledge about chemical
processes, biochemistry, gene engineering and biology. We strongly believe that
the owners of these skills and technology were able to artificially create beings
by modifying the germline. They created man and hybrids.
Early researchers - meaning just a few decades ago - could not contemplate a
biochemical interpretation of the codices because of a lack of knowledge at their
time. Inevitably, previous scholars discussing the representations in the codices
limited themselves to naming the gods depicted. Intellectual despair lead that the
messages were labelled to be 'cult'. No more profound content was considered at
all. Applying weak reasoning they fantasized about ritual and calendar
representations in the pictures. In contrast, we can offer a concrete explanation
instead of idle chatter about cult.
When it comes to the question of how sound or contestable, respectively, the
presented interpretation is, we must be aware that not only sagas and texts, but
also pictures and figures can be interpreted subjectively or can be incorrectly
classified when guided by wishful thinking. In contrast to myths and legends,
however, the scope for interpretation of images is narrower – at least this
judgment applies to historic periods without retouching and without electronic
image editing via Photoshop.
As a discrepancy and a gap in persuasion of our interpretation one could criticize
the narrative language of the codex images, which we perceive fulk of stylized
machines, pictograms and animal symbols. Given all evidences we concluded
that the drawings considered represent technique, amino acids, DNA, enzymes
and so on. As any theory is also our thesis is to a certain extent of subjective
nature. Nevertheless, we think this objection to be non-persuasive, especially
since we consider the interpretation to be consistent and far-off from any
coincidence. Despite arabesque decoration and the use of symbols instead of
formulas, the conveyed message is comprehensive, free of contradictions and
recognizable errors. The authenticity of an ancient message becomes
understandable since the drawings carry taboo knowledge which during eons no
copyist dared to touch. Comparable to today's Bible (except for a schism-
triggering iota) and the Quran the message remained of clear character in detail.
There is every reason for the assumption that the report passed on unmodified
during time.
Apparently, even after the creators disappeared and all knowledge disappeared,
copying continued. In the centuries of blind copying that followed, fashion and
zeitgeist guided the copier's pen. Influenced by contemporary aesthetics, the
copyists, who did not understand the content anymore, repeatedly adapted the
templates to their contemporary fashion. Possibly, the copyist thought that he
upgraded the pictures by decorating them - comparable to the calligraphy
embellishment of medieval Bible transcripts. Instead of using playful typeface,
the Old American copyists revamped abstract formulas and molecular symbols,
drawings of machines and chemical reactions into figurative representations.
Therefore, although they made any effort not to change the content and not to
deviate from the template, creepingly formal motifs were alienated into a
figurative style.
Although words are subject to interpretation and rarely give clear evidence, they
gain weight in combination and context if used as clues. When ancient Mexican
myths report that in T(h?)eotihuacan people became gods, the official research
considers this message a myth. In view of the proposed interpretation of the Old
Mexican codices, this myth from a lost time presents itself in an entirely new
light. Perhaps not humans became gods, but apes became humans? The codices
confront us with realities behind dark and hitherto unrecognized or discarded
messages, which detail descriptions of the technology how to create species. The
self-proclaimed crown of creation becomes a homunculus, an artificial being, at
best a creature.
Hardly to deny, the proposed interpretation of the codes is consistent and
comprehensive. Our analysis and conclusions therefore meet two essential
requirements as demanded by scientific criteria. Recognized to be true our
interpretation asks for a paradigm shift in the history of mankind. We did not
completely reject Darwin’s assessment, but have inserted a creator into the line
of ancestors between the Darwinian 'ape'. Man came into being, by genetic
engineering. In result, this finding effects an evolutionary discontinuity in the
genesis.
The whole culture of Old America is oozing of blood, shed not because of war
but of rituals. For centuries, the Central American peoples practiced ritual human
sacrifices, which degenerated into mass slaughter. During time slaughter become
cult and temples turned into slaughterhouses. As already stated we strongly
believe: No cult without reason! The question arises: What occasion in history
triggered this religious carnage? The biochemical interpretation of the codices
provides a plausible, one could say, decisive clue: the heinous excesses can be
traced back to the red genetic engineering practiced by the creators. The bloody
cult originates from and starts with in our genesis. Men did not understand what
their gods were doing, but that their gods used tissue and blood 93 as raw
material, this fact people saw and internalized this observation in their thinking.
At some point the tradition of the bloody act of creation got out of control. Bailiffs,
who had been instated as guards, became murder machines that, due to a
misunderstanding, spilled blood, the juice of the gods, in ever greater quantities.
We can speculate whether the gods deliberately equipped their creature with all
kinds of flaws and defects, which made man not only useful as slave but also as
a laboratory rat a more interesting object of study. May be, gods made man a
chaotic, cruel, irrational and therefore interesting toy. Is Earth with its peoples,
plants and animals, contrary to Nick Bostrom's assumption, not a virtual world
in a computer, but a laboratory? Are the old gods only invisible, but still present?
The question remains: When, why or where did they disappear? Are they still
watching us? Might be, one day the gods will pull the plug when they get tired
of humanity, or when the human dilettantes uncover the secrets of the creators
and soar themselves into creators.
Not only virtually, but also de facto, extinction does not require much effort: a
gamma-ray burst, or a supernova that is too close, or a giant asteroid are
sufficient for total annihilation.

