171079-RPT-I-BRD-001-00 Design Report of Bridge 1

JOB NO DOC. NO. REV.
171079 171079-RPT-I-BRD-001 0
DESIGN OF BRIDGE 1
DESIGN REPORT
DESIGN OF BRIDGE 1
DESIGN REPORT
Doc.No. Consultant
171079-RPTI-BRD-001-00
Doc.No. Client
-
Proj. ID
171079
Proj. Title
Develop and Deliver Detail Engineering Design for the Approach Road and Bridge
Contract No.
IKK/ATRYA/C/001/III/2018
Client
PT. Indah Kiat Pulp and Paper TBK
Proj. Location
Karawang
West Java Province
Indonesia
2018
0 10.05.2018 ALL Issued for Review

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This Report prepared by:
PT. ATRYA SWASCIPTA REKAYASA

Engineering Consultant
Address : Jln. Pahlawan No.95

Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
Postal Code : 40123
Phone : +62 - 22 - 2514730,31

Fax : +62 - 22 - 2517432
Email: global@atrya.co.id
Website : www.atrya.co.id
Copyright © by PT. ATRYA SWASCIPTA REKAYASA 2018
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TABLE OF CONTENT
TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................................................... I
LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... III
LIST OF TABLE .......................................................................................................................... IV
1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 General ................................................................................................................................... 5

1.2 Scope of Work ......................................................................................................................... 6
1.3 Language ................................................................................................................................ 6
1.4 Units ....................................................................................................................................... 6
2. DESIGN CRITERIA .................................................................................................................. 7
2.1 Codes and Standards ............................................................................................................... 7

2.2 Materials.................................................................................................................................. 7
2.2.1 Reinforced Concrete .................................................................................................... 7
2.2.2 Prestressed Concrete for Main Beam (I Girder) .............................................................. 7
2.2.3 Prestressed Concrete for Pile ....................................................................................... 8
2.2.4 Steel Reinforcement .................................................................................................... 8
2.3 Design Loads ........................................................................................................................... 8
2.3.1 Dead Loads (MS) ........................................................................................................ 8
2.3.2 Superimposed Dead Load (MA) .................................................................................... 9
2.3.3 Traffic Loads ............................................................................................................... 9
2.3.4 SPMT Load ............................................................................................................... 13
2.3.5 Dynamic Magnification Factor (FBD) ........................................................................... 13
2.3.6 Breaking Force (TB)................................................................................................... 14
2.3.7 Earthquakes Load (EQ) .............................................................................................. 14
2.4 Load Combination .................................................................................................................. 16
3. BRIDGE DESIGN ................................................................................................................... 18
3.1 General ................................................................................................................................. 18

3.2 Design of Prestressed I-Girder ................................................................................................. 19
3.2.1 Prestressed I Girder Properties ................................................................................... 20
3.2.2 Stress Condition after Jacking Force Applied................................................................ 32
3.2.3 Stress Condition on Section Due to Design Load .......................................................... 34
3.2.4 Stress Condition on Section Due to Combination of Load .............................................. 36
3.3 Design of Bridge Abutment ...................................................................................................... 37
3.3.1 Load Calculation ........................................................................................................ 37
3.3.2 Structural Analysis Result ........................................................................................... 38
3.3.3 Breast Wall Reinforcement Design .............................................................................. 39
3.3.4 Footing Wall Reinforcement Design ............................................................................. 40
3.4 Geotechnical Design ............................................................................................................... 41
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3.4.1 General 41
3.4.2 Boring Log 42
3.4.3 Analysis of Deep Foundation Based On SPT Correlations ............................................. 45
3.4.4 Global Stability Analysis of Bridge Abutment ......................................................... 57
II
171079-RPT-I-BRD-001-00
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1-1 Location of Bridge 1 at Cigembol Rivers............................................................................5

Figure 1-2 River Cross Section at Bridge 1........................................................................................5
Figure 1-3 Site Situation at Cigembol River .......................................................................................6
Figure 2-1 Lane Load “D”: BTR ..................................................................................................... 10
Figure 2-2 Lane Load Arrangement. .............................................................................................. 11
Figure 2-3 Truck Load “T” (500 kN) ............................................................................................... 12
Figure 2-4 Wheel Configurations of SPMT ..................................................................................... 13
Figure 2-5 Dynamic Load Factor for BGT ....................................................................................... 14
Figure 2-6 Seismic Map 7% on 75 yrs (PGA) ................................................................................. 15
Figure 2-7 Seismic Map 7% on 75 yrs (SS) ..................................................................................... 15
Figure 2-8 Seismic Map 7% on 75 yrs (S1) ..................................................................................... 15
Figure 3-1 Long Section of Bridge 1 .............................................................................................. 18
Figure 3-2 Cross Section of Bridge 1 ............................................................................................. 19
Figure 3-3 Front Section of Bridge Abutment .................................................................................. 37
Figure 3-4 Soil Investigation for Bridge I ........................................................................................ 41
Figure 3-5 Soil Investigation for Bridge II........................................................................................ 41
Figure 3-6 SPT Value and Soil Type Based on BH-01 ..................................................................... 42
Figure 3-10 Adhesion Factors vs Undrained Shearing Resistance for Driven Piles............................. 46
Figure 3-11 Berezantsev’s Bearing Capacity Factor, Nq .................................................................. 48
Figure 3-12 Adhesion Factors vs. Undrained Shearing Resistance for Driven Piles ............................ 49
Figure 3-13 Foundation Design of Bridge I Abutment ...................................................................... 51
Figure 3-14 Bridge Foundation Modeling I...................................................................................... 51
Figure 3-15 Output from the axial pressure value on the foundation of Bridge I.................................. 52
Figure 3-16 Output from the axial pressure value on the foundation of Bridge I .................................. 54
Figure 3-17 Output from the deflection value on the foundation of Bridge I ........................................ 55
Figure 3-18 Output from the axial pressure value on the foundation of Bridge I .................................. 56
Figure 3-19 Output from the displacement value on the foundation of Bridge I ................................... 56
Figure 3-20 Slope Stability Analysis Model for Bridge I .................................................................... 57
Figure 3-21 Result Slope Stability Analysis Model for Bridge I .......................................................... 57
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LIST OF TABLES
Tabel 2.1 Material Density for Calculating Dead Load [kg/m³] .............................................................9
Table 2.2 Load Distribution Factor for Truk “T” ............................................................................... 12
Table 2.3 Load Combinations ....................................................................................................... 16
Tablel 2.4 Load Factor for Dead Load............................................................................................ 17
Tabel 2.5 Load Factor for Superimposed Dead Load ...................................................................... 17
Table 3.1 Bending Moment on the Girder ....................................................................................... 19
Table 3.2 Loading Design on Bridge Abutment ............................................................................... 37
Table 3.3 Force on Breast Wall ..................................................................................................... 38
Table 3.4 Force on Footing Wall Abutment .................................................................................... 38
Table 3.5 Value of the Friction Angle for Certain Soil....................................................................... 46
Table 3.6 Value of Capacity for Certain Soil ................................................................................... 47
Table 3.7 Joint Reaction of Bridge I ............................................................................................... 50
IV
171079-RPT-I-BRD-001-00
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
This document presents the design calculation of detail design of Bridge 1 in Pindo Deli Land
Area in Karawang – West Java Province.
The purpose of this project is to build bridge structure through crossing the river. The location is
at Cigembol River. This river location is within Citarum main River area.
The location of the bridge project can be seen in the following figures.
Figure 1-1 Location of Bridge 1 at Cigembol Rivers
Figure 1-2 River Cross Section at Bridge 1
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Figure 1-3 Site Situation at Cigembol River
1.2 Scope of Work

The scope of works in this project is detail engineering design of bridge structure. The bridge will
be built to crossing Cigembol River. The list of work items may be detailed as follows:
• Design the system structure of the bridge which is possible to build
• Geotechnical analysis for bridge foundation design and abutment design
• Cost estimates (Engineering Estimates) of the bridge design
• Interpreting the detail design calculation into the design drawings and technical
specification report
1.3 Language
This document will be in English.
1.4 Units
All units are in SI (system International) unit unless noted otherwise.
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2. DESIGN CRITERIA
2.1 Codes and Standards

