Hypothesis Tests:

Population Proportion
( 1 Sample Test)

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A Summary of Forms for Null and Alternative
Hypotheses About a Population Proportion
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The equality part of the hypotheses always appears

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in the null hypothesis.
n In general, a hypothesis test about the value of a
population proportion p must take one of the
following three forms (where p0 is the hypothesized
value of the population proportion).

H 0 : p ³ p0 H 0 : p £ p0 H 0 : p = p0
H a : p < p0 H a : p > p0 H a : p ¹ p0

One-tailed One-tailed Two-tailed

(lower tail) (upper tail)

Slide 2
 Tests About a Population Proportion

n Test Statistic
p - p0
z=
sp
where:

p0 (1 - p0 )
M sp =

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n

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assuming np > 5 and n(1 – p) > 5

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Tests About a Population Proportion

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n Rejection Rule: Critical Value Approach C
H0: p < p0 Reject H0 if z > za (1-tailed Upper)

H0: p > p0 Reject H0 if z < -za (1-tailed Upper)

H0: p = p0 Reject H0 if z < -za/2 or z > za/2 (2-tailed)

Slide 4
 Test About a
Population Proportion
n Example: National Safety Council
For a Christmas and New Year’s week, the
National Safety Council estimated that
500 people would be killed and 25,000
injured on the nation’s roads. The
NSC claimed that 50% of the

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accidents would be caused by

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drunk driving.

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Test About a
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Population Proportion
n Example: National Safety Council
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A sample of 120 accidents showed that
67 were caused by drunk driving. Use
these data to test the NSC’s claim with
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a = .05.

Slide 6
 Test About a
Population Proportion
n Critical Value Approaches

1. Determine the hypotheses. H 0 : p = .5

H a : p ¹ .5
2. Specify the level of significance. a = .05

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3. Compute the value of the test statistic.

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p0 (1 - p0 ) .5(1 - .5)
sp = = = .045644
n 120

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a common
error is using p - p0 (67 /120) - .5
p in this z= = = 1.28

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formula sp .045644

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Two-Tailed Test About a
Population Proportion
n Critical Value Approach
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4. Determine the critical value and rejection rule,
And Determine whether to reject H0.

For a/2 = .05/2 = .025, z.025 = 1.96

Reject H0 if z < -1.96 or z > 1.96

Slide 8
 Two-Tailed Tests About a Population Mean:
s Known
n Using Z-Table

Sampling
distribution
of z = x - m 0 1.28
s/ n

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Reject H0 Do Not Reject H0 Reject H0

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-1.96 0 1.96

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Because 1.278 > -1.96 and < 1.96, we cannot reject H0.
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Two-Tailed Test About a
Population Proportion
n Critical Value Approach
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5. Conclusion C
Because we cannot reject H0 (1.278 > -1.96 and < 1.96)
Claim of NSC is right, that 50% of the accidents
would be caused by drunk driving.

Slide 10
 Conclusion

n Claim of NSC is right, that 50% of the accidents

would be caused by drunk driving.

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