93
However, blood does not contain DNA. In gene technology blood is an almost undesired side
effect, although it gives the technology its name.
https://gentechniken.de/rote-gentechnik-kreativ-und-wagemutig/
For men were created subject to this law,
to keep to that globe, which you see in the
center of this region and which is called
the Earth; and to them a soul was given
formed from those everlasting fires, which
you mortals call constellations and stars,
that, round and spherical in form, alive
with divine intelligences, complete their
orbits and circles with marvelous
swiftness.
Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43 BC)
Somnium Scipionis (De re publica 6, 9-29)

Criticism and Weaknesses in the Story of

Creation
In the previous chapter we have decided to choose a critical to dangerous
interpretation approach. Investigations and discussions starting with a strong
hypothesis should be considered with caution. It wasn't just Popper who warned
that in doing so the danger exists that preconceived opinions will distort facts.
Wishful thinking triggers selective perception and factual distortion, it narrows
the perspective and ultimately impairs the objective view. Classifying the codices
as books of biochemistry and then using them as evidence for the creation of man
is not free of these pitfalls. Concerns and caution are warranted because the
derived theory of the creation of man in essential aspects contradicts the
established history of mankind. This contradiction should not and must not be
ignored without comment.
The spread of today's people from their native Africa across the globe is accepted
doctrine, supposedly well researched and is supported by good arguments.
Scientifically reliable and convincing, human relationships in descent derive
from the comparison of DNA using the mutation rate of mitochondrial DNA as
marker. The analysis is based on the fact, that certain variants of a nucleotide
sequence (haplotype) on the chromosomes are genetic markers for individuals
and people. Entire populations can be identified as related via this pathway. In
addition to the genetic trace, the currently taught history of social and technical
developments supports the theory of the spread of man across the world.
Linguistically, glottochronology can arrange the languages of the world into a
time grid in line with the mutation rate of DNA. Looking backwards this
linguistic approach suggests the separation and disintegration of today's
languages from a primal language.94 As in most cases, a closer look reveals gaps
and questions in the elaborated view. These questions arise since it became
evident that human settlement of the world is much more complicated in detail
than a glance at the map of genetic kinship suggests.
Despite all the shortcomings of today's doctrine, the contradiction between the
current scholar regarding the appearance and spread of humans and the