• SNI 1725:2016 Pembebanan untuk Jembatan
• SNI 2833-2016 Perencanaan Jembatan terhadap Beban Gempa
• SNI T-12-2004 Perencanaan Struktur Beton untuk Jembatan
• Perencanaan Pembebanan Struktur Atas Jembatan mengikuti Bridge Manual System
(BMS) yang diterbitkan oleh Direktorat Jalan Raya, Departemen Pekerjaan Umum,
Republik Indonesia, Desember 1992 (BMS)
• AAHTO LRFD 2013 SI
• Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Structures, ACI 343r_95
• Connection of Simple-Span Precast Concrete Girders for Continuity, nchrp-rpt 519
• Bridge Engineering Handbook, FHWA
And other eqivalent codes and standards.
2.2 Materials
2.2.1 Reinforced Concrete

The reinforced concrete shall have minimum compression strength of 30 MPa (cylinder) at 28
days.
• Slab : f‘c = 30 MPa
• Pier & Pier Head : f‘c = 30 MPa
• Pile Cap : f‘c = 30 MPa
• Bore Pile : f‘c = 30 MPa
• Abutment : f‘c = 30 Mpa
2.2.2 Prestressed Concrete for Main Beam (I Girder)

The prestressed concrete shall have minimum compression strength of K-500 (cube) at 28
days.
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2.2.3 Prestressed Concrete for Pile

The prestressed concrete shall have minimum compression strength of K-600 (cube) or f’c 52
MPa (cylinder) at 28 days.
The specifications of concrete spun pile are shown below:
• CSP with 600 m of diameter
- Outside diameter = 600 mm
- Wall thickness = 100 mm
- Bending moment – Crack = 29 ton.m
- Bending moment – Break = 58 ton.m
- Allowable compression = 229.50 ton
• CSP with 800 m of diameter
- Outside diameter = 800 mm
- Wall thickness = 120 mm
- Bending moment – Crack = 65 ton.m
- Bending moment – Break = 130 ton.m
- Allowable compression = 368.17 ton
2.2.4 Steel Reinforcement

Steel reinforcement shall have minimum specification as follows: :
• Diameter < 13 mm fy = 240 MPa
• Diameter ≥ 13 mm fy = 400 MPa
• Young’s Modulus Es = 200,000 MPa
2.3 Design Loads

2.3.1 Dead Loads (MS)
Dead loads include the weight of the entire structure and any permanent attachment either
structural or non-structural component such as bridge parapet, wearing surface, railing,
diaphragm, girder, and so forth.
Weight of dead load is depend on material density per unit volume. The following are list of
material density for several material constructions.
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Tabel 2.1 Material Density for Calculating Dead Load [kg/m³]
2.3.2 Superimposed Dead Load (MA)

Superimposed dead load are any permanent or temporary attachment which categhorized as
non-structural element and that load value might be change while structural design life.
The bridge must be designed to carrying out superimposed dead load such wearing surface
with 50 mm thickness for overlaying in the future. This layer must be adding to the original layer
that present in the design drawing.
Other bridge utilities such as pipeline for draine system, light pole, railing and, so forth, must be
considered to derived critical condition in the design.
2.3.3 Traffic Loads
The traffic loads will be considered in the bridge design, which refer to recent design standard
load for Highway Bridge.
The traffic loads to be considered in the design are lane load “D” and Truck load “T”.
Lane load “D” act on whole lane width of the lane vehicle that generated as equivalent with
series of real vehicle.
In general, lane load “D” more critical for bridge with middle to long span, in other hand, load “T”
is usually considered for bridge with short span and as critical load for design bridge slab.
Lane Load (D)

Lane Load "D" involve uniform distributed load (BTR) which combined with knife or line load
(BGT) as depicted in the following figure.
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Figure 2-1 Lane Load “D”: BTR
The intensity of BTR is q kPa, where this value q depend on clear span of the Bridge as follows:
Where:
q : Intensity of BTR (kPa)
L : Length of bridge span (m)
The BTR intensity for Bridge 1 that having span length less than 30 m (24.6 m), the intensity of
BTR is 9.0 kN/m2.
Once BGT load with intensity p kN/m must apply perpendicular againt traffic flow in the bridge.
The intensity of p is 49.0 kN/m.
To derive maximum moment at support (-) and span (+) in continuous bridge system, the
identical BGT must be put in as described in the figure below.
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Figure 2-2 Lane Load Arrangement.
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Vehicle Load (T)

Truck load T50 is a vehicle semi-trailer that has characterictic as shown in the Figure 2-3. The
weight of each axle has distributed to wheel which contact direct with bridge floor. The distance
between last two axles is variable from 4.0 m to 9.0 m to derived critical condition for design of
bridge structures.
Figure 2-3 Truck Load “T” (500 kN)

The distribution of live load factor in cross direction can be applied as an alternative to derive
bending moment and shear force in longitudinal direction of bridge girder.
This factor can be derived from the following table below.
Table 2.2 Load Distribution Factor for Truk “T”
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2.3.4 SPMT Load

Figure 2-4 shows the configuration of SPMT vehicle. This heavy vehicle shall be considered in
the design, with the following loads:
- Loading capacity per axle line = 28 ton
- Deadweight per axle line = 3.4 ton
Figure 2-4 Wheel Configurations of SPMT

2.3.5 Dynamic Magnification Factor (FBD)
Dynamic magnification factor (FBD) is a parameter to consider bridge-vehicle interaction which
is moving in the bridge.
For Lane Load "D"

Dynamic magnification factor is parameter taking as a function of ekuivalen clear span. For
single span can be taken the same with real span. In other hand, for continuous span can be
taken as following equation.
LE = Lav Lmax
Where:
Lav = means of length in the continuous system
Lmax = maximum length in the continuous system
For Wheel Load Truck 50 "T":

Dynamic magnification factor (FBD) can be taken 30%, only for building laying on the ground. In
addition, for structure buried in within the ground FBD must be taken as linier implection in
surface of ground until 2 m depth.
For burried structure such as box culvert, the value of FBD should not be taken less than 40%
for zero depth and not less than 10% for 2 m depth.
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Figure 2-5 Dynamic Load Factor for BGT

2.3.6 Breaking Force (TB)
Breaking force shall be taken as follows:
• 25% from axle weight of truck design
• 5% from total load of truck design plus lane load BTR
Breaking load shall be applied at all traffic lane. This load shall be assumed to act horizontally
at 1.80 m above road surface in each of the longitudinal directions of the bridge.
2.3.7 Earthquakes Load (EQ)
Seismic design condition is that the structure will have minor damage after earthquake taken
place. The seismic design for bridge structure will be based on Indonesia Seismic Code SNI
2833:2016 and Indonesia Seismic Map 2017. Dynamic response spectrum analysis shall be
used in the seismic design, with the following parameters:
• PGA = 0.30g
• SS = 0.70g
• S1 = 0.30g
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Figure 2-6 Seismic Map 7% on 75 yrs (PGA)
Figure 2-7 Seismic Map 7% on 75 yrs (SS)
Figure 2-8 Seismic Map 7% on 75 yrs (S1)
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2.4 Load Combination

Analysis of structure is conducted to derive response of the structure through applied load.
Where, response of a structure to the load be able to shows as internal forces on the member in
form bending moment, shear force, torsion and axial force.
The load cases that consider in the design must be combined to define the critical condition.
Table 2.3 Load Combinations
➢ Permanent Load
o MS = Dead load of structural and non-structural component
o MA = Wearing surface and Utilities
o TA = Lateral load due to earth pressure
o PL = Force that generated by construction activity
o PR = Force due to prestressing
➢ Transient Load
o SH = Shrinkage and Creep
o TB = Breaking Force
o TR = Centrifugal Loadl
o TC = Vehicles Collision
o TV = Ship Collision
o EQ = Earthquakes Load
o BF = Friction Load
o TD = Distributed Lane Load “D”
o TT = Truck Vehicle
o TP = Pedestrian Load
o SE = Load generate by settlement
o ET = Load due to temperature gradient
o EF = Bouyanci force
o EWs = Wind load on structure
o EWL = Wind load on vehicle
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Load factor for dead load and superimposed dead load can be taken as state in the following
table below.
Tablel 2.4 Load Factor for Dead Load
Tabel 2.5 Load Factor for Superimposed Dead Load
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3. BRIDGE DESIGN
3.1 General
System structure of Bridge 1 is I-Girder Bridge with the clear span of bridge is around 25 m. The
width of bridge is 14 m. This wide of lane can accommodate three to four of traffic lanes.
The main beam of bridge is prestressed I-girder with post-tensioned method. The post-
tensioned method is selected to cope limitation of mobilized of the girder to location. Thus, the
girder will be mobilized in peaces of segment and assemble on site.
The design parameters are described as follows:
o PC-I Girder Dimension : PC H-1600
o Girder spacing : 2 each
o Slab Thickness : 350 mm
o Diameter of strand : 12.7 mm (7 wire strand)
o Prestressing system : Post Tension
The long and cross section of the bridge is depicted on the following figure.
Figure 3-1 Long Section of Bridge 1
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Figure 3-2 Cross Section of Bridge 1
3.2 Design of Prestressed I-Girder

