SÁCH GIẢI CHI TIẾT ĐỀ IELTS WRITING 2022 BY NGOCBACH

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Contents
Đề ngày 09/01/2022 (Trung Quốc).............................................................................................................. 7
Task 1. The diagram shows the components of a neuron and how it works ...................................... 7
Đề ngày 12/1/2022 ........................................................................................................................................ 9
Task 1. Smoked food................................................................................................................................ 9
Đề thi ngày 19/1/2022................................................................................................................................. 11
Task 1: map của 1 medical centre 2008 và 2010 ................................................................................. 11
Task 2. An increase in the production of consumer goods results in damage to the natural
environment. Why is this the case, and what solutions are possible? .............................................. 12
Đề thi ngày 07/02/2022............................................................................................................................... 16
Task 1. The diagrams show the floor plans for a trade conference .................................................. 16
Đề thi ngày 12/02/2022............................................................................................................................... 18
Task 1. The picture below shows the differences in the layout of the conference centre ................ 18
Task 2. 2 part questions......................................................................................................................... 19
Đề thi ngày 23/2/2022 (Trung Quốc) ........................................................................................................ 25
Task 1. The diagram shows the flooding area of two rivers and possible solutions. ........................... 25
Đề thi ngày 12/03/2022............................................................................................................................... 27
Task 1. The plan shows the design of a community centre 10 years ago and now. ......................... 27
Task 2. Fewer young people do farming work in rural areas. Why? Should young people be
encouraged to do farming work? ......................................................................................................... 29
Đề thi ngày 26/03/2022............................................................................................................................... 32
Task 1. The diagrams show a museum and its surroundings in 1990 and 2010 .............................. 32
Task 2: In some countries, if people need to find work, they have to move away from their
families and their friends. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? .................. 34
Đề thi ngày 12/05/2022............................................................................................................................... 38
Task 1. Bar charts .................................................................................................................................. 38
Task 2.As major cities in the world are growing today, so do their problems. ................................ 41
Đề thi ngày 28/05/2022............................................................................................................................... 42
Task 1. The graph below shows the percentage of Australian exports to 4 countries from 1990 to
2012 ......................................................................................................................................................... 42
Task 2.The population of many cities is growing rapidly. ................................................................. 43
Đề thi ngày 04/06/2022............................................................................................................................... 47
Task 1. Pie charts ................................................................................................................................... 47
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Task 2. Environmental damage is a problem in most countries. What are the major causes of
environmental damage? Who are responsible for preventing environmental damage? ................ 49
Đề thi ngày 18/06/2022............................................................................................................................... 54
Task 1. The chart shows the depth of snow in a particular ski resort .............................................. 55
Task 2 : Crimes committed by young people are increasing in major cities throughout the world.
Discuss the causes and how to solve this problem. ............................................................................. 56
Đề thi ngày 07/07/2022............................................................................................................................... 60
Task 1. The diagram illustrates how cocoa beans are processed. ..................................................... 60
Task 2. Nowadays people depend on technology for leisure activities. Is this a positive or negative
development?.......................................................................................................................................... 61
Đề thi ngày 29/7/2022................................................................................................................................. 62
Task 1. The table shows the average salaries in US dollars in five countries at different stages
until achieving the maximum salary. ................................................................................................... 62
Đề thi ngày 4/8/2022 (trung quốc) ............................................................................................................ 63
Task 1. The diagram compares the skeletons of two ancestors from which the human species is
descended today. .................................................................................................................................... 63
Đề thi ngày 06/08/2022............................................................................................................................... 65
Task 1. The diagram shows the different stages in the production of woollen goods ..................... 65
Task 2.There are several factors that motivate people to stay in the workforce, and money is the
most important factor. To what extent do you agree or disagree? ................................................... 67
Đề thi ngày 25/08/2022............................................................................................................................... 69
Task 1.The diagrams show the structure of a solar panel and its use. ............................................. 69
Task 2. Today, children and teenagers are committing more crimes. Why is this case? How
should they be punished ? ..................................................................................................................... 72
Đề thi ngày 24/09/2022............................................................................................................................... 75
Task 1: The bar chart shows the proportion of people aged over 65 years old in Germany,
Canada, and the UK over a period of 50 years. .................................................................................. 75
Task 2. Some people believe that studying at university or college is the best route to a successful
career, while others believe that it is better to get a job straight after school.................................. 76

6 KÊNH CHÍNH THỨC DUY NHẤT CỦA
THẦY NGỌC BÁCH IELTS
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-Ngọc Bách-

LỜI NÓI ĐẦU CỦA TÁC GIẢ
Hi các bạn,
Mình là Ngọc Bách. Các bạn đang cầm trên tay quyển sách IELTS Writing 2022 được viết bởi
mình và đã được review bởi giám khảo IELTS bản xứ. Nhiều bài trong sách là do giám khảo,
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Cuốn sách được viết với mục đích nhằm giúp cho tất cả các bạn đang tự học IELTS Writing có
một tài liệu cập nhật nhất với đề thi thật , ngoài ra đảm bảo độ chính xác , đáng tin cậy nhất có
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bài task 1, 600k cho 1 bài task 2).
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HƯỚNG DẪN SỬ DỤNG SÁCH
+ Bước 1: In tài liệu ra để học cho dễ
+ Bước 2: Với mỗi bài mẫu các bạn học như sau:
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bài định viết gì ? Kết luận viết gì ?
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viết gì ?
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Tất nhiên là với 1 bài task 1, task 2 có nhiều cách viết và tiếp cận để đạt điểm cao, tuy nhiên hướng
mình sử dụng trong bài mẫu thường sẽ là hướng đơn giản nhất, ăn điểm cao nhất
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toàn miễn phí
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Note: Với task 2, cố gắng học thuộc các cụm từ tốt được giải thích sau mỗi bài và áp dụng vào
chính bài viết của các bạn. Tốt nhất là mỗi khổ thân bài các bạn nên sử dụng 3~5 cụm từ mình sử
dụng