94
Quentin D. Atkinson; Phonemic Diversity Supports a Serial Founder Effect Model of Language Expansion from Africa,
Science 15 Apr 2011: Vol. 332, Issue 6027, pp. 346-349
proposed thesis about their formation through interventions in the genome can
only be resolved by further assumptions. Options for an explanation are as
follows: man didn't conquer the planet by migration, but through externally
controlled resettlement. Or, also possible, the prehistoric geneticists created and
experimented locally on their "Adam" and created him several times in slight
variations.
When one of these theses turns out tenable, the paleontological line of ancestors
is based on an impermissible prejudgment, since it suggests a spread which
instead more correctly should be described by a parallel existence of modern man
in geographically distant regions. If man is a multi-created or forcible relocated
art being, the whole history of his spreading turns out to be a peculiar irony of
historic teaching, since there has never been a spread by migration. The miracle
of the breathtaking speed with which modern man populated distant continents
would then be resolved.
Not only us need to be aware of the danger which comes along with a discussion
that rests on a (too) strong hypothesis or, what is even worse, is based on
preconceived opinion. Every scientist must weigh up each argument and every
fact twice before drawing conclusions. Incidentally, the same demand applies to
the supporters of the established doctrine, even if the approval of the battalions
of scholars, which is justified by the sacrosanct status of the agreed doctrine,
backs them up. Objectivity is always jeopardized as soon as, instead of doubt and
critical view, a scholarly agreement, euphemistically preached as a prevailing
opinion, determines the discussion. If it says: 90% plus all scholars believe that ...
extreme caution is required. Contrary to the doctrine, which until recently was
largely treated as a fact, recent discoveries have revealed how shaky the house of
cards of the official doctrine on the spread of modern man is. In case of teeth,
recently found in China and assigned to modern humans, an age of at least eighty
thousand years was determined. 95 With this result, the region was suddenly
settled fifty thousand years earlier than the conventional theory of expansion
conceded to the appearance of humans in southern ChinaMeanwhile proven not
only China was settled by Homo sapiens much earlier than previously thought.
According to recent finds, the Homo sapiens settled Europe even much earlier
than China, at about 200,000 BC.96 Found at an archaeological excavation site in
Israel bones of Homo sapiens were dated to be 190,000 years old. Skulls of Homo
sapiens, found in Greece, are estimated to be 210,000 years old. The initial thesis,
which favored an alternative in the interests of rescuing the previous thinking,
that this find in Greece belongs to a transitional species between European Homo
erectus and Neanderthals has proven untenable. In Germany, the presence of a
developed human species in an excavation site at Schöningen, Lower Saxony
near Helmstedt, was dated back to 330,000 years BC.97 In this place, in addition
to bones, elaborate and artistically crafted spears and – important for
civilizational classification – remnants of sacrificial rituals with horse skeletons
were found. The arrangement of the skeletons points to an animistic, i.e. religious
world view. Already for these early people religion (ancestor worship) seems to
have been an important aspect in their social behavior and society. Based on the
skull classifications the camp site is assigned to the Homo heidelbergensis, a