Structural analysis will be conducted using aid of structural analysis software especially for
running influence lines due to of moving vehicle such as Truck and self propeller modular
transport (SPMT).
The structural analysis result will be presence in the tabelaris form that involve each cases of
loading such as dead load, super dead load, lane load (UDL & KEL), Wheel Truck 50 ton
capacity and SPMT as shown below.
Table 3.1 Bending Moment on the Girder

BRIDGE 1 --> 24.6 m Load Shear Moment
Load Shear Moment Combination Ton Ton.m
Cases kN kN.m Ser 1 -68.57 0.00
-138.36 0.00 68.57 418.49
DEAD
138.36 850.89 Ser 2 -50.99 0.00
-300.62 0.00 50.99 341.10
SDL
300.62 1817.25 Ser 3 -119.71 0.00
-221.40 0.00 119.71 695.71
BTR (UDL)
221.40 1361.61 Ser 4 -101.41 0.00
-49.00 0.00 101.41 602.63
BGT (KEL)
49.00 602.70
-722.89 0.00
TRUCK 50 (TT)
722.89 4080.27
-543.46 0.00
SPMT
543.46 3167.41
The resume of maximum internal forces on the girder at each condition are:
- Bending Moment (SLS with impact factor) = 695.71 Ton.m
- Shear Force (SLS with impact factor) = 119.71 Ton.m
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3.2.1 Prestressed I Girder Properties

Before calculating number of require steel wire, the cross section characteristic should be
determine first. The design parameter are shown in the following below.
1. General Data
Bridge Data Spesifik Gravity
Dim Dim
Uraian Notation Material Type Notation 3
(m) (kN/m )
Girder Length L 24.6 Beton prategang wc 25.50
Spacing of Girder s 2.00 Beton bertulan wc' 25.00
Deck Slab Thickness ho 0.35 Beton wc'' 24.00
Wearing Surface + Overlay ha 0.10 Aspal waspal 22.00
Rain Water Depth th 0.05 Air hujan wair 9.80
Prestressed Girder Dimension

Width Thick
Notation Notation
(m) (m)
b1 0.55 h1 0.00
b2 0.55 h2 0.125
b3 0.19 h3 0.075
b4 0.18 h4 1.25
b5 0.24 h5 0.1
b6 0.65 h6 0.225
htotal 1.6
2. Material Data
Concrete Strength K- 500 kg/cm2

Compression strength fc' = 0.83 * K *9.81/100 = 40.712 MPa
Elastic modulus of concrete Ec = 4700 * Sqrt ( fc') = 29989 MPa
Poisson ratio ʋ= 0.2
Shear Modulus G = Ec / [2*(1 + ʋ )] = 12495 MPa
Thermal Coeff α= 1E-05 /'C
Compression strength (at transfer) fci' = 0.80 * fc' = 32.569 MPa
Allowable comp. stress 0.60 * fci' = 19.542 MPa
While stressing
Allowable tension. stress 0.50 * Sqrt (fci') = 2.8535 MPa
Allowable comp. stress 0.60 * fc' = 24.427 MPa
Final stage
Allowable tension. stress 0.50 * Sqrt (fc') = 3.1903 MPa
2
Deck Slab Concrete Strength K- 350 kg/cm
Compression strength fc' = 0.83 * K *9.81/100 = 28.498 MPa
Elastic modulus of concrete Ec = 4700 * Sqrt ( fc') = 25090 MPa
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3. Steel Bars
D > 12 mm U 32 yield strength, fy =U*10 = 320 MPa
Ø ≤ 12 mm U 24 yield strength, fy =U*10 = 240 MPa
4. Prestressing Steel
Strands Cable Data - VSL Standard
Strand type Uncoated 7 wire super strands AST M A-416 grade 270
Yield stress strand (fpy) 1580 MPa
Strand tension strength (fpu) 1860 MPa
Nominal diameter strands 12.7 mm
Nominal area each strands (Ast) 98.7 mm2
Pull load minimum each strands (Pbs) 187.32 kN
Number of wire (strands cable) 7 Wire/tendon
Ideal dutc diameter 84 mm
Area of strands 1875.3 mm2
Fracture strength each strand (Pb1) 3559.1 kN
Modulus elasticity strands (Es) 193000 MPa
Jacking type VSL 19
Effective Deck Width Calculation
Plate effective width (Be) take:
L/4 = 6.15 m
s= 2.00 m
12ho = 4.2 m
Take effective plat width Be = 2 m
Compression strength of conc. (plat) fc'(plat) = 28.4981 MPa
Compression strength of conc. (beam) fc'(beam) = 40.7115 MPa
Modulus elasticity of concrete plat, Eplat = 25090.3 MPa
Modulus elasticity of concrete beam, Ebeam = 35329.5 MPa
Modular ratio n= 0.71018 -
Width effective Beff = 1.42036 m
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Section Properties of Prestressed Girder
Dimension Dist to
Area Static Inertial Inertial
Width Height Based
No. Momen Moment Moment
(b) (h) (A) (y)
m m m2 m m3 m4 m4
1 0.55 0 0.000 1.600 0.000 0.000 0.00000
2 0.55 0.125 0.069 1.538 0.106 0.163 0.00009
3 0.19 0.075 0.014 1.450 0.021 0.030 0.00000
4 0.18 1.25 0.225 0.850 0.191 0.163 0.02930
5 0.24 0.1 0.024 0.258 0.006 0.002 0.00001
6 0.65 0.225 0.146 0.113 0.016 0.002 0.00062
Total 0.478 0.340 0.358 0.03002
Total Depth Beam Girder h= 1.6 m

2
Sectional Area of Beam A = 0.47775 m
C.g.c yb = SA*y /SA = 0.712 m
Plat Thickness h0 = 0.35 m
Effective Width beff = 1.42 m
Center of Gravity ya = h - yb = 0.888 m
Inertial Moment to Based Ib = SA*y + SIo = 0.38848 m4
2 4
Inertial Moment to C.g.c Beam Girder Ix = Ib - A*yb = 0.14632 m
3
Modulus section top fiber Wa = Ix / ya = 0.16476 m
3
Modulus section top fiber Wb = Ix / yb = 0.20551 m
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Section Properties Beam composit (Girder + plat)
Section Properties Balok Prategang

Dimensi Jar. Thdp
Luas Statis Inersia Inersia
Lebar (b) Tinggi (h) Alas
No. Momen Momen Momen
(b) (h) (A) (y)
2 3 4 4
m m m m m m m
0 1.42 0.35 0.497 1.775 0.882 1.566 0.00507
1 0.55 0 0.000 1.600 0.000 0.000 0.00000
2 0.55 0.125 0.069 1.538 0.106 0.163 0.00009
3 0.19 0.075 0.014 1.450 0.021 0.030 0.00001
4 0.18 1.25 0.225 0.850 0.191 0.163 0.02930
5 0.24 0.1 0.024 0.258 0.006 0.002 0.00002
6 0.65 0.225 0.146 0.113 0.016 0.002 0.00062
Total 0.975 1.223 1.925 0.03510
Total Depth Beam Girder hc = 1.95 m