Đề ngày 09/01/2022 (Trung Quốc)
Task 1. The diagram shows the components of a neuron and how it works
Link làm test Online trực tuyến:

https://ieltsngocbach.com/writing_tests/de-thi-ngay-09-01-2022-trung-quoc

Report Plan:
• Paraphrase paragraph: shows>illustrates; components>various parts; how it

works>the way in which they function
• Summary/overview paragraph: (1) it has 6 components (ii) cell body on the
left to the terminal buttons on the right
• Paragraph 3: report on the cell body and dendrites – their form and function
• Paragraph 4: report on the other parts – their form and function
Report:
The diagram illustrates the various parts of a neuron and the way in which they function.
Overall, six connected components are shown, from the cell body on the left to the
terminal buttons on the right.
The cell body, or soma, is surrounded by dendrites. These are a number of branch-like
structures which, like the branches of a tree, become thinner towards their ends. These
dendrites act as receptors of messages from other cells.
One of the branches, however, has no dendrites and this is called the axon. Instead of
receiving messages it transmits them away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles
or glands. A myelin sheath covers the axon of some neurons, helping to speed up the
electrical signals that pass down the axon shown in the diagram as action potential. The
electrical signals travel down the length of the axon, until they reach the terminal buttons
that branch out from the axon. These terminal buttons, finally, enable the neuron to form
junctions with other cells.
169 words

Đề ngày 12/1/2022
Task 1. Smoked food
Link làm test Online trực tuyến:

https://ieltsngocbach.com/writing_tests/de-thi-ngay-12-01-2022

Report Plan:
• Paraphrase paragraph: shows>illustrates; the structure of a home smokery

and how it is used>how a home smokery is operated and structured
• Overview/summary paragraph: (1) it has 3 parts (2) name the first and last
parts
• Paragraph 3: report on the structure of the first 2 parts, and how they are
used
• Paragraph 4: report on the structure of the box and how it operates
Report:
The diagram illustrates how a home smokery is operated and structured.
Overall, the smokery comprises three parts, connected by pipes, beginning with a
chamber through which air enters and ending with a box in which the food is smoked.
First, air enters an underground chamber. The entry of air is controlled by opening and
closing the lid of this chamber. At the base, there is a pipe which takes air from the
chamber into a second underground chamber, with a lid situated at ground level. This
contains logs, which are heated, producing smoke. The pipe at the base of this chamber,
allows heat and smoke to pass to the final stage.
The process of smoking the food takes place in the third and final box or chamber, about
two-thirds of which is above ground level. The box is an enclosed structure. Heat and
smoke enters through the pipe at the base, passing through bricks which are placed on top
of this inlet pipe. The heat and smoke then rise to the top of the box, where the meat or
fish to be smoked is suspended and smoked.
187 words.

Đề thi ngày 19/1/2022
Task 1: map của 1 medical centre 2008 và 2010
The diagrams show changes to a medical centre from 2008 to 2010.
Report Plan:
• Paraphrase paragraph: diagrams>plans; show>illustrate; changes>the

changed layout; from 2008 to 2010>over the period 2008 to 2010.
• Overview/summary paragraph: (1) the centre was extended (ii) 4 new rooms
were added
• Paragraph 3: report changes to the building area above the corridor
• Paragraph 4: report changes to the rest of the building

Report:
The plans illustrate the changed layout of a medical centre over the period 2008 to 2010.
Overall, the building was extended over this period. Four additional rooms were
provided, which were used for various purposes.
In 2008, there were only three offices for doctors along the corridor, but by 2010 another
doctor’s office was added, next to the others . At the other end of the corridor to the
treatment room, a store room was also added by 2010,
Extra rooms were also built by 2010 at the other side of the corridor. The main entrance,
waiting room, laboratory, reception and staff office all remained unchanged from 2008.
However, a pharmacy was added, with a door leading to the corridor, and an extra door
enabled access to the laboratory from the corridor. In the diagram for 2010, on the left of
the waiting room, a new area had a mother and child room and an education room.
155 words
Task 2. An increase in the production of consumer goods results in damage to the

natural environment. Why is this the case, and what solutions are possible?
Essay Plan:
• Introduction: refer to the task statement. State that there are reasons to
explain this, but there are some solutions.
• Paragraph 2: reasons why – (1) mineral extraction to make consumer goods
destroys natural habitats e.g. minerals to make batteries for electric cars (2)
consumption creates waste and pollution e.g. water sources
• Paragraph 3: solutions – (1) goods must be used for longer; reduce
consumption by restrictions on production and marketing (2) invest in
research for recycling more things – reduce depletion of natural resources.
• Conclusion: there are links between production of consumer goods and
environmental damage, but there are solutions which should be adopted.
Essay:
It is true that there has been an enormous increase in the production of consumer goods
worldwide during the last two or three centuries. There has also been incalculable
environmental damage in this same period. While there are reasons to connect these two
trends, some solutions are possible to help prevent the ecological crisis which is resulting.
Two major causes of the damage caused to the natural environment by the growing
production of consumer goods can be easily identified. Firstly, there is the
environmental degradation that results from the extraction of minerals. For example,
there are about 1.5 billion cars in the world, and electric vehicles are promoted as an
environmentally friendly alternative to petrol, as this will cut down on emissions and
reduce reliance on fossil fuels. However, for the batteries alone of these electric cars, the
mining of minerals like cobalt and lithium will lead to massive habitat destruction across
the world. Secondly, consumption of goods creates mountains of toxic waste, most of
which is not bio-degradable, and often pollutes water sources and kills the wildlife which
depends on clean water.
Measures must be taken to reduce consumption and to develop recycling technology. In
terms of reducing consumption, too many consumer goods become obsolete too quickly.
Washing machines, computers, refrigerators, cars and televisions, for instance, should all
function for decades, and so there must be strict controls on production standards and
marketing. From a recycling perspective, advances in technology enable many
materials to be re-used, and governments must provide funding for more research in this
field. If more goods can be recycled, then there will be less depletion of natural
resources.
In conclusion, causes of environmental damage stemming from consumption are obvious
and reducing consumption and more recycling are part of the solution.
295 words
Vocabulary from the environment:

• an ecological crisis
Meaning: a serious situation that occurs when the environment of a species or a
population changes in a way that destabilizes its continued survival
Example: Environmental degradation caused by human activity is provoking an
ecological crisis which threatens our existence.
• environmental degradation
Meaning: the process or fact of the environment becoming worse

Example: Africa is a continent in which environmental degradation is evident in
the spread of deserts and the extinction of animal species.
• environmentally friendly
Meaning: behaviour or products that do not harm the environment
Example: We can help to protect the environment by using detergents and cosmetics
that are environmentally friendly.
• to cut down on emissions