95 https://www.scinexx.de/news/biowissen/china-homo-sapiens-schon-vor-80-000-jahren/
96 https://www.scinexx.de/news/geowissen/aeltester-homo-sapiens-europas-entdeckt/
K. Harvatic. Röding, A. M. Bosman, F.A. Karakostisr. green, C. Stringer, P. Karkanas, N. C.
Thompson, V. Koutoulidis, L.A. Moulopoulos, V. G. G. and M. Kouloukoussa; Nature 7 (2019),
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1376-z
97 Harald Haarmann, Forgotten Cultures of World History, C.H. Beck, Munich (2019)
subgroup of Homo erectus.98 Accordingly, the forehead was flat, the head
elongated and the brain volume about 10% smaller than that of modern man. Not
really compelling arguments for the classifying of the camp as belonging to
Homo erectus. The shape of the head taken as argument is a weak hint, since
skull deformations caused by bandaging can be found in several peoples until
modern times. A 10% smaller brain volume equals today's difference between a
man and a woman, without the man being considered smarter. In fact, the more
decisive criterion for intelligence is not the size of the brain, but its blood
circulation.99 To whom 330.000 BC appears very early, should look at the
excavation run by J. Hublin. His findings proved the presence of Homo sapiens
in Morocco at 300,000 BC.100 This is about the time of the Schöningen homo and
besides 100,000 years earlier than the evidences found for the presence of Homo
sapiens in Greece. In view of the out of Africa thesis it seems bizarre when the
latest research locates the development of the upright gait to Bavaria region at
about 11.6 million years ago.
Just as strange and unexplained for the back and forth of the migratory
movements, a significant migrant group at around ~ 3000 BC returned (?) back to
the allegedly home of modern man to Africa. (Does this resonate in the Bible,
where the descendants of Ham populate the south?) Anyway, what formerly
appeared to us as pre-historic Stone Age, looks in view of the new time table of
prehistory almost like yesterday.
The early presence of Homo sapiens in Europe and Morocco, at that time still
connected by an isthmus with Iberia, and the tooth finds in China are both facts
which are not or at best insufficiently explained in the current paleotonic model.
With or without a creator, history of humanity is currently being rewritten,
backdated in time not by millennia, but at least by two hundred thousand years.
This development in understanding proves how foundations believed to be
understood are far less solidly founded than we imagine. If the established
doctrine of prehistory struggles with the necessity of backdating, the alternative
of creation, targeted colonization and resettlement by technically savvy
extraterrestrials, who also functioned as cultural bearers, offers a suitable model.
The currently cultivated understanding of the development of man and his
colonization of the planet rests, given the Chinese and European fossil finds, on
too many assumptions.
For a long time and at regular intervals, the late settlement of the American
continent by man has been called into question. 101 The kinship between the
Indians of North and South America and the Siberians is genetically secured. But
how and when the migration over the glacial ice, or over the land bridge of a dry
fallen Bering Strait, and then continuing over the isthmus between North and
South America took place, is more faith than knowledge. Completely
unexpected, it also turns out that only the majority, but not all, of the Indians of
America originate from Asia.
The revision of the previous migration model begins with the demand for an ice-
free land bridge between Asia and America, over which settlement should have

98 https://www.heise.de/tp/features/Geistiger-Urknall-3387834.html
99 https://www.wissenschaft-
aktuell.de/artikel/Blutduerstiges_Gehirn_steigerte_die_Intelligenz_der_fruehen_Menschen17710
15590211.html
100
https://www.mpg.de/11820357/mpi_evan_jb_2017
101
http://www.geo.de/magazine/geo-epoche/10720-rtkl-besiedlungsgeschichte-wer-war-zuerst-
amerika
taken place. Demanding a land connection is suggestive, but in no way a
mandatory requirement for migration. The almost circumpolar home of the Inuit
teaches how the Arctic can be settled from the North Cape to Siberia to Greenland
even without ice-free land bridges. Two waves of migration are brought into play
as a compromise for the presence of Indians of non-Siberian origin partially
saving the old teaching. According to this amended thesis, a first immigration
took place along the ice sheet of the Arctic Ocean from the east - i.e. Europe - to
the west. Only thereafter a second wave of immigrants, which was previously
exclusively recognized, crossed the Bering Strait from west to east. And of
course, the first immigration happened on a shifted time scale, much earlier than
formerly assumed.
For the added immigration from Europe, the new time frame is set from 23,000
to 19,000 years BC. Employed arguments include the crafting and shape of tools
in archaeological finds, genetic kinship with Europeans and linguistic
peculiarities of the Algonkin language family, which is widespread in
northeastern America. These immigrants consistently followed the route and
spread along from the east. They settled and still live today primarily in the
northeast of America (essentially Canada around the St. Lawrence River).
Immigration from Siberia via the Beringa in at least three waves is dated
significantly later than 11,500 BC.102 If mammoth traps (with the remains of
slaughtered mammoth, camel and horse) found in Mexico are dated back 15,000
years, the entire time scale of settlement previously adopted proves inevitably in
need of revision. A double problem. For immigrants from the east and their
assumed settlement area, Mexico is too south and according to the timescale cited
above the Siberians had not crossed Beringa yet.
In addition to these two migrations reaching the northern hemisphere, the
Polynesia hypothesis exists for the south, which Thor Heyerdahl came up with,
even if he was only travelling the Pacific with his raft in a west-east direction.
According to vague legends, expeditions sent by Inca rulers are said to have
traveled the Pacific in both directions, i.e. also from west to east. Nevertheless,
the Polynesia hypothesis remains a very theoretical option. 103 A sensational find
reschedules timing into another historic era. According to this Homo - not
necessarily - sapiens dwelled in California at around 130,000 BC. 104 If this find
can be verified beyond doubt, it will cause any classic settlement and migration
model to collapse. As a result of a true proof, one must assume that in an interim
period, man had become extinct in America.
Two other facts shed light on how complex the situation is. The oldest culture in
Central America has left behind huge stone heads with clearly negroid features.
105, 106 Classical archeology has no explanation but rejects the idea of the presence