2
Sectional Area of Composite Beam Ac = 0.97488 m
C.g.c ybc = 1.25404 m
yac = 0.696 m
Inertial Moment to Based Ibc = SAc*y + SIco = 1.95982 m4
Inertial Moment to C.g.c Beam Girder Ixc = Ibc - Ac*ybc2 = 0.42671 m4
3
Modulus section of plat Wac = Ixc / yac = 0.61312 m
3
Modulus section top fiber W'ac = Ixc / (yac - ho) = 1.23341 m
3
Modulus sectionbottom fiber Wbc = Ixc / ybc = 0.34026 m
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Initial Conditions (At Transfer)
2
Concrete Grade K - 500 kg/cm
Compression Strength fc' = 40712 kPa
Concrete compression strength at initial condition (at transfer) fci' = 32569 kPa
3
Section properties Wa = 0.1648 m
3
Wb = 0.2055 m
A= 0.4778 m2
Define distance of C.g.c Tendon through based z0 = 0.25 m
Tendon eccentricity es = 0.462 m
Bending due to Beam self weight Mb = 921.55 kNm
Stress at Top fiber Pta = Mb / ( es - Wa / A ) = 7870.5 kN
Stress at Bottom fiber Ptb = [ 0.60 * fci' * Wb + Mb ] / (Wb / A + es) = 5534.6 kN
Stress used Pt = 5534.6 kN
Final Conditions (at Service)
Initial Jacking Force Pt = 5534.6 kN

Fracture Load each Tendon Pb1 = 3559.1 kN
Minimum fracture load each strand Pbs = 187.32 kN
Required Tendon Number nt = Pt / (0.85*0.80*Pb1) = 3 tendon
Required Strand Number ns = Pt / (0.85*0.80*Pbs) = 43.45 strands
Strand Number to be Used ns = 44 strands
Tendon Arrangement:
ns1 3 Tendon 12 strands/tendon 36 strands Duct Diameter 76 mm

ns2 1 Tendon 8 strands/tendon 8 strands Duct Diameter 84 mm
nt = 4 Tendon ns = 44 strands
Yield stress percentages on steel, P0 = Pt / ( 0.85 * ns * Pbs ) = 79 < 80% OK

Prestressing force due to jacking, Pȷ = Pt1 / 0.85 = 6511.3 kN
Expected loss of prestress, 20%
Effective Prestress after 30% losses, Peff = 70% * Pj = 4557.9 kN
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Beam Girder Reinforcement
As1 A As n
D Steel Bars ket
m2 m2 m2 bh
0.1878 0.0009 7.0725 9 D 13 Bottom
13 0.0001 0.0965 0.0005 3.6351 5 D 13 Top
0.1935 0.001 7.2891 9 D 13 Skin
TENDON POSITION
1. Tendon Position At Span

Distance from based to center of tendon 2 a= 0.10 m
Number of Tendon at Line-1 nt1 = 3 tend 12 str/tendon 36 str
Number of Tendon at Line-2 nt2 = 1 tend 8 str/tendon 8 str
nt = 4 tend ns = 44 str
Eccentricity es = 0.462 m
z0 = yb - es = 0.250 m
Vertical distance between C.g.c Tendon yd = 0.183 m Diambil yd = 0.2 m
2
Tendon Duct Diameter dt = ns * (zo - a) / n = 0.076 m
Clear vertical distance between Ducting yd - dt = 0.124 m > 25 mm
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2. Tendon Position At Support
Distance from girder based to center of tendon line-4 a' 0.25 m

Number of Tendon at Line-1 n1 1 tendon 8 strands 8 strands
Total Strand Numbers ns = 44 strands
Distance Beam center of gravity to based yb = 0.712 m
Static moment through down level of Tendon
Σ Ni*yd' = ns*ye
ni yd' ni*yd' ye / yd' = [ Σ Ni*yd'' / yd' ] / ns = 1.3636
8 3 24 ye = yb - a' = 0.462 m
12 2 24 yd' = ye / [ ye / yd' ] = 0.3388 m
12 1 12 z0 = a' + ye = yb = 0.712 m
12 0 0
Total 60
Eccentricity Each Tendon
Tendon Position at
No Zi' (m)
Support x=0.00 m
1 z1' 1.266
2 z2' 0.928
3 z3' 0.589
4 z4' 0.250
Tendon Position at Span

No zi fi
x=12.3 m
1 z1 0.30 0.9663
2 z2 0.10 0.8275
3 z3 0.10 0.4888
4 z4 0.10 0.15 Support Span
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Cable Layout
Girder Length L = 24.60 m

Eccentricity f = es = 0.462 m
2
Cable layout equation Y = 4 * f * X / (L ) * (L-X)
Tabel of Tendon Layout

X Y X Y X Y X Y X Y
(m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)
-0.25 -0.019 8 0.4055 17 0.3945 26 -0.111 35 -1.111
0 0 9 0.4287 18 0.3628 27 -0.198 36 -1.253
1 0.0721 10 0.4458 19 0.3249 28 -0.291 37 -1.401
2 0.138 11 0.4568 20 0.2809 29 -0.39 38 -1.555
3 0.1979 12 0.4617 21 0.2308 30 -0.495 39 -1.715
4 0.2516 13 0.4605 22 0.1747 31 -0.606 40 -1.881
5 0.2992 14 0.4531 23 0.1124 32 -0.723 0.25 0.0186
6 0.3408 15 0.4397 24 0.044 33 -0.846
7 0.3762 16 0.4202 25 -0.031 34 -0.976
x0 = 0.25 m
e0 = 0.019 m
L/2 + x0 = 12.55 m
es + e0 = 0.4805 m
αAB = 2*(es + eo)/(L/2 + xo) = 0.0766
αBC = 2*(es + eo)/(L/2 + xo) = 0.0766
Angle of Anchoragement
2
Cable layout equation Y = 4 * f * X / (L ) * (L-X)
2
dY/dX = 4 * f * (L - 2 * X) / L
For X=0 (Anchore at Support) dY/dX = 4 * f / L
Equation of Anchorage angle α = ATAN ( dY / dX)
No fi Angle
strand D dY/dX
Tendon (m) radian Deg
1 8 76 f1 0.9663 0.0966 0.0963 rad 5.5194 deg
2 12 84 f2 0.8275 0.0828 0.0826 rad 4.7307 deg
3 12 84 f3 0.4888 0.0489 0.0488 rad 2.7982 deg
4 12 84 f4 0.15 0.015 0.015 rad 0.8594 deg
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Cable Trace
L = 24.6 m f1 = 0.9663 m
fo = es = 0.462 m f2 = 0.8275 m
yb = 0.712 m f3 = 0.4888 m
f4 = 0.15 m
Position each cable (zi) zi = zi' - 4 * fi * X / L^2 * (L-X)
Jarak Trace Posisi masing-masing cable

X z0 z1 z2 z3 z4
(m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)
0 0.712 1.2663 0.9275 0.5888 0.25
1 0.6399 1.1156 0.7985 0.5125 0.2266
2 0.5739 0.9776 0.6803 0.4427 0.2052
3 0.5141 0.8524 0.5731 0.3794 0.1858
4 0.4604 0.74 0.4768 0.3226 0.1683
5 0.4127 0.6404 0.3915 0.2722 0.1528
6 0.3712 0.5535 0.3171 0.2282 0.1394
7 0.3358 0.4794 0.2536 0.1908 0.1279
8 0.3065 0.4181 0.2011 0.1597 0.1183
9 0.2833 0.3696 0.1596 0.1352 0.1108
10 0.2662 0.3338 0.1289 0.1171 0.1052
11 0.2552 0.3108 0.1092 0.1055 0.1017
12 0.2503 0.3006 0.1005 0.1003 0.1001
13 0.2515 0.3031 0.1027 0.1016 0.1005
14 0.2588 0.3185 0.1158 0.1093 0.1029
15 0.2723 0.3466 0.1399 0.1236 0.1072
16 0.2918 0.3874 0.1749 0.1442 0.1136
17 0.3175 0.4411 0.2208 0.1714 0.1219
18 0.3492 0.5075 0.2777 0.205 0.1322
19 0.3871 0.5867 0.3455 0.245 0.1445
20 0.431 0.6787 0.4243 0.2915 0.1588
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Trace Eeach Cable