Meaning: to reduce the amount of gases sent out into the air
Example: People must be made aware of the need to cut down on emissions from
their cars if we are to reduce air pollution.
• to reduce the dependence/reliance on fossil fuels

Meaning: to decrease people’s consumption of fossil fuels, like oil, coal or gas.
Example: Governments must invest heavily in solar and wind energy projects in
order to reduce our dependence/reliance on fossil fuels.
• habitat destruction
Meaning: the process that occurs when a natural habitat, like a forest or wetland, is
changed so dramatically by humans that plants and animals which live there no
longer survive.
Example: The elephant population in the world is declining because of habitat
destruction caused by human exploitation of the environment.
• toxic waste
Meaning: poisonous, unwanted waste produced by factories
Example: Many species of fish are endangered as a result of the toxic waste
dumped by industries into the rivers and the sea.
• to be bio-degradable
Meaning: a substance or chemical that can be changed to a natural harmless state by
the action of bacteria
Example: Most plastics are not biodegradable, and remain as waste products in
the environment for thousands of years.
• to deplete natural resources

Meaning: to reduce the amount of natural resources.

Example: Timber companies must not be allowed to deplete natural resources by
cutting down trees without planting new trees to replace them.
• to stem from
Meaning: to be caused by
Example: Scientists say that global warming partly stems from the increase in car
exhaust emissions.
Vocabulary from technology:
• to become obsolete
Meaning: to be no longer used because something new has been invented
Example: Technological innovation is now so rapid, that even the latest
electronic devices soon become obsolete.
• advances in technology
Meaning: the improvement or development in technology
Example: Recent advances in medical technology are making a great
contribution to the search for a cure for Aids.
Vocabulary from government:
• to provide funding for

Meaning: to give money to enable something to be done
Example: Providing funding for health care must be a priority of governments.
Other vocabulary:
• incalculable [adjective]:
Meaning: so large or great that it cannot be calculated
Example: The COVID-19 virus has caused incalculable suffering for millions
of people.
• alone [adjective]:
Meaning: one particular thing (used after a noun or pronoun, to emphasise that
you are referring to only one thing, out of a number of possible things).

Example: That restaurant is very expensive: a glass of wine alone costs $10
more than a bottle of the same wine in a supermarket.
• mining [noun]:
Meaning: the activity of extracting coal or other minerals from the ground
Example: Even today, mining is often a dangerous and unhealthy job.

Task 1. The diagrams show the floor plans for a trade conference

Report Plan:
• Paraphrase paragraph: diagrams>plans; show>illustrate; the floor

plans>changes to the layout; 2010>the following year
• Overview/summary paragraph: the layout changed in 2010 to provide (1)
more seats and (2) more display stands
• Paragraph 3: report on changes to the refreshment and registration areas
and to the balcony
• Paragraph 4: report on changes to the conference hall and exhibition area
Report:
The plans illustrate changes to the the layout for the same trade conference in 2009 and
for the following year.
Overall, it is clear that the layout changed in 2010 to provide more seating and more
display stands.
In 2009, a refreshments area was located between the main and side entrances to the
venue, while a registration desk stood below the balcony, on the right of the diagram. A
year later, the refreshments and registration facilities changed places, and a lounge area
was provided in the balcony.
A conference hall and stage were marked on the left of the plan for 2009, facing the main
entrance. Three meeting rooms were located below the conference hall. However, by
2010, the conference hall had more seating, but no meeting rooms, and now stood on the
bottom right of the diagram, occupying the space used in 2009 for an exhibition area.
Therefore, the exhibition area was moved in 2010 to face the main entrance, in the space
previously used for the conference hall the year before. This exhibition area was also
expanded in 2010, with more display stands added and access to the balcony and lounge
area.
194 words.

Task 1. The picture below shows the differences in the layout of the conference centre
Report Plan:
• Paraphrase paragraph: picture>plans: show>illustrate; differences in the

layout>the proposed layout
• Overview/summary paragraph: (1) the car park will be bigger in 2025 (2)
several rooms will be added in the 2025 plan

• Paragraph 3: report on changes to the top left of the plans, residence hall, the
car park and the garden
• Paragraph 4: report on the new rooms, canteen/kitchen and IT Centre.
Report:
The plans illustrate a conference centre in 2010 and the proposed layout for 2025.
Overall, the car park will be enlarged and various rooms will be added in 2025 for
residence, meetings, music, games, food and IT.
At the top left of both diagrams, two rooms and a hall are marked. However, in 2025 it is
projected that a residence hall of 20 rooms next to the hall will occupy part of the space
used for car parking and the garden in 2010. This car park will be enlarged, shown as a
large square shape on the right of the diagram for 2025. There will be a smaller garden
area in 2025, leading to the reception entrance, which will remain in the same place as in
2010.
In the centre of the plans for 2025, some of the garden area will be used for two meeting
rooms, a games room and music room. A canteen and kitchen will be next to these
proposed rooms. Also in 2025, at the bottom left of the plan, a new IT Centre is
proposed.
180 words
Task 2. 2 part questions
More and more people today are choosing to eat only healthy food and are making time
to exercise regularly. Why is this? What can be done to encourage other people to eat
only healthy food and to make time to exercise regularly?
Essay Plan:
• Introduction: refer to the task statement. Write that some reasons can be
identified and some measures should be taken
• Paragraph 2: reasons why – mainly education has motivated these trends. (1)
healthier food in schools; websites and magazines on healthy eating (2)
exercise campaigns promote health and fitness