of Africans in prehistoric Central America. The occurrence of an ethnic group,

the Chachapoya in Peru, baffles the scholars completely.107 Members of this tribe
have retained a light-skinned and European appearance, in spite of an

102
H. Haarmann, Vergessene Kulturen der Weltgeschichte; S. 29- 36; C. H. Beck, München
(2019)
103
https://www.scinexx.de/dossierartikel/alte-seewege/
104 S. R. Holen, T. A. Deméré, D. C. Fisher, R. Fullagar, J. B. Paces, G. T. Jefferson, J.M.
Beeton, R. A. Cerutti, A. N. Rountreyl. Vescera and K.A. Holen; Nature 544, pp. 479-483, (2017)
105 http://www.puertovallarta.de/puerto-vallarta-blog/2009/07/die-ersten-entdecker-amerikas-die-

olmeken/
106
https://www.wissenschaft.de/allgemein/olmeken-die-gruendervaeter/
107
H. Haarmann; Vergessene Kulturen der Weltgeschichte; p. 144-150; C.H, Beck, Munich
(2019)
intermingling with other tribes in modern times. Genetic analysis proves that the
Chachapoya don't just look like Europeans, they have European ancestors. Their
actual origin from Europe is deduced from the genetic component R1b, which is
an exclusive European one. 108 Since this mutation did not exist before 18,000
BC,109 a group of European emigrants must have made the trip across the Atlantic
to South America at a not too distant prehistoric time.
Not only for the American continent we are undoubtedly facing great confusion
and no reliable knowledge about when and how modern man has settled which
regions and which continents. In view of the revision in progress, it must be
stated that the original hypothesis of the prehistorians concerning the settlement
of America was wrong and misled them for a long time. Some still cling to the
shadow of a traditional understanding by questioning everything that does not
fit their worldview. They question everything but their own understanding.
Our proposed interpretation of the Mexican codices raises questions about the
established, regarding the former world view as well as the new one, which is
currently emerging. We think, also the presently discussed revised one remains
insufficient. How could our thesis of creation be checked independently of myths
and codices? Genetic manipulation of humans should have left a discontinuity in
their genome development. Nobody has yet analyzed the DNA mutations from
the point of view whether mutations of the DNA in the evolution of Homo
sapiens show leaps in change which exceed the natural and environmental
mutation rate.110 A problem arises, when this analysis assumes that the first
appearance of Homo sapiens can be linked to a certain date. In this approacht we
currently are ending up with an unsolvable circular reasoning.
When reasoning about the creator’s home we cannot exclude that the scientists
behind the Mexican codices were humans and that today we are living in a time
of a second technological heyday. In this case, a first global civilization would
have perished in a cataclysm that would have thrown humanity back from a
high-tech society to the Stone Age. Presumably, since after the total cataclysm all
resources for reconstruction were lacking, only few and enigmatic relics of earlier
knowledge were preserved after the disaster. The missing finds of a prehistoric,
high-tech civilization weigh heavily as an argument against our thesis, but on the
other hand, nothing lasts forever. Another question to ask is, would we even
recognize prehistoric objects of a past technological era if the technology was
clearly different from ours?
There may be various answers to the question of where and by whom the newly
identified knowledge in the codices stems from. In any case, the discovery of the
scientific content of the codices is sufficiently plausible and consistent that it adds
an argument to the request to check the present view of human history. The
explanation of the creation of man derived from the codices alone should be a
sufficient stimulus for a factual examination of classical theory.
Finally, some philosophical considerations. By assigning to man a place as an art
being the immortal soul and all divine in declaration of existence disappears.
Genetic creation taken as fact, ruins man self-perception and his position in the
world. To exist as an external creation means a disaster for every free spirit, since
man is then neither self-sufficient nor born free. He fidgeted - and perhaps still