1.4
1.2
1
Z (m) 0.8 Tendon 1
0.6 Tendon 2
0.4
Tendon 3
0.2
0 Tendon 4
-0.4 4.6 9.6 14.6 19.6 24.6
X (m)
Loss of Prestressed
1. Loss Prestressed Due To Friction
Prestressed force at jacking Pȷ = 6511 kN
Expected loss 3 % P0 = 97% * Pj = 6316 kN
2. Prestressed Loss Due To Wobble Action

Tendon trace angle from edge to span αAB = 0.077 rad
αBC = 0.077 rad
Total deviation of tendon trace angle α = α AB + α BC = 0.153 rad
Shear Coeff. µ= 0.200
Wobble Coeff β= 0.012
Prestressed force due to jacking after anchore losses
P0 = 6315.9 kN
Loss of prestress due to wobble action
For (edge to beam girder span) Lx = 12.300 m
Px = 5947 kN
For (edge to edge) Lx = 24.600 m
Px = 5774 kN
3. Loss of Prestressed Due to Elastic Shortening
C.g.c Girder to center of tendon es = 0.462 m

4
Inertial Moment of Beam Ix = 0.146 m
Sectional Area of Beam A = 0.478 m2
Concrete Elastic Modulus Eb = 35329483 kPa
Elastic modulus of Steel Wire/ Strand Es = 193000000 kPa
Total strand numbers ns = 44
2
Nominal sectional area each strand Ast = 0.0001 m
Fracture load each strand Pbs = 187.32 kN
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Bending Moment Due To Beam Self Weight Mb = 921.6 kNm

2
Sectional Area of Tendon At = ns * Ast = 0.004 m
Modular Ratio n = Es / Ebalok = 5.463
Radius gyration I = ( Ix / A )0.5 = 0.553 m
Ke = At / A *( 1 + es 2 / i2 ) = 0.015
Steel stresses before loss of prestressed (at span) σpl = ns * Pbs / At = 1897872.340 kPa
Loss of prestressed due to strain elastic with regarded of beam self weight
Δσpe' = σpi * n * Ke / (1 + n * Ke) = 147488.652 kPa
Concrete stress at steel level caused by prestressed force Pt
σbt = σpe' / n - M balok *es / Ix = 24089 kPa
Loss of prestressed due to strain elastic without influence of beam self weight
Δσpe = 1/2 * n * σbt = 65797 kPa
Loss of prestress due to elastic shorthening Δpe = Δσpe * At = 286 kN
4. Loss of prestressed Caused by Anchoring
Distance of tension (take 2 mm) ΔL = 0.002 m

Elastic modulus of Steel Wire/ Strand Es = 2E+08 kPa
Tendon Area At = 0.004 m2
Loss of prestress due to anchore friction P0 = 6315.9 kN
Loss of prestress due to wobble action Px = 5947.2 kN
Half span of girder Lx = 12.300 m
Force angle diagram m = tan w = ( Po - Px ) / Lx = 29.977 kN/m
0.5
Anchore critical slip distance from end Lmax = ( TL * Es * At / m ) = 7.478 m
Loss of stress due to anchoring ΔP = 2*Lmax* tan w = 448.34 kN
P'max = Po - ΔP / 2 = 6091.8 kN
Pmax = P'max - ΔPe = 5806.0 kN
Loss of Prestressed due to Tendon Relaxation

1. Effect of Shrinkage
regangan dasar susut εb = 0.001 Dari tabel 6.4 (NAA
For w/c ratio 0.4 kb = 0.905 Dari tabel 6.1 (NAA
cement content 4.5 kN/m3
2
Section Area of Beam A = 0.478 m
Section perimeter of girder expose to air K = 4.500 m
Theoritical Thickness em = 2 * A / K = 0.212 m

ke = 0.734 Dari tabel 6.2 (NAA
Procentase long steel area to girder area
p = 0.50%
kp = 100 / (100 + 20 * p) = 0.999
Δεsu = εb * kb * ke * kp = 0.0004
Modulus elastic of strand Es = 193000000 kPa
Shirnkage stress σsh = Δεsu * Es = 76846 kPa
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1. Effect of Creep)
P initial (transfer) at span Pi = Px - ΔPe = 5661 kN
Pi / (ns * Pbs) = 69% UTS
Mb = 921.6 kNm
3
Wa = 0.165 m
3
Wb = 0.206 m
Eb = 4E+07 kPa
es = 0.462 m
2
A = 0.478 m
Concrete stress at top fiber fa = - Pi / A + Pi * es / Wa - M b / Wa = -1.6E+03 kPa
Concrete stress at bottom fiber fb = - Pi / A - Pi * es / Wb + M b / Wb = -2.0E+04 kPa
kc = 3 Dari tabel 6.5 (NAASRA Bri
Time which hardening occure t = 28 hari
Mean of Temperatures T = 28.0 oC
Concrete hardening time while subjected to load t' = t * (T + 10) / 30 = 35 hari
kd = 0.938 Dari tabel 6.4 (NAASRA Bri
For Time hardening t = 28 day ktn = 0.2 Dari tabel 6.4 (NAASRA Bri
Theoritical Thick em = 0.2123 m
fc = fb = 20092 kPa
εcr = ( fc / Ebalok) * kb * kc * kd * ke * ktn = 0.0002
Stress due to creep σcr = cr * Es = 41035 kPa
Δσsc = σcr + σsh = 117880.2 kPa
σpl = Pi / At = 1303647.1 kPa
Stress amount againts UTS UTS = 69% UTS
X = 1.934
c = 2.5%
σr = X * c * ( σpi - Δσsc) = 57346.549 kPa
Long Term Loss of Prestress Δσsc + σr = 175226.716 kPa
ΔP = (Δσsc + σr) * At = 760.975 kN
P efektif at Middle span Peff = Pi - ΔP = 4900.504 kN
Total loss of prestressed ( 1 - Peff / Pj ) * 100% = 24.7%
almost close with 30%, that means
near early eatimated OK!
Stress control on the tendon post-tension after release prestressed forces

Allowable stress of Tendon Post-Tension 0.7*fpu = 1302000 kPa
Stress occure at Tendon Post-Tension fp = Peff / At = 1128420 kPa
Gaya (kN) Loss of prestress %UTS < 0.7*fpu OK
Pȷ 6511.3 Anchorage friction 79%
P0 6315.9 Jack friction 77%
Px 5947.2 Elastic shortening 72%
Pi 5661.5 Relaxation of tendon 69%
Peff 4900.5 59%
Loss of prestress = 25%
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3.2.2 Stress Condition after Jacking Force Applied

Based on bending moment has occure on the member, the stress condition on girder cross
section are presence in the following table below.
STRESS AT GIRDER CROSS SECTION

Initial Condition (At Transfer)
Concrete grade K- 500 kg/cm2

Conc. Compression Strength fc' = 40711.5 kPa
Concrete strength at transfer (jacking) fci' = 32569.2 kPa
Allowable concrete compression stress 0.6 * FCI' = -19541.5 kPa
3
Pt = 5534.6 kN Wb = 0.206 m
2
Mb = 921.55 kNm A = 0.478 m
3
Wa = 0.165 m es = 0.462 m
Stress at top fiber fca = - Pt / A + Pt * es / Wa - Mb / Wa = -1660.04 kPa OK
Stress at bottom fiber fcb = - Pt / A - Pt * es / Wb + Mb / Wb = -19541.5 kPa OK
State After Loss Of Prestress
Concrete grade K - 500 kg/cm2

Allowable concrete compression stress 0.45 * fc' = -18320.2 kPa
3
Peff = 4900.5 kN Wb = 0.206 m
2
Mb = 921.55 kNm A = 0.478 m
3
Wa = 0.165 m es = 0.462 m
Stress at top fiber fa = - Peff / A + Peff * es / Wa - M balok / Wa = -2110.66 kPa OK
Stress at bottom fiber fb = - Peff / A - Peff * es / Wb + M balok / Wb = -16789 kPa OK
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State That Concret Floor was In Situ (early age concrete)