• Paragraph 3: measures: extend campaigns for healthy diet and exercise.
Example: ‘5-a-day’ campaign in the UK. Governments should fund more
facilities, such as free gyms/sports centres in every locality
• Conclusion: education has played an important role in promoting these
trends, campaigns should be extended and more facilities provided.
Essay:
It is true that many people today are adopting healthy eating habits and taking regular
exercise. Some reasons for these trends can be identified, and more measures could be
taken to encourage others to follow suit.
The growing desire for a healthy lifestyle is principally a result of education. In terms of
food, children in schools in developed countries are now provided with a healthier diet ,
and may even be offered a vegetarian or vegan diet. There are also more websites and
magazines that encourage people to eat a balanced diet with a high proportion of fresh
fruit and vegetables. From the perspective of regular exercise, health awareness
campaigns are making people conscious of the dangers of a sedentary lifestyle and
promoting various ways to keep fit. Even elderly people are encouraged to take gentle
exercise, such as walking or swimming.
More should now be done to campaign for healthy eating and the benefits of getting into
shape. Firstly, national and local authorities must allocate resources to the promotion of
healthy eating. For example, a very successful campaign in the United Kingdom a few
years ago used the slogan of ‘5-a-day’, making the public aware of the benefits of eating
a minimum of 5 portions of fruit and vegetables every day. Secondly, governments
should provide funding for more sports facilities. The majority of the population should
have free access to a local sports centre where they could work out at the gym, swim or
take part in exercise classes.
In conclusion, education has played an important role in encouraging people to exercise

and to eat more healthy food. If governments devote more resources to promoting these
trends, then even more people are likely to make these healthy choices.
289 words

Vocabulary from health:
• healthy eating habits

Meaning: eating healthy food at regular times of the day
Example: Health education involves teaching people about healthy eating habits,
such as regular mealtimes and eating fruit and vegetables every day.
• to take regular exercise

Meaning: to do some physical activity on a regular basis
Example: Authorities should encourage people of all ages to take regular exercise
by providing facilities in each community.
• health awareness campaigns

Meaning: publicity to encourage people to be concerned about looking after their
health.
Example: Public health awareness campaigns are essential if people are to accept
that they have a personal responsibility to look after their own health.
• sedentary lifestyle
Meaning: involving little exercise or physical activity
Example: A sedentary lifestyle is a major factor in health problems such as
obesity and heart disease.
Vocabulary from food and diet:
• to provide somebody with a healthier diet
Meaning: to give somebody a diet which is more healthy than that which they had
before
Example: Eating only fresh fruit and vegetables provides people with a healthier
diet.
• a vegetarian diet
Meaning: a diet with no fish or meat

Example: If everyone in the world followed a vegetarian diet, there would be no
hunger or starvation.
• a vegan diet
Meaning: a diet without any animal products, such as meat, milk or eggs
Example: Many people active in animal rights movements worldwide follow a
vegan diet, because they believe that we should not exploit animals.
• to eat a balanced diet
Meaning: to eat the correct types and amounts of food

Example: The health benefits of eating a balanced diet are obvious.
Vocabulary from sport and exercise:
• to keep fit
Meaning: to stay in good physical condition
Example: A healthy diet and plenty of exercise are essential for people to keep fit.
• to take gentle exercise

Meaning: to do exercise which is not physically demanding or tiring
Example: Even the elderly can keep fit by taking gentle exercise, like jogging or
even a walk in the park.
• to get into shape

Meaning: to become fit
Example: If people have a sedentary lifestyle, they must do regular exercise to get
into shape.
• to work out at the gym

Meaning: to train the body by physical exercise at the gym
Example: As part of a healthy lifestyle, people of all ages should work out at the
gym on a regular basis.

• to campaign for something
Meaning: to take part in a series of activities in order to achieve a specific aim.
Example: People who are concerned about the environment should campaign for
stricter controls on pollution.
• national and local authorities
Meaning: government organizations acting at a national level or within a smaller,

local area
Example: Tackling crime is a responsibility of both national and local

authorities.
• to allocate resources to
Meaning: to make money and materials available to do something
Example: If governments allocate more resources to improving public transport,

this will reduce the problem of traffic congestion in cities.

Other vocabulary:
• to follow suit [expression]:
Meaning: to do the same thing
Example: When one supermarket increases its prices, the others usually follow suit.
• conscious [adjective]:
Meaning: aware of something
Example: John was conscious of his lack of experience, so he was very nervous while he
was learning to drive.
• slogan [noun]:
Meaning: a word or phrase often used in politics or advertising that is short and easy to
remember
Example: During the election campaign, Trump’s slogan was ‘America First’.

Đề thi ngày 23/2/2022 (Trung Quốc)
Task 1. The diagram shows the flooding area of two rivers and possible solutions.

Report Plan:
• Paraphrase paragraph: shows>illustrates; the flooding area>the area which is

flooded; possible>proposed
• Overview/summary paragraph: (1) solution 1 is more expensive (2) solution 2
may damage the environment
• Paragraph 3: report what the top diagram shows – the problem
• Paragraph 4: report the 2 solutions, their advantages and disadvantages.
Report:
The diagram illustrates the area which is flooded by rivers, with two proposed solutions.
Overall, solution 1 is more costly, while solution 2 may result in damage to the
environment.
In the top diagram, a large flooding area is shown near the point where rivers A and B
join. This flooding area affects housing, commercial buildings and an industrial park.
Solution 1 is illustrated in the middle diagram. The same area would still be affected by
floods, but the houses, commercial buildings and the industrial park would all be
relocated.
However, this proposal would be very expensive, although the environment would be
protected.
Finally, the bottom diagram shows solution 2. A dam would be constructed on river A,
creating a reservoir to control the flow of water. Another dam and reservoir is proposed
on river B, on the left of the diagram. There would be no flooding and, although this
might harm the environment, it would be a cheaper solution without the need to relocate
any buildings.
167 words

Task 1. The plan shows the design of a community centre 10 years ago and now.
Fewer young people do farming work in rural areas. Why? Should young people be
encouraged to do farming work?

Report Plan:
• Paraphrase paragraph: plan>diagram; shows>illustrates; design>layout;
now>the present
• Overview/summary paragraph: (1) more offices 10 years ago (2) there is now
a cafe and a coffee bar
• Paragraph 3: report the changes in the west of the plan; report the changes in
the middle of the plan - the cafe, coffee bar and storage areas
• Paragraph 4: report the areas unchanged in the middle and east (hall,
storage, kitchen); report the changes to the offices in the east of the plan
Report:
The diagram illustrates the changes in the layout of a community centre 10 years ago
compared to the present.
Overall, there were more offices in the building ten years ago, and today a cafe and
coffee bar have been added to the facilities.
In the west of the community centre, an indoor sports area has today replaced the garden.
However, the car park next to this area remains unchanged. In the middle of the
diagrams, a coffee bar is now located next to the toilet, replacing the office that was there
ten years ago. Above these, there is now a cafe area. This replaces storage space, and the
office which was in the north of the plan ten years ago has now been divided by half, to
provide a new storage area.
By contrast, some areas remain unchanged – the hall in the middle of the layout and, to
the east of the diagram, the kitchen and storage space next to the kitchen. Finally, ten
years ago, four small offices were located above the storage area in the east of the plan,
and these have been combined into one large office today.
191 words

