REVIEW ENGLISH PHONETICS & PHONOLOGY - DH08NNAD

ASSIMILATIONS - ELISIONS - WEAK FORMS : ĐỒNG HÓA ÂM - NUỐT ÂM - ÂM YẾU

I. ĐỒNG HÓA ÂM : ASSIMILATIONS

Quy tắc 1:
• Âm /t/ được phát âm thành /p/ nếu đứng trước âm môi /p/, /b/, /m/, /w/:
Right place / raippleis/ Might make / maipmeik/ White bird / waip bə:d/ Might win /maipwin/

• /t/ được phát âm thành /k/ nếu đứng trước /k/ và /g/:
Might come /maikkʌm/ Might go /maikgou/

Quy tắc 2:
• Âm /d/ được phát âm thành /b/ nếu đứng trước âm môi /p/, /b/, /m/, /w/:
Hard path / hɑ:bpɑ:θ/ Should make / ∫ubmeik/ Good boy / gub bɔi/ Should win /∫ubwin/

• /d/ được phát âm thành /g/ nếu đứng trước /k/ và /g/:
Bad cold /bægkould/ Should come /∫ukkʌm/ Bad gate /bækgeit/ Should go /∫ukgou/

Chú ý: Đối với các âm /t/ và âm /d/ có cùng hiện tượng đồng hóa âm xảy ra như sau:

1. Nếu cả hai âm đó đứng trước âm /s/ thì sẽ đồng hóa âm thành âm /s/:
Good song / gussɔη/ That salad / ðæs 'sæləd/

2. Nếu cả hai âm đó đứng trước âm /z/ thì sẽ đồng hóa âm thành âm /z/:
Bad zone / bæzzoun/ That zoo / ðæzzu:/

Âm /z/ sẽ đồng hóa âm thành âm /∫/ và âm /ʒ/ khi đứng trước /∫/ và /j/
Those shop / ðouʒ∫ɔp/ These sheep /ðiʒ∫i:p/

Quy tắc 3: Âm /n/ được phát âm thành /m/ nếu đứng trước âm môi /p/, /b/, /m/, /w/
gone past /gɔmpɑ:st/ seen Bill /si:mbil/ ten men /temmen/

Viết phiên âm và sử dụng đồng hóa âm (nếu có)

1. "Why don't you put better lock on the door, Barbara"? said John
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2. Although his both legs were broken in the crash, he managed to get out of the car before it exploded.
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3. I haven't eaten this kind of food before.
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4. The architect has drawn plans for an extension to the house.
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5. It isn't necessary for you to finish by Saturday
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6. "How many survivors are there?", asked the journalist.
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7. It was such rotten meat that it had to be thrown away.
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8. It is essential that Professor Van Helen is met at the airport.
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9. You can't visit the USA unless you have a visa.
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10. "Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet"? asked Peter.
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11. She started working as a secretary five years ago.
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12. She knows a lot more about it than I do.
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13. My French friend finds driving on the left difficult.
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14. They think the owner of the house is abroad.
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15. We didn't go on holiday because we did not have enough money.
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16. The children couldn't go swimming because the sea was rough.
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17. The mechanic serviced my car last week.
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18. I'm always nervous when I travel by air.
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19. He couldn't afford to buy the car.
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20. "Why don't you put your luggage under the seat?"he asked.
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21. Although he had a good salary, he was unhappy in his job.
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II. ELISIONS: NUỐT ÂM

1. Phụ âm “v” trong “of” khi nó đứng trước phụ âm.

lots of them / ’lɒts əv ðəm / => / ’lɒts ə ðəm /

2. Những âm yếu sau p, t, k (thường là âm ə).

Potato / pə'teitəʊ / => / p'teitəʊ /

Tomato / tə'mɑ:təʊ / => / t'mɑ:təʊ /

Canary / kə'neəri / => /k'neəri /

3. Phụ âm ở giữa trong nhóm phụ âm thức tạp

Looked back / ‘lʊkt’bæk / => / ‘lʊk’bæk /

Acts / ækts / => / æks /

4. /t/ và /d/ bị mất khi xuất hiện với những cụm phụ âm.
Next day /nekst dei/ => /neks dei/
Carved statuette /ka:vd stæt∫u’et/ => /ka:v stæt∫u’et

Viết phiên âm và sử dụng nuốt âm (nếu có).