108 https://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_R1b_Y-DNA.shtml
109
http://desax.com/herkunft-der-desax-von-disentis/von-adam-und-eva/vaterliche-abstammung/haplogruppe-r1b/ /
110
The in genetic genealogy as UEP (UniqueEvent polymorphism) is more obscured than he explains. The question remains:
how great can the leap found in all individuals of subsequent generations be? (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unique-
event_polymorphism)
fidgets - on threads that once held him. All theological visions are vain, there is
no afterward for an art being. The possibilities of a technical creator are too scarce
to create a transcendent eternal being. Not to mention of the ability to breath into
a living being an immortal soul. Bertolt Brecht has summarized his related
conclusion in verse form:

Don't be seduced
to drudgery and exhaust!
What else you can be afraid?
You will die as all animals
And nothing comes after. 111

Back to prehistory let us digress to a connected topic. There are many indications
that the first civilizations did not arise because hunter-gatherers decided to
devote themselves to agriculture and cattle breeding rather than hunting, but the
change was imposed upon externally.
Indeed, the assumption of an evolutionary development of civilization already
gets stalled when it is asked to explain the first step to high culture. Why should
a society that lives with a workload that takes up barely ten percent of the time
of day voluntarily opt for the everyday drudgery as it is common for sweaty
fieldwork? (Please do not consider modern age workaholics to be a normal).
Besides, the choice of places for the founding of civilizations fell on inhospitable
regions. Then as now, the fever-infested swamps on the banks of large rivers, the
jungles of their deltas and the impenetrability of the mangrove forests are not
really inviting. In the higher situated and fertile areas, it was possible to plant
with the digging stick without much preparation. When the soil was depleted,
the tribe moved on. The natives of Amazonia or New Guinea still cultivate such
a lifestyle today - or just do so again.
Neither misery nor necessity can have triggered the settling down and initiate
intensive farming. The river civilizations emerged at the end of the ice age, hence
at a time when there was no shortage of water. Today's great deserts were only
at their beginning, and in the north, behind the receding ice, life-friendly zones
became accessible for the settlement. Thus, living space was abundant and any
weaker group could easily avoid the threat of a stronger one. The struggle for
survival had not yet escalated into such a crisis that later drove the Venetians into
the swamps as they fled from marauding barbarian hordes. However, we need
to know, war and struggle existed and were astonishingly common in the very
early periods of society and even outside of the high cultures. What caused
conflicts resulting in thousands of deaths in the Stone Age of Europe (from 5000