Task 2. Fewer young people do farming work in rural areas. Why? Should young
people be encouraged to do farming work?
Essay Plan:
• Introduction: refer to the task statement. There are some reasons, but more
young people should be encouraged to do farming work.
• Paragraph 2: one important reason for this trend. Advances in technology –
machines have replaced people in farming; the young are the first to leave the
rural areas.
• Paragraph 3: young people should be encouraged to do farming (1) the new
farming methods result in damage to the environment – more human labour
is necessary for sustainable farming – for example, organic methods. (2) there
is often no work for young people in the cities, and no sense of community to
support them (3) sustainable farming gives a chance for young people to
study and apply agronomy and ecology to make life better for everyone
• Conclusion: technological change explains this trend, but young people are
needed on farms to produce food sustainably
Essay:
It is true that today many fewer people, especially young people, work on the land than in
the past. While some reasons can be put forward to explain this trend, I firmly believe
that it is necessary to attract many more young people into farming.
There is one major reason why fewer young people are now engaged in agriculture.
Advances in technology have completely revolutionised how food is produced. The
traditional methods, which were labour-intensive, have become obsolete . Sophisticated
agricultural machinery has replaced people, in a process which has increased in intensity
over the years. Young people are today rarely seen on farms. Lacking job prospects, they
were among the first to join the mass exodus to the cities.
However, I would argue that more young people are needed in farming today. Firstly,
modern methods of farming are increasing environmental degradation and provoking an
ecological crisis. Farming techniques, for example organic growing, which are
environmentally-friendly are the only sustainable way to produce food, and these
techniques require much more human labour. Secondly, when young people migrate to
cities, they often cannot find work and experience a sense of alienation. They live in a

concrete jungle without a feeling of community that they had in their rural villages.
Finally, to help to alleviate environmental problems in the countryside today, young
people should be encouraged to study agronomy and ecology. Applying their knowledge
to sustainable farming, young people will be mentally stimulated and physically fit.
In conclusion, the use of technology in modern industrialised agriculture puts profit
before people, but more young people in farming will result in the application of
technology to achieve sustainable development. This gives them a vital role in the future
of humanity.
286 words
Vocabulary from technology:
• advances in technology
Meaning: the improvement or development in technology
Example: Recent advances in medical technology are making a great contribution to
the search for a cure for Aids.
• to become obsolete
Meaning: to be no longer used because something new has been invented
Example: Technological innovation is now so rapid, that even the latest electronic
devices soon become obsolete.
Vocabulary from work:

• labour-intensive
Meaning: (of work) needing a lot of people to do it
Example: New technology has replaced the need for workers to do many labour-
intensive jobs, such as producing cars.
• job prospects
Meaning: the chances of being successful and having more opportunities at work
Example: People with qualifications and experience usually have the best job
prospects.
Vocabulary from cities:
• a mass exodus
Meaning: the movement of a lot of people from a place
Example: Recently, there has been a mass exodus of people from to the cities.
• a sense of alienation
Meaning: the feeling that you have no connection with the people around you
Example: Unfortunately, urbanisation also creates a sense of alienation in people.
• a concrete jungle
Meaning: a way to describe a city that is unpleasant because it has many large
modern buildings and few parks, trees or green spaces
Example: Children growing up in a concrete jungle will never experience the
sights and smells of the countryside.
• a feeling of community
Meaning: the feeling of sharing things and belonging to a group in the place where
you live
Example: Cities can be very lonely places, where a feeling of community does
not exist and people do not even know their neighbours.

• environmentally friendly
Meaning: behavior or products that do not harm the environment
Example: We can help to protect the environment by using detergents and cosmetics
that are environmentally friendly.
• to alleviate environmental problems

Meaning: to make bad environmental problems less severe
Example: Everyone can assist in the effort to alleviate environmental problems in
the local community through simple actions such as recycling waste or planting a
tree in their garden.
• to achieve sustainable development
Meaning: economic development that is achieved without depleting natural
resources
Example: Organic methods must be introduced everywhere in order to achieve
sustainable development in agriculture.
Other vocabulary:
• firmly [adverb]:
Meaning: in a strong or definite way
Example: When the boy did not do his homework, his teacher spoke firmly to him
about the importance of homework.
• to revolutionise [verb]:
Meaning: to complete change the way of doing things
Example: New advances in medical science have revolutionised the treatment of
many cancers.
• sophisticated [adjective]:
Meaning: clever and advanced (in the context of machinery)
Example: She upgrades her i-phone each time that a new, more sophisticated
model is on the market.

Task 1. The diagrams show a museum and its surroundings in 1990 and 2010

Report Plan:
• Paraphrase paragraph: diagrams>plans; show>illustrate; a museum>the

layout of a museum; surroundings>the surrounding area
• Overview/summary paragraph: (1) more exhibition rooms in 1990 (2) a cafe
in 2010 replaced a cottage

• Paragraph 3: report on the areas with no change: the gardens, the path, the
main road
• Paragraph 4: report on the changes to the areas to the left and the right of
the path
Report:
The plans illustrate the layout of a museum and the surrounding area in 1990 and 2010.
Overall, there were more exhibition rooms in 1990, and by 2010 a cafe had replaced a
cottage next to the main road.
The garden shown at the top of the diagrams remained unchanged. At the foot of the
plans, the main road was also unchanged, and on both plans a path in the centre
connected the gardens and the main road.
An area to the right of this path was divided between a garden and a car parking space in
1990. However, in 2010 the car park was extended to occupy all this area. By contrast,
there were several changes to the area left of the path. A cafe in 2010 replaced a cottage
and, just below the entrance, the shop was enlarged, taking the place of one of the two
exhibition rooms in 1990. The store room near the entrance was unchanged, but the two
exhibition rooms near the entrance in 1990 were combined into one large exhibition
space in 2010.
178 words
Task 2: In some countries, if people need to find work, they have to move away from
their families and their friends. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
Essay Plan:
• Introduction: refer to task statement. My opinion: disadvantages outweigh