Allowable concrete compression stress 0.45 * FC' = -18320.2 kPa
3
Peff = 4900.5 kN Wa = 0.165 m
3
Mb = 921.55 kNm Wb = 0.206 m
2
Mplat = 1323.8 kNm A = 0.478 m
Mb+plat = 2245.3 kNm es = 0.462 m
Stress at top fiber fa = -Peff/A+Peff *es/Wa-M b+plat/Wa = -10145.2 kPa OK
Stress at bottom fiber fb = -Peff /A-Peff *es/Wb+M b+plat/Wb = -10347.5 kPa OK
State Girder Composite

Allowable concrete compression stress 0.45 * fc' = -18320.2 kPa
2
Peff = 4900.5 kN Ac = 0.975 m
3
Mb = 921.55 kNm Wac = 0.613 m
3
Mplat = 1323.8 kNm W'ac = 1.233 m
3
Mb+plat = 2245.3 kNm Wbc = 0.340 m
Tendeon Eccentricity e's = 1.004 m
Stress at plat top fiber fac = Peff/Ac+Peff *e's/Wac-Mbalok+plat/Wac = -663.907 kPa OK
Stress at beam top fiber f'ac = -Peff/Ac+Peff *e's/W'ac-Mbalok+plat/W'ac = -2858.03 kPa OK
Stress at beam bottom fiber fbc = -Peff/Ac-Peff *e's/Wbc+Mbalok+plat/Wbc = -12888.3 kPa OK
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3.2.3 Stress Condition on Section Due to Design Load

Stress caused by Self Weight (MS)
Bending moment due to self weight Mms = 2542.22 kNm

2 3
Ac = 0.9749 m W'ac = 1.2334 m
3 3
Wac = 0.6131 m Wbc = 0.3403 m
Stress at plat top fiber fac = - MMS / Wac = -4146.35 kPa
Stress at beam top fiber f'ac = - MMS / W'ac = -2061.13 kPa
Stress at beam bottom fiber fbc = + MMS / Wbc = 7471.33 kPa
Stress Caused by Additional Dead Load (MA)
Bending moment due to SDL Mma = 406.97 kNm

2 3
Ac = 0.9749 m W'ac = 1.2334 m
3 3
Wac = 0.6131 m Wbc = 0.3403 m
Stress at plat top fiber fac = - MMS / Wac = -663.767 kPa
Stress at beam top fiber f'ac = - MMS / W'ac = -329.955 kPa
Stress at beam bottom fiber fbc = + MMS / Wbc = 1196.05 kPa
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Stress Due To Lane Load "D" (TD)
Bending moment caused by lane load "D"
Mtd = 2205.4 kNm

3
Wac = 0.6131 m
3
W'ac = 1.2334 m
3
Wbc = 0.3403 m
Stress at plat top fiber fac = - MTD / Wac = -3596.99 kPa

Stress at beam top fiber f'ac = - MTD / W'ac = -1788.04 kPa
Stress at beam bottom fiber fbc = MTD / Wbc = 6481.43 kPa
Stress Due To Wheel Load Truck 50 ton (TT)
Bending moment caused by Truck load
Mt50 = 4080.3 kNm

3
Wac = 0.6131 m
3
W'ac = 1.2334 m
3
Wbc = 0.3403 m
Stress at plat top fiber fac = - MTB / Wac = -6654.91 kPa

Stress at beam top fiber f'ac = - MTB / W'ac = -3308.12 kPa
Stress at beam bottom fiber fbc = MTB / Wbc = 11991.5 kPa
Tegangan Akibat Beban SPMT

Bending moment caused by SPMT
Ms = 3167.4 kNm
3
Wac = 0.6131 m
3
W'ac = 1.2334 m
3
Wbc = 0.3403 m
Stress at plat top fiber fac = - MEW / Wac = -5166.04 kPa

Stress at beam top fiber f'ac = - MEW / W'ac = -2568.01 kPa
Stress at beam bottom fiber fbc = MEW / Wbc = 9308.71 kPa
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3.2.4 Stress Condition on Section Due to Combination of Load

STRESS CONTROL THROUGH LOAD COMBINATION
2
Concrete grade k - 500 kg/cm
Concrete compression strength fc' = 40712 kPa
Allowable concrete compression stress 0.6*fc' = -24427 kPa
Allowable concrete tension stress0.5 * sqrt(fc') = 100.89 kPa
Load Combination for Allowable Stress

Load Combination
Load/Force Symbol
L1 L2 L3 L4 E1
A. Steady
Self Weight MS 1 1 1 1 1
SDL mA 1 1 1 1 1
Creep & Shrinkage SR 1 1 1 1 1
Prestressed PR 1 1 1 1 1
B. Transien
Lane Load "D" TD 1 1.3 0.8 0.3
Wheel Load "T"/ SPMT TB 1 1.3 0.8 0.3
C. Environment
Thermal ET 1 1 1 1
Wind Load EW 1
Seismic Load EQ 1
Stress Control Against Load Combination - Servicebility Conditions

Dead SDL C&S Prestressed Lane Load "D" "T " SPMT Seismic Stress
T egangan Remark
MS MA SR P TD TT TT EQ Combination
fac -4146.35 -663.77 683.45 2998.24 -3596.99 -6654.91 -5166.04 -20662.22 OK

f'ac -2061.13 -329.95 979.13 -1037.60 -1788.04 -3308.12 -2568.01 -14992.43 OK
fbc 7471.33 1196.05 2330.84 -19487.15 6481.43 11991.51 9308.71 18654.41 OK
berdasar fbc maka sistem sambungan segmental
As shown in the stress calculation above the stress condition in the both top and bottom fiber of
the girder is domminated of compression stresses. In fact, the section of prestressed girder
must be avoided any tension on both fiber. In addition, some jacking force is appled to
balancing the load that makes the section in tension conditions.
To consider tension and compression exceed the allowable stress at early age of concrete, the
jacking force take in two times. The term for described the sequences of those level is initial
stage at transfer and service condition where the load is applied.
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3.3 Design of Bridge Abutment

The bridge abutment dimension is 5.05 meters height and 14 meters long. The thickness of wall
would be 1 meter.
The long section of bridge abutment is depicted in the following figure:
Figure 3-3 Front Section of Bridge Abutment
3.3.1 Load Calculation

Based on structure analysis results in the previous sub-chapter using SAP 2000, the loads
that occur in the abutment are as follows:
Table 3.2 Loading Design on Bridge Abutment
Bridge 1 Abutment Load Cases
Abutment Length: 14 Metre
Load Total Load per Girder (Tons) Axle Load
Cases Girder Axle (Tons/m)
Girder 7 14,4 7,2
Super Dead Load 7 23,6 11,8
Strip Load 7 29,6 14,8
Moving Load 7 57,9 29,0
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3.3.2 Structural Analysis Result

The structural analysis result for each load condition can be shown in the following table
below.
Table 3.3 Force on Breast Wall
TABLE: Abutment Bridge 1 Element Force
Breast Wall Area
OutputCase CaseType M11 M22
Text Text Ton-m Ton-m
Min -5,73 -0,13
Strength I
Maks 20,69 70,90
Min -4,66 0,69
Strength II
Maks 16,63 57,09
Min -1,76 1,75
Strength III
Maks 3,43 11,24
Min -1,87 1,75
Strength IV
Maks 3,55 11,63
Min -4,66 0,69
Strength V
Maks 16,63 57,09
Table 3.4 Force on Footing Wall Abutment

TABLE: Abutment Bridge 1 Element Force
Footing Wall Area
OutputCase CaseType M11 M22
Text Text Ton-m Ton-m
Min -39,01 -26,26
Strength I
Maks 92,77 45,62
Min -31,56 -22,73
Strength II
Maks 78,46 38,96
Min -6,44 -11,23
Strength III
Maks 31,01 16,48
Min -6,96 -12,26
Strength IV
Maks 34,48 18,23
Min -31,56 -22,73
Strength V
Maks 78,46 38,96
Based on member forces that was result above, the reinforcement design for breast wall and
footing wall is present below.
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3.3.3 Breast Wall Reinforcement Design