111 Brecht’s original verse: (Sorry for poor translation).

Laßt euch nicht verführen
zu Fron und Ausgezehr!
Was kann euch Angst noch rühren?
Ihr sterbt mit allen Tieren
Und es kommt nichts nachher.
BC on)?112 Who fought whom and why? Who brutally eradicated his neighbors /
enemies? These are unsolved mysteries.113
Little attention is paid to the fact that earliest ancient cultures, which perished
almost traceless, were not situated along rivers. The megalithic cultures of
Central Europe preceded the advanced cultures of the Egyptians and Sumerians
by millennia. Without written records left behind, they are less present in
research and thoroughly not understood. As a remnant of their time, we come
across the worldwide phenomenon of the setting of giant stones, from these
derives the naming of the age. In case of these cultures we stumble upon another
mystery. It is unlikely that geographically distant and purportedly isolated
cultures developed the same technology and realized the same giant stone
settings independently of each other. 114 It is unknown by what technical means
the giant stones were transported and finally put in upright position. Really
puzzling is why societies that were capable of gigantic stonework simply
disappeared. Not just these mysteries quoted a number of other questions
regarding prehistory are unsolved. Fact is too unconventional answers are
unwanted.
Just three of these questions for teaser: Who perforated the Alps like a Swiss
cheese? Who built the Newgrange tumulus and the hypogeum in Malta? Do we
also have to consider alien intervention when civilization moved from Central
Europe to the beforehand desolate marshes of Egypt and the Middle East? We do
not know the answer.
The mentioned problems of the origin of the river civilizations, which still have
an effect in the present day, is resolved by classical historical science through the
ad hoc introduction of a hierarchical society. According to this thesis, hierarchy
arose due to the constraints associated with intensive agriculture and water
management. Without wanting to come across too disrespectful, I am aware of
less conspicuous circular conclusions.
Paradigm shifts are unpopular, but explanations by uncovering superordinate
structures are a tempting goal. In the past there have been several attempts to
compress the confusing details of the history of civilization into an overarching
scheme, striving to explain history holistically and developing it as science
beyond the status of a collection of facts. The approach was set by the hope of
knitting a template for the prediction of future developments by uncovering
recurring processes and overarching structures. The best known and successful
of these historians undoubtedly was Karl Marx, who systematized history as a
class struggle. His understanding of history, more correctly his history of society,
is put forward by inner logic and represents one of the more convincing
approaches. Unfortunately, his vague ideas for overcoming class society failed
when they were implemented in real politics. Instead of creating flourishing
landscapes with happy people, Marxism in practice led to the deaths of hundreds
of millions of people. With his ruthlessness in persecuting and enforcement of its
methods Marxism destroyed environment and societies. Marx’s theory used for
template illuminates a weakness of any future prediction which starts from the
present status and assumes that the present circumstances will continue

112 https://web.rgzm.de/fileadmin/Gruppen/Verlag/PDF-Dateien/Open_Access/Detlef-
Gronenborn_Faszination-Jungsteinzeit.pdf
113
G. Lidke, T. Terberger, D. Jantzen; Das bronzezeitliche Schlachtfeld im Tollensetal - Krieg,
Fehde oder Elitenkonflikt? In: H. Meller/M. Schefzik (Hrsg.), Krieg - Eine archäologische
Spurensuche.; ttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/299537145
114 http://www.emsland.com/fileadmin/mediendatenbank/pdfs/megalithkultur.pdf
enduringly. Since Marx lived in a period marked by agriculture and at the
beginning of industrialization, to him soil was one of the three essential resources
alongside labor and capital. Different to today, during his era environment and
raw materials were not production factors yet. From today's perspective, Marx,
too, was led astray by the zeitgeist.
Arnold Toynbee offers a completely different explanation for the course of
history 115 proclaiming the concept of a progressive cultural development, in
which after its time of prosperity in a period of solidification and alienation a
cultural revival replaces the existing. To him a long cycle may last for millennia,
which makes a proof difficult. Nevertheless, this explanation has caught on and
has shaped the image of history and society to this day. Samuel P. Huntington
developed the Toynbee approach to the thesis of a 'clash of cultures' which makes
the concept adopted to modern times. 116 In extending and adapting Toynbee's
model and in view of a globalized world, Huntington does not consider cultures
in sequence but in parallel existence. He presumes that these cultures are in
conflict with each other. (Looks reasonable from present perspective.)
Basically, the "historians" always deliver the same chatter, with daring
interpretation, skillful omissions and rhetorical finesse they interpret history to
fit into their preconceived opinion. As profound as the thoughts and arguments
of the philosophers of history appear, they are nonsense. Nonsense not just in
result, but from the outset. Already Heraclitus (535 - 475 BC) with biting mockery
made fun of contemporary 'all-rounders' and called them the 'army leaders of the
babblers.
Even without quoting Heraclitus, the verdict is final and undeniable: chaotic
systems evade in principle any systematization. Already the attempt is
unreasonable. What is left to forecast developments and assess decisions is
common sense (and, finally as the very last option, the courage to leave gaps in
reasoning).
This intrinsic weakness of historical models is known to the (some) protagonists,
but well suppressed. As Toynbee self-critically and rightly notes: a thinking
template used as a crutch for an understanding is in the analysis of sources
pointless, since conclusions derived from circular conclusion cannot bring any
progress in knowledge. This assessment sounds like a quote from Popper.
As a saying goes: Knowing of the past helps, but is worthless in predicting the
future. Although no other approach exists, historical research remains a
misleading at best an insufficient guide when planning the future, and does not
protect against errors or wrong conclusions. While there are no guardrails in
‘futurology’, but no one is without a template. We all are shaped by zeitgeist and
caught up in trained thought patterns. Even the philosophers of history cannot
escape the today. In the present age of Internet and mass communication
threatens agreed truth, the do-gooders, and the altruistic plea, which alternately
replace evidence and logic, the free thinking. What comes along under the label
of 'political correctness' is worse than zeitgeist because it furtively enforces
censorship and thought police.
It gets annoying and irritating when facts become too swiftly trivialized
according to prevailing opinion and fashion. In the science of history, to the (idle)