advantages
• Paragraph 2: advantages. Possible to earn a living and have a job. Men can
send money home to families e.g. France – migrants from North Africa.
• Paragraph 3: disadvantages. (1) local prejudice against migrant
workers/families (2) work in the host country may be low-paid, dangerous (3)
consequences for the home country – family and economic life
• Conclusion: disadvantages outweigh the advantages.
Essay:
In some parts of the world, people must sometimes leave their countries, families and
friends in order to seek work. While they obviously have a good reason to make such a
hard decision, I believe that the disadvantages outweigh the advantages.
On the one hand, the great advantage is to be able to earn a living in another country. If
they are unable to find work in their own country, many men join the global migration of
labour. Leaving their families, they become economic migrants, sending money home if
they are able to find work. In France, for example, many migrant workers from North
Africa work in the construction or service industries, in order to support a family in their
native country. If they had not moved to another country and found work, their family
would have remained poverty-stricken and without hope for the future.
On the other hand, there are too many disadvantages if this situation is allowed to
continue. Firstly, local populations are sometimes prejudiced against migrants and their
families, and so they find it difficult to integrate into society. Secondly, they may have to
accept work in the host country that is low-paid and labour-intensive, and a working
environment that is dangerous and unhealthy. Finally, this movement of labour has
consequences for developing countries. It results in the disappearance of traditional ways
of life, the destruction of ties of kinship and close-knit families, while economic activity
is left in the hands of an aging population. The loss of the youngest and most active
members of the community is incompatible with a sustainable future for that county.
In conclusion, although workers and their families may be forced to move abroad in
order to improve their lives, the drawbacks outweigh the benefits.
293 words
Vocabulary from business and money:
• to earn a living
Meaning: to earn money
Example: I used to earn a living as a teacher, but now I sell used cars.

Vocabulary from society:
• the migration of labour
Meaning: the movement of workers from one place to another
Example: The migration of labour from the countryside to the cities is a feature
of modern society.
• economic migrants
Meaning: people who move from their own countries to a new country in order to
find work or to have a better standard of living
Example: As a result of global inequalities of wealth, many economic migrants

have fled to developed countries.
• to be poverty-stricken
Meaning: to be extremely poor, having almost no money
Example: Many non-government organisations work with people who are poverty-
stricken in developing countries.
• to be prejudiced (against/in favour of somebody/something)
Meaning: having an unreasonable dislike of or preference for somebody/something,

especially based on their race, religion, sex, age etc.
Example: Some companies are prejudiced against older applicants during the
interview process.
• to integrate into society
Meaning: to become accepted as a member of a social group, especially when a

person comes from a different culture

Example: Children from minority groups often find it easy to integrate into society
because they attend schools which are multicultural.
Vocabulary from family and children:
• to support a family
Meaning: to have enough money to be able to look after a family
Example: Young people often delay marriage because they do not earn enough
money to support a family.
• ties of kinship
Meaning: the fact of being related in a family, with links of friendship and assistance
to other family members
Example: In the modern world, people are always moving to a new place to live,
and this has weakened traditional ties of kinship.
• a close-knit family
Meaning: a family having strong relationships with each other, helping with
problems and enjoying a lot of time together
Example: Children who come from a close-knit family generally perform well at
school and enjoy a happy childhood.
• labour-intensive
Meaning: (of work) needing a lot of people to do it
Example: New technology has replaced the need for workers to do many labour-
intensive jobs, such as producing cars.
• working environment
Meaning: the conditions that you work in
Example: If work is to be enjoyable, then a friendly working environment is
essential.
Vocabulary from traditional versus modern:
• the disappearance of traditional ways of life

Meaning: the fact that traditional ways no longer exist
Example: The advances in technology that have driven industrialisation in
developed countries have certainly contributed to the disappearance of traditional
ways of life.
• in the hands of an aging population

Meaning: dependent on the elderly
Example: Some traditional crafts which are now in the hands of an ageing
population are at risk of disappearing completely in the next five years.
• to be incompatible with
Meaning: not able to exist or work with another person or thing because of basic
differences
Example: The way of life of indigenous peoples is incompatible with modern
cultures.
Other vocabulary:
• to seek [verb]:
Meaning: to look for something or somebody
Example: The government is seeking volunteers to try the new vaccine.
• a service industry [noun]:

Meaning: a business that provides services for customers
Example: Most of the jobs in my area are service industries, including banks,
hotels and restaurants.

Task 1. Bar charts

Report Plan:

• Paraphrase paragraph: charts>bar charts; give information about>compare;
Internet use>3 different uses of the internet; in Australia>in Australian
homes.
• Overview/summary paragraph: (1) highest % of all home users used the
internet for emailing (2) older age groups used the internet for social
networking than younger age groups
• Paragraph 3: select, compare and report information on the top bar chart (all
age groups of home internet users)
• Paragraph 4: select, compare and report information on the charts for each
of the 3 categories.
Report:
The bar charts compare 3 different uses of the internet in Australian homes from 2010 to
2011.
Overall, the highest percentage of home users used the internet for emailing. The
proportion of those who used the internet for social networking declined among the older
age groups.
Emailing was an activity carried out by around 90% of all home internet users. In
contrast, only around 60% of all home users used the internet for social networking or
for paying bills online and online banking in general.
In terms of emailing, the figure for all age groups was over 80%. Social networking
was the most popular internet use among the 15-24 age group, accounting for about 90%
of home users, compared with 80% and 60% among the 25-34 and 35-44 year-olds
respectively. The figures fell further to just 20% of the 65 or over age group. Although
only 40% of 15-24 year-olds used the internet to pay bills online and for online banking,
the percentage was higher among the other age groups. Almost 80% of the 25-34 age
group used the internet at home for this purpose.
185 words

Task 2.As major cities in the world are growing today, so do their problems.
What are problems for young people who are living in the cities as the result of continued
growth? What are solutions for these problems?
It is argued that a lot of big cities all over the world are developing at present, which
brings about many problems. There are two major problems for young inhabitants and
both of them should be tackled by the authorities.
Raised in the period of city growth, the young have to face up to two main issues. First,
the cities seem to be quite over-populated. If too many people live in a certain city, there
are not enough jobs created for them. As a consequence, some of them become out of
work. Second, the great population means that more and more land is needed to build
houses and other buildings, as we have seen in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. Playing
areas which youngsters really need are rapidly bought up by properly developers.
Therefore, teenagers are more and more dependent on their social networks on the
Internet.
The government should take steps immediately to address these problems. The key to
the first challenge is that the young ought to be fully educated and given more job
opportunities. Because they play a very important role in the workforce, the government
cannot leave them unemployed. Furthermore, city planners had better consider using
more free land for teenagers whenever they decide to build a skyscraper. It is advisable
that youngsters should do sports and other leisure activities with their friends in real life
instead of wasting all day online.
In conclusion, many problems stem from the rapid growth of many major cities in the
world and governments should use their resources to minimize the negative impacts on
young inhabitants in these cities.