Data Properties
K = 42
f'c = 35,00 MPa
fy = 390 MPa
Section Properties Check Minimum Rebar
b = 1000 mm ρmin = 0,0018
h = 1000 mm
c = 60 mm Amin = ρmin ∙ b ∙ d = 1800 mm 2
Df = 25 mm n = Amin / Ast = 4 nos
Ds = 13 mm
2
Ast = 0.25 ∙ π ∙ Df
= 490,87 mm 2
d = h - c -Ds - 0.5Df
= 914,50 mm
Flexural reinforcement:
Positive rebar: Negative rebar:
Mu = 70,897 ton.m Mu = 0,132 ton.m
= 695,499 kN.m = 1,299 kN.m
Mn = 869,374 kN.m Mn = 1,623 kN.m
a1 = M n ∙ 10000000 / (0.9 ∙ fy ∙ d) a1 = M n ∙ 10000000 / (0.9 ∙ fy ∙ d)
= 2708,419 = 5,057
a2 = a1 ∙ fy / (0.85 ∙ f'c ∙ b) a2 = a1 ∙ fy / (0.85 ∙ f'c ∙ b)
= 35,505 = 0,066
As = 2485,834 mm 2 As = 4,552 mm 2
n = 6 nos n = 1 nos
Place = D25-150 Place = D25-150
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3.3.4 Footing Wall Reinforcement Design

Data Properties
K = 420
f'c = 34,86 MPa
fy = 390 MPa
Section Properties Check Minimum Rebar
b = 1000 mm ρmin = 0,0018
h = 1500 mm
c = 60 mm Amin = ρmin ∙ b ∙ d = 2700 mm 2
Df = 25 mm n = Amin / Ast = 6 nos
Ds = 13 mm
2
Ast = 0.25 ∙ π ∙ Df
= 490,87 mm 2
d = h - c -Ds - 0.5Df
= 1414,50 mm
Flexural reinforcement:
Positive rebar: Negative rebar:
Mu = 92,766 ton.m Mu = 39,007 ton.m
= 910,039 kN.m = 382,659 kN.m
Mn = 1137,549 kN.m Mn = 478,324 kN.m
a1 = M n ∙ 10000000 / (0.9 ∙ fy ∙ d) a1 = M n ∙ 10000000 / (0.9 ∙ fy ∙ d)
= 2291,184 = 963,413
a2 = a1 ∙ fy / (0.85 ∙ f'c ∙ b) a2 = a1 ∙ fy / (0.85 ∙ f'c ∙ b)
= 30,156 = 12,680
As = 2084,284 mm 2 As = 870,975 mm 2
n = 5 nos n = 2 nos
Place = D25-150 Place = D25-150
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3.4 Geotechnical Design
3.4.1 General
Design pile foundation of the jetty facilities shall be refered to BL-02 and BL-01.
Locations of BL-02and BL-01 are shown in Figure. 8-1 below.
Figure 3-4 Soil Investigation for Bridge I
Figure 3-5 Soil Investigation for Bridge II
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3.4.2 Boring Log

Based on the results of soil & survey investigation that has been done on the project
location, it can be seen a layer of soil below the seabed surface, as follows:
Figure 3-6 SPT Value and Soil Type Based on BH-01
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3.4.3 Analysis of Deep Foundation Based On SPT Correlations

This chapter presents the analyses of deep foundation system : bearing capacity and
predicted settlement. Analysis was performed based on the geotechnical
investigation results.
3.4.3.1 Axial Pile Capacity a Driven Spun Pile

The ultimate axial capacity of a driven Spun pile was obtained by a simple equation
as the sum of the end bearing and the skin friction resistance :
Where,
Qu = the ultimate pile capacity
Qp = the ultimate end bearing capacity
Qs = the ultimate skin friction resistance
3.4.3.2 Skin Friction Resistance

The ultimate skin friction resistance of a driven pile in c- soil was calculated in
accordance with the following formula :
Where,
Qsc = contribution of soil cohesion, c
Qs = contribution of internal friction angle, 
3.4.3.3 Contribution of Soil Cohesion

The contribution of soil cohesion for the ultimate skin friction resistance was
obtained by the following formula:
Where,
Qsc = contribution of soil cohesion, c for ultimate skin friction resistance
 = adhesion factor (Figure 6-3)
Cu-I = undrained soil cohesion at layer –i
Ii = length of pile segment along layer –i
p = perimeter of pile
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Figure 3-10 Adhesion Factors vs Undrained Shearing Resistance for Driven Piles
3.4.3.4 Contribution of internal friction angle of soil, 

The contribution interval friction angle of soil,  for the ultimate skin friction
resistance could be obtained by the following formula,
Where,
Qs = contribution of internal friction angle of soil,
 for ultimate skin friction resistance
fi = Ksi.’V-1.tan ()
Ks = coefficient of horizontal soil stress at layer-i
’v-1 = effective vertical stress at middle of layer-i
 = angle of wall friction at layer –i
Ii = length of pile segment along layer-i
A value of K 0.8 is recommended for open-ended pipe piles that are driven
unplugged, for loadings in both tension and compression. A value of k of 1.0 is
recommended for full displacement piles. In the absence of data on , Table 6.1
was selected as guidelines only for siliceous sand.
Table 3.5 Value of the Friction Angle for Certain Soil
Meyerhof has also indicated that the average unit friction resistance for driven high-
displacement piles in sand can be obtained from the average N-SPT value as,
Qu = 0.2 N. As
N = Mean N value for the total embedded length of the pile
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3.4.3.5 End Bearing Capacity

In general, the ultimate end bearing capacity of driven pile that penetrated into c-
soils could be expressed as :
Where,
Qp = ultimate end bearing capacity
Ap = area of pile tip
q’ = effective vertical stress at the level of pile tip
Nc*, Nq* = the bearing capacity factors
3.4.3.6 End Bearing in Cohesive Soil

The API recommendation in equal form is as follows, along with a suggestion for
modifying the value of c :
Where,
Qp = axial load capacity in end bearing
q = unit bearing resistance
c = undrained shear strength at tip of pile, usually taken as the average over
a distance of 2 diameters below the tip of the pile
Ap = cross-sections area of tip of pile
3.4.3.7 End Bearing in Cohesionless Soil

For end bearing in cohesionless soils, API recommends the following.
Where,
’ = effective overburden pressure at pile tip, and
Nq = bearing capacity factor
For siliceous soil, Table 3-6 was recommended as guidelines.
Table 3.6 Value of Capacity for Certain Soil
Limiting q
Soil Nq
Kips/ft2 MPa
Very loose to medium, sand to silt 8 40 1.9
Loose to dense, sand to silt 12 60 2.9
Medium to dense, sand to sand silt 20 100 4.8
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Dense to very dense, sand to sand-

40 200 9.6
silt
Dense to very dense, gravel to

50 250 12.0
sand
Berezantsev recommended Nq values as show in Figure6-4, which take into account

the ratio of depth to width pile most nearly conform to practical criteria of pile
failure.
Figure 3-11 Berezantsev’s Bearing Capacity Factor, Nq

• Skin frictional resistance
The ultimate skin friction resistance of driven pile in c- soil can be calculated by
using the following formula:
Where,
Qsc = contribution of soil cohesion
Qs = contribution of internal friction angle of soil, .
• Contribution of soil cohesion
The contribution of soil cohesion for the ultimate skin friction resistance could
be obtained by the following formula:
Fs = ’vCu
where,
α = adhesion factor
Cu = undrained cohesion at corresponding depth
Where,
L = length of pile
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(Source: API RP2A, 1986)

Figure 3-12 Adhesion Factors vs. Undrained Shearing Resistance for Driven Piles
• Contribution of Internal Friction Angle of Soil 
Contribution of soil angle of internal friction,  for the ultimate skin friction
resistance could be obtained by the following formula,
Where,
Qs = contribution of internal friction angle of soil,
 for ultimate skin friction resistance
fi = Ksi. v-I tan 
Ks = coefficient of horizontal soil stress at layer-i
v-I = effective vertical stress at middle of layer –i
 = angle of wall friction at layer-i
Ii = length of pile segment along layer –i
Meyerhof (1976) suggests the unit resistance for driven piles in sand can be
compute from the average N-SPT using the following formula.
Qu = 0.2 N x As (ton):
for highly displacement pile (plugged) (Thorburn & McVicar, 1979)
Qu = 0.1 Nx As (ton) : for low displacement pile (unplugged)
N = N value for the total embedded length of the pile
• End bearing Capacity (Plug Condition)
As mentioned before, the bearing unplug condition is skin friction inside pipe
pile which is computed as 70% of the outside friction. The ultimate plugged end
bearing of driven piles which are penetrated into c- soils could be computed
as:
Where,
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Qp = ultimate end bearing capacity

