Assignment 01

Information and Communications Technology

Submitted By:
Muhammad Hanzla
Reg:
FA20-BCS-042
Section:
A
Submitted to:
M.M. Yasin
 Question # 1:
Write a brief note on Flat_Panel Monitors along with its advantages and disadvantages. Briefly
explain two main categories of liquid crystal displays (LCDs).

Flat-Panels display are the second category of monitors while the CRT are first. They were
primarily used in laptops also called portable computers at first but these days they are used
with every desktop computers. Even our handheld devices today are flat-panels.

Advantages:
Flat panel monitors are only a few inches deep and weigh less than 10 pounds.
They take less space. They are cooler than the old CRT monitors
Disadvantages:
Their images can be hard to see in bright environments. Their viewing angle is limited
meaning the image can be seen clearly only at a certain position i.e. if u r siting in front of it.
U cannot view it from sides
Their viewing angle shrinks and image is fuzzy when viewed from a certain angle.
Two main categories of liquid Crystal:
Passive matrix LCD: The pixels that we see on these, each of them depend on transistors
both rows and columns wise meaning that a single transistor is responsible for changing the
pixel of each row and column. The pixel changes its colour to form a certain image which is
determined by the electricity coming from the transistor. The down side is their slow refresh
rate.
Active matrix LCD: These lcds are high refresh rate panels, the reason being that each pixel
changes individually because each pixel has its own transistor assigned to it unlike passive
matrix lcds. They also have a wider viewing angle compared to passive matrix lcds. AM
displays use tft (thin film transistor) technology which many computers used today.

Question # 2:
Briefly describe the following terms: (i)Resolution, (ii)Refresh Rate, (iii)Dot Pitch.
1) Resolution:

Resolution of a display is the clarity of images the display offers. For example if an LCD has more
pixels, it will have higher quality image, thus a higher resolution as well because monitors resolution
is determined by pixels. For example 1920 by 1080 resolution means that here are 1920 pixels
horizontally in the screen and 1080 vertically.

Refresh Date:

Electron guns refresh the entire screen several times per second meaning that every pixel is on the
screen is refreshed. It is important because otherwise the phosphor (screens are coated with them,
they glow when hit with electric beams) would fade away if screen is not refreshed enough. The
refresh rate is measured in Hz, when we buy an LCD, we hear that it is 60 HZ which means that its
pixel refresh 60 times in a second.
Dot Pitch:
Each pixel at its boundary has red dots as pixel is made up of 3 layer , one layer is red dot or red
pixel,,, the distance between the 2 red dots of two pixels is called dot pitch. Rule of thumb that the
smaller the dot pitch, the more accurate and better the image will appear in quality.

Question # 3:
Write a brief note on “Ink Jet” and “Laser” Printers.

Ink printers actually spray the ink on the paper through tiny nozzles, like we write on paper with
pens through their tiny nozzles except in printer there are many smalls nozzles that does the same
job. At start the ink jet printer were not so common and were very expensive. But these days, we
can get 1 at cheap price. An ink printer can write 3 or more pages in a minute. The advantage of Ink
Jet printers is that they are cheap when compared to laser printer. Ink jet have two types of ink
cartridges, black and coloured cartridges.

Laser printers have high print Quality compared to Ink jets, AS the name Depicts, laser printers have
a laser and built-in CPU and memory to intercept the data. They are fast compared to ink jets. When
a paper is passed through the rotating drum which is electrically charged by the laser pointed at it.
The toner composed of tiny particles of ink sticks to the part the laser has charged on the drum.
Then the pressure and heat is applied so that the toner on drum Is transferred to paper

Question # 4:
What 4 factors should you consider when evaluating printers.

The four factors that should be considered while evaluating printers are namely

1. Image Quality

2. Speed

3. Initial Cost

4. Cost of Operation