22. I'm sorry I missed your birthday party.
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23. They haven't cleaned the streets this week.
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24. Apples are usually cheaper than oranges.
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25. I advice you to put your money in the bank.
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26. That restaurant is so dirty that no one wants to eat there.
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27. I'll pick the children up if you like.
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28. He objected to the fact that his secretary came to work late.
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29. Tom is the most industrious pupil.
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30. She isn't accustomed to life in London
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31. "Don't forget to phone the office,"she told him.
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32. I'm afraid I haven't got time to listen to you.
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33. The police has just released John.
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34. I couldn't hear them because they were speaking too softly.
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35. We spent five hours getting to London.
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36. I get to work in 20 minutes.
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37. It is necessary that this work be finished by Monday.
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38. It's a pity I didn't take my doctor's advice.
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39. The bread is so tale we can't eat it.
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40. Who does this bag belong to?
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41. My boyfriend is very short-tempered.
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42. You can use it as long as you like, and it won't wear out.
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III. WEAK FORMS: ÂM YẾU

Bảng weak forms pp 40-41
Note: Vị trí dứng đầu và cuối thì nó là âm mạnh.
Viết phiên âm và sử dụng âm yếu (nếu có).
43. If the work is finished by lunchtime you can go home.
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44. How have you been getting on with your inquiries?
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45. I gave Ted the massage, but he already knew about it.
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46. The trains couldn't run because of the snow.
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47. I didn't arrived in time to see him.
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48. I'm sorry I was rude to you yesterday.
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49. She didn't hurry, so she missed the train.
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50. Barbara is the best tennis-player in the club.
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51. I haven't seen that man here before.
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52. The furniture was so expensive that I didn't buy it.
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53. The robbers made the bank manager hand over on the money.
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54. Tom learned to drive when he was nineteen.
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55. She had never been so unhappy before.
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56. It was so late that nothing could be done.
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57. He left school and then joined the army.
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58. The leak was repaired by the plumber this morning.
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59.This flower is very beautiful!
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60. Somebody stole his watch yesterday.
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61. The last time she had a swim was five years ago.
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62. I asked the hotel porter to wake me at 8 o'clock the following morning.
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63. They'll have to change the date of the meeting again.
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64. The garage is going to repair the car for us next week.
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IV. LINKING : NỐI ÂM

( phần này giữa kì không có đâu, nhưng cuối kì có thể ra, tao cho vô tại vì nó còn giấy)
1. Khi có /ə/, /ɑ:/, /ɔ/ ở cuối => Thêm /r/ sau /ə/, /ɑ:/, /ɔ/
2. Khi có /i:/, /ai/, /ei/, /ɔi/ => Thêm /j/ sau /i:/, /ai/, /ei/, /ɔi/
3. Khi có /u:/, /au/, /əu/ => Thêm /w/ sau /u:/, /au/, /əu/
Viết phiên âm và sử dụng nối âm (nếu có).
65. The bus take s longer than the train.
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66. John has not had his hair cut for over six months.
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67. Maria says she'd like to have been put in a higher class.
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68. Would you like me to finish the work tonight?
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69. You may get hungry on the train, so take some sandwiches.
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70. My husband didn't leave the car keys, so I couldn't pick him up at the station.
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71. "I don't think John will come", said Bill
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72. The postman was bitten by our dog.
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73. We couldn't drive because of the fog.
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75. The cake was so hard so I couldn't cat it.
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76. We didn't go because it rained.
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77. I can't cook as well as my mother does.
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78. I don't suppose you have change for a pound, do you?
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79. He failed to win the race.
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80. Mary rang hours and hour ago.
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81. I'm sorry that I didn't finish my homework last night.
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82. She asked Michael how she liked her new dress.
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83. A train leaves at 8 o'clock every morning.
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84. Nobody can deny that she has a beautiful voice.
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85. I would like you t help me to put the chairs away.
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86. I love you la la la la la and I wanna to kiss you.
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