Task 1. The graph below shows the percentage of Australian exports to 4 countries
from 1990 to 2012
Report Plan:
• Paraphrase paragraph: shows>compares; percentage>proportion; 4
countries>Japan, the USA, China and India
• Overview/summary paragraph (1) before 2005, highest % of exports to Japan
(2) after 2005, the figures for China overtook those for Japan
• Paragraph 3: report and compare figures for 1990 and 1995
• Paragraph 4: report and compare figures and trends for 2000-2012.
Report:
The line graph compares the proportion of exports from Australia, to Japan, the USA,
China and India between 1990 and 2012.
Overall, it is clear that the largest percentage of exports went to Japan before
2005. However, the proportion of exports to China overtook those to Japan after 2005.
In 1990, exports to Japan accounted for 27% of the total, more than double the figure for
Australian exports to the USA. By contrast, exports to China and India were low, at 2%
and 1%, respectively. While the proportion of exports to Japan fell to 19% and exports to
the USA fell to 9% in 1995, the figure for exports to China and India rose slowly.
There was a gradual decrease in the proportion of exports to Japan, which stood at 18% in
2012. The US export market fluctuated, but the trend after 1995 was downward, finishing
at 7% of total exports at the end of the period. Although exports to India also fluctuated,
these rose overall to 6% in 2012. The most significant change, however, was the growth
in exports to China, overtaking those to Japan, and reaching a peak of 30% in 2012.
(194 words)
Task 2.The population of many cities is growing rapidly.

+) What are effects on people living in these city?
+) What can be done to maintain the quality of life of people?
Essay Plan:
• Introduction: refer to task statement. There are important effects and

measures must be taken.
• Paragraph 2: effects. Problems of infrastructure (1) houses - give examples
(2) schools, hospitals, transport (3) unemployment
• Paragraph 3: what can be done? (1) public construction programmes (2)
restrictions on new migration + investment in rural areas to create jobs and
provide services.
• Conclusion: repeat introduction using different vocabulary.
Essay:
In many parts of the world there is a dramatic increase in city populations. While this
trend has major impacts on those living in rapidly-growing cities, some measures should
be taken to maintain the quality of life of city residents.
The mass exodus in the developing world of people from the countryside to the cities has
had profound effects on the lives of people living in those cities. The urban infrastructure
is inadequate to cope with the rapid rise in population density, affecting the lives of urban
dwellers in various ways. Firstly, the existing housing stock cannot provide
accommodation for everyone, creating problems of homelessness and the growth of
shanty towns across the world, for example in Mumbai, Rio de Janeiro, Cape Town or
Mexico City. People there must endure squalid living conditions. Secondly, as cities
expand too quickly, there are not enough schools, hospitals or transport services. Finally,
not enough work is available to provide jobs for everyone, resulting in unemployment,
poverty and rising crime.
In order to maintain the quality of life of city residents, urgent measures must be
imposed. People must have access to amenities, and this could be done through urban
construction programmes. Jobs would be created building new houses, schools, health
centres, roads and water pipes. To solve the problem of the rapid migration of labour
from rural areas to the cities, governments should introduce restrictions on the numbers
of people flooding into the cities. This could be a stopgap measure while funding was
provided for rural development in terms of jobs, education, housing and health services.
In conclusion, there are serious consequences of rapid urban growth, and action must be
taken to ensure a decent quality of life for people in those cities that are affected.
292 words
• a mass exodus
Example: Recently, there has been a mass exodus of workers from the villages to
the towns.
• urban infrastructure
Meaning: the basic systems and services that are necessary in a city
Example: The influx of immigrants into cities has put a huge strain on the urban
infrastructure.
• to be inadequate to cope with
Meaning: not good enough to deal with a problem
Example: The rapid growth of cities has meant that urban infrastructure, such as
housing, water and waste disposal services have been inadequate to cope with
the demands of an increasing population.
• population density
Meaning: the number of people in a place when compared with the size of the
place
Example: Tokyo is a city which has one of the highest population densities in the
world.
• urban dwellers
Meaning: people who live in a city or a town
Example: The main reason that prevents urban dwellers from building
relationships with their neighbours is fear of strangers.
• the housing stock
Meaning: all the houses available for living in
Example: The inadequate housing stock in most cities has resulted in high rents,
overcrowded living conditions and the growth of slum areas.

• to endure squalid living conditions
Meaning: very dirty and unpleasant conditions in which to live
Example: Newcomers to a city are often forced to endure squalid living
conditions.
• to have access to amenities
Meaning: to be able to access something, such as a swimming pool or shopping
centre, that is intended to make life more pleasant or comfortable for the people in
a city
Example: People living in urban areas have better access to amenities and lead
more comfortable lives.
Vocabulary from housing:

• a shanty town
Meaning: an area in or near a town/city where poor people live in small houses built
of pieces of wood, metal or cardboard
Example: In undeveloped countries, there are often shanty towns on the edge of
prosperous cities.
Vocabulary from society:

• the migration of labour
Meaning: the movement of workers from one place to another
Example: The migration of labour from the countryside to the cities is a feature
of modern society.
• to introduce restrictions on
Meaning: to limit what people can do or what can happen
Example: The government must introduce restrictions on smoking in public

places.
• a stopgap measure

Meaning: a policy or action adopted for a short time until some more
permanent solution is found
Example: Building more prisons will not solve the problem of rising crime rates,
but it is a stopgap measure which the government must take to protect
ordinary citizens.
Other vocabulary:
• profound [adjective]:
Meaning: very great or experienced very strongly
Example: When John became unemployed, this had a profound effect on his life.
• flood into [phrasal verb]:
Meaning: to arrive or go somewhere in large numbers
Example: Large numbers of immigrants flooded into the USA in the 19th and 20th centuries.
• decent [adjective]:
Meaning: of a good enough standard or quality

Example: I would recommend this student. She did work of a decent standard throughout
the school year.