115
Arnold J. Toynbee; Der Gang der Weltgeschichte; Verlag Zeitausendeins und in Menschheit
und Mutter Erde; Claassen Verlag (Düsseldorf 1979)
116 Samuel P. Huntington; Clash of Cultures; Europaverlag München-Vienna (1997)
tune of explanatory pattern belongs the chatter about cult. There is good reason
to stay skeptical because of its intellectual hollowness. Cult as an explanation
conceals the more honest admission: We don't know! The classification of a
picture, a myth, or a religion as a cult saves worldviews because it simulates
understanding and avoids the step out of the box of learned thinking. The
enclosure of mind due to acceptance of the learned prevents new thinking. There
is good reason why scientific progress often originates from young scientists.
Their thinking is still open minded. To give an example, the young discoverers
of the structure of DNA were regarded by the established con-temporary experts
of this area more likely as dilettantes than as future Nobel laureates. Some science
historians seriously argue that the rapid progress of science in the 1920s occurred
because a whole generation of teachers died on the battlefields. May be some
truth in it, but the idea overstates one aspect.
Instead of glossing ignorance of an enigmatic history or of misunderstood
artifacts it is a reasonable demand to at least consider the options for an
explanation. As stated above, it is not possible to make predictions for the future
from historical experience. However, an explanation of the past - even on basis
of weak sources - must have more substance than mere opinion.
While the unprovable has to be accepted and at best can be elucidated from the
context, it is an obligation to find such a situation unsatisfactory. In order not to
give room to conspiracy theory or wild speculation, the good intentions and
inner logic are insufficient. But what can be done if the inevitable zeitgeist and
strong opinion of establishment dominate the understanding? Undoubtly, truly
reliable and unforgeable touchstones are offered by mathematics and the natural
sciences. As long as we move within the guard rails which are set by
measurement or by calculation, we can avoid dead ends and wooden paths, at
least check our considerations for their resilience. In doing so, meandering
arguments and views become a straight path. The theories of modern natural
science may be incomplete, but they are proven in their capability to describe and
predict. Building the basis of our technology they have proven to be correct.
Classical archeology generally uses the natural sciences as an aid, for example by
using chemical and physical analysis to determine the age of artifacts. For
historical times this is a tried and tested procedure, but it is only of limited
suitability beyond the time horizon of the catastrophic events we have in mind.
Exceeding mere analytics in the consistency check of dark, largely artifact-free
messages, math and science can evince options. They can exclude or reinforce
explanatory models.
Mathematics provides the most incorruptible yardstick. In field of theoretical
physics, math not only serves as an aid for describing nature, but also ensures
progress in knowledge beyond the measurement result. If we examine options,
arguments and clues with their counterfeit-proof logic, we still remain prisoners
of our limited cognitive ability, but, the magnifying glass we use to check the
arguments is free from blind spots. When analyzing the Mexican codices,
biochemistry has provided us with the foundation and touchstones of our
interpretation. In the following chapters we will use physics and mathematics as
our guardrails of reasoning.