Ap = area of pile tip
C = cohesion of the soil supporting the pile tip
q’ = effective vertical stress at the level of pile tip
Nc, Nq = the bearing capacity factors
For cohesive soils, API recommends using the following equation
Where,
Qp = axial load capacity in end bearing
q = unit bearing resistance
c = undrained shear strength at tip of pile
Ap = cross-sectional area of tip of pile
For end bearing in cohesionless soils, Japanese Association for Steel Pipe Pile
(1998) recommends the following
qp = 400N
where,
N = SPT values of subsoil at the tip of the pile
The end bearing is limited to 16.000
3.4.3.8 Result of Foundation Analysis for Bridge I

Based on the results of structural analysis in the previous chapter, the summary of
structural analysis results for abutment foundation is as follows.
Table 3.7 Joint Reaction of Bridge I
Bridge 1
Joint F1 (ton) F2 (ton) F3 (ton)
1 0.00 1.35 113.20
2 0.00 1.35 113.20
3 0.00 1.35 113.20
4 0.00 1.35 113.20
5 0.00 1.35 113.20
6 0.00 1.35 113.20
7 0.00 1.35 113.20
Length of Abutment 14.0 meter

Lateral Load 0.0 ton/m
Axial Load 56.6 ton/m
Total Lateral Load -336.238 ton
Total Axial Load 1499.032 ton
Total Moment 74.88423 ton.m
*Total Load & Moment is due to bridge load
and soil fill behind abutment
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The type of foundation used is CSP 600 mm as many as 28 piles with embedded
pile length L = 30 m. Design of the pile foundation for twenty eight piles can be
seen below.
Figure 3-13 Foundation Design of Bridge I Abutment
In analyzing the capacity of the actual group pile support capacity that occurs
when load is given, Group Pile v.2014 program assistance is used, the following
is the output of the modeling using the Group Pile v.2014 program.
Source: Output Group Pile v.2014

Figure 3-14 Bridge Foundation Modeling I
The actual pressure that occurs on the group pile is obtained from the output of
the Group Pile V.2014 program calculation, the result of the actual pressure
occurring on the pile can be seen in the figure below,
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Figure 3-15 Output from the axial pressure value on the foundation of Bridge I
Analysis of power capacity of pile group which refers to point BH-1 is as follows:
Pcompression, actual = 67.5 Ton (Output Group Pile v.2014)
Pcompression, allowable = 74.07 Ton (based on BH-01, SFcompression = 2.5 → OCDI)
Pcompression, actual = 67.5 Ton < Pcompression, allowable = 74.07 Ton → OK!!
Above description Is the result of calculation of compressive capacity on pile based on soil
data of result of investigation. However, it is advisable to do a PDA test, aiming to know the
capacity of tap and the actual tensile pile capacity.
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The actual lateral force occurring in the group pole is obtained from the output
of the Group Pile V.2014 program calculation, the result of the actual lateral
force occurring on the pole can be seen in the figure below,
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Figure 3-17 Output from the deflection value on the foundation of Bridge I
Analysis of lateral bearing capacity of pole group is as follows:
PLateral, actual = 12 Ton (Output Group Pile v.2014)
Deflection, actual = 0.71 cm
Deflection, max = 2.54 cm
Deflection, actual = 0.71 cm < Deflection, max = 2.54 cm → OK!!
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Figure 3-19 Output from the displacement value on the foundation of Bridge I
Settlement analysis in the pile group is as follows:

• Pcompression, actual = 67.5 Ton (Output perhitungan Group Pile v.2014)
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• Settlement, actual = 0.2 cm

• Settlement, max = 2.54 cm
• Settlement, actual = 0.2 cm < Settlement, max = 2.54 cm → OK!!
3.4.4 Global Stability Analysis of Bridge Abutment

Circular trial slip surfaces were inherent in the earliest limit equilibrium
formulations and the techniques of specifying circular slip surfaces has become
entrenched in these types of analyses. The trial slip surface is an arc of circle. The
arc is that portion of a circle that cuts through the slope. A circle can be defined by
specifying the x-y coordinate of the centre and the radius. A wide variation of trial
slip surfaces can be specified with a defined grid of circle centers and a range of
defined radius. In SLOPE/W, this procedure is called the Grid and Radius method.
3.4.4.1 Result of Slope Stability Analysis for Bridge I
Figure 3-20 Slope Stability Analysis Model for Bridge I
Figure 3-21 Result Slope Stability Analysis Model for Bridge I
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3.4.4.2 Notes for Stability of Bridge Abutment

The stability safety factor of abutments on bridge 1 is adequate from minimum safety
factor of 1.5 based on SNI or some codes of practices. However the soil fill must be
compacted with criteria which is the unit weight of soil fill must be 90% of optimum unit
weight of soil fill (fill ≥ 90% of opt) because the stability of these bridges are very dependent
on strength of soil fill.
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171079-RPT-I-BRD-001-00 Design Report of Bridge 1

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JOB NO DOC. NO. REV.

0 10.05.2018 ALL Issued for Review

PT. ATRYA SWASCIPTA REKAYASA

Address : Jln. Pahlawan No.95

Phone : +62 - 22 - 2514730,31

REV. NO DATE DESCRIPTION

LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... III

LIST OF TABLE .......................................................................................................................... IV

1.1 General ................................................................................................................................... 5

2. DESIGN CRITERIA .................................................................................................................. 7

2.1 Codes and Standards ............................................................................................................... 7

3. BRIDGE DESIGN ................................................................................................................... 18

3.1 General ................................................................................................................................. 18

Figure 1-1 Location of Bridge 1 at Cigembol Rivers............................................................................5

Figure 1-1 Location of Bridge 1 at Cigembol Rivers

Figure 1-2 River Cross Section at Bridge 1

Figure 1-3 Site Situation at Cigembol River

1.2 Scope of Work

2.1 Codes and Standards

2.2.1 Reinforced Concrete

2.2.2 Prestressed Concrete for Main Beam (I Girder)

2.2.3 Prestressed Concrete for Pile

2.2.4 Steel Reinforcement

2.3 Design Loads

Tabel 2.1 Material Density for Calculating Dead Load [kg/m³]

2.3.2 Superimposed Dead Load (MA)

Lane Load (D)

Figure 2-1 Lane Load “D”: BTR

Figure 2-2 Lane Load Arrangement.

Vehicle Load (T)

Figure 2-3 Truck Load “T” (500 kN)

2.3.4 SPMT Load

Figure 2-4 Wheel Configurations of SPMT

For Lane Load "D"

For Wheel Load Truck 50 "T":

Figure 2-5 Dynamic Load Factor for BGT

Figure 2-6 Seismic Map 7% on 75 yrs (PGA)

Figure 2-7 Seismic Map 7% on 75 yrs (SS)

Figure 2-8 Seismic Map 7% on 75 yrs (S1)

2.4 Load Combination

Tabel 2.5 Load Factor for Superimposed Dead Load

Figure 3-1 Long Section of Bridge 1

Figure 3-2 Cross Section of Bridge 1

3.2 Design of Prestressed I-Girder

Table 3.1 Bending Moment on the Girder

3.2.1 Prestressed I Girder Properties

Prestressed Girder Dimension

Concrete Strength K- 500 kg/cm2

Effective Deck Width Calculation

Plate effective width (Be) take:

Section Properties of Prestressed Girder

Total Depth Beam Girder h= 1.6 m

Section Properties Beam composit (Girder + plat)

Section Properties Balok Prategang

Total Depth Beam Girder hc = 1.95 m

Initial Conditions (At Transfer)

Final Conditions (at Service)

Initial Jacking Force Pt = 5534.6 kN

ns1 3 Tendon 12 strands/tendon 36 strands Duct Diameter 76 mm

Yield stress percentages on steel, P0 = Pt / ( 0.85 * ns * Pbs ) = 79 < 80% OK

Beam Girder Reinforcement

1. Tendon Position At Span

2. Tendon Position At Support

Distance from girder based to center of tendon line-4 a' 0.25 m