Task 1. Pie charts

Report Plan:
• Paraphrase paragraph: charts>pie charts; show>compare;
percentage>proportion; male and female workers>men and women working;
country A and country B>both countries.
• Overview/summary paragraph: (1) in both countries - % of male and female

working in services was higher than % working in agriculture or industry (2)

a higher % of men and women worked in agriculture in Country A than in
Country B.
• Paragraph 3: select, report and compare figures for male and female workers
in services in both countries
• Paragraph 4: select, report and compare figures for male and female workers
in agriculture and industry in both countries.
Report:
The pie charts compare the proportion of men and women working in three sectors in two
countries.
Overall, the proportion of males and females employed in the service sector was higher
than the percentage working either in industry and agriculture in both countries.
However, a much higher percentage of men and women in Country A worked in
agriculture than in Country B.
The highest percentage of workers in both countries were employed in the service sector.
This figure for men was 56% in Country A and 65% in Country B. The proportion of
females working in services was higher than among men at 88% in Country B, although
in Country A the figure was only 49%.
Only 3% of men in Country B worked in agriculture, whereas the figure in Country A
was almost 10 times higher. While 1% of females in Country B were employed in
agriculture, in Country A this figure was 43%. In contrast, male workers in industry in
Country B totalled 32%, more than double the percentage in Country A, although among
women workers the figures for industry were similar, at 11% and 8% respectively.
189 words.
Task 2. Environmental damage is a problem in most countries. What are the major causes
of environmental damage? Who are responsible for preventing environmental damage?
Essay Plan:

• Introduction: refer to the task question and key words eg. environmental
damage/causes/responsible/preventing
• Paragraph 2: major causes. (1) mineral extraction eg. Russia, USA, Middle
East (2) deforestation eg. lowland tropical rainforests (3) pollution
• Paragraph 3: governments are responsible for prevention. The oceans –

international law; governments must pass and enforce laws to prevent
pollution or harm to the environment. Individuals can exert pressure on
governments to act.
• Conclusion: the causes need to be tackled by governments – they have the

power to prevent more environmental damage.
Essay:
It is true that environmental damage is a worldwide catastrophe . Some major causes can
be easily identified and governments should assume responsibility for taking action to
prevent an ecological crisis.
There are three major causes of environmental damage across the globe. Firstly, the
rising consumption of raw materials has led to an increase in mineral extraction, for
example oil or gas from Russia, the USA and the Middle East countries. Secondly,
deforestation has taken place in many regions of the world, including almost all the
lowland tropical rainforests, resulting in drought and habitat destruction affecting
millions of species. Many creatures are now on the brink of extinction. Finally, the
depletion of natural resources has gone hand-in-hand with polluting activities. The
burning or dumping of toxic waste and of materials that are not bio-degradable has
contaminated the air that we breathe, the food that we eat and the water that we drink.
Government at all levels – local, national and international authorities – must be held
accountable for preventing further environmental degradation. The oceans, for example,
are heavily polluted and international law must be enforced by international bodies before
all marine life is killed. In addition, governments should impose an official ban on all
activities that harm or pollute the environment and allocate resources to schemes such as
tree planting or the creation of local nature reserves and national parks. Individuals can
form pressure groups to campaign for governments to take such action and support
organisations such as Greenpeace or the Worldwide Fund for Nature.
In conclusion, the causes of environmental damage need to be tackled by governments,
who alone have the power to enforce laws to protect our precious environment.
278 words.

• habitat destruction
Meaning: the process that occurs when a natural habitat, like a forest or wetland, is
changed so dramatically by humans that plants and animals which live there no
longer survive.
Example: The elephant population in the world is declining because of habitat
destruction caused by human exploitation of the environment.
• on the brink of extinction

Meaning: an animal or plant which has almost disappeared from the planet
Example: Before the captive breeding program in zoos, the giant panda was on the
brink of extinction.
• to deplete natural resources

Meaning: to reduce the amount of natural resources.
Example: Timber companies must not be allowed to deplete natural resources by
cutting down trees without planting new trees to replace them.
• toxic waste
Meaning: poisonous, unwanted waste produced by factories

Example: Many species of fish are endangered as a result of the toxic waste
dumped by industries into the rivers and the sea.
• to be bio-degradable
Meaning: a substance or chemical that can be changed to a natural harmless state by
the action of bacteria
Example: Most plastics are not biodegradable, and remain as waste products in
the environment for thousands of years.
• to hold sbdy accountable for + noun/gerund

Meaning: to consider someone responsible for something; to blame something on
someone
Example: Companies which discharge chemical waste from their factories into the
sea or into rivers must be held accountable for their actions and be fined heavily.

• national and local authorities
Meaning: government organizations acting at a national level or within a

smaller, local area
Example: Tackling crime is a responsibility of both national and local

authorities.
• international bodies
Meaning: organizations which operate in many countries

Example: National governments ought to give funds to international bodies,
like the Red Cross and the United Nations, to deal with emergency situations.
• to impose an official ban on
Meaning: to say or declare that something is not allowed
Example: Governments ought to impose an official ban on the use of mobile

phones on public transport.
• to allocate resources to
Meaning: to make money and materials available to do something
Example: If governments allocate more resources to improving public

transport, this will reduce the problem of traffic congestion in cities.
• to form a pressure group
Meaning: to organize a group of people who try to influence the government to

achieve the action that they want.
Example: Activists in my country have formed a pressure group to persuade

the government to close nuclear power stations.
• to campaign for something
Meaning: to take part in a series of activities in order to achieve a specific aim.

Example: People who are concerned about the environment should campaign
for stricter controls on pollution.
Other vocabulary:
• catastrophe [noun]:
Meaning: an event or series of events that causes many people to suffer.
Example: War is always a catastrophe. Many people are killed, wounded or lose their
homes.
• go hand-in-hand with [expression]:
Meaning: to be closely connected with, and one thing may be the cause of the other
Example: Unemployment often goes hand-in-hand with poverty and crime.
• dumping [noun]:
Meaning: the act of leaving something that you don’t want in a place that is not suitable,
especially dangerous things like chemicals
Example: Dumping toxic waste in the oceans is banned by international law.
• contaminate [verb]:
Meaning: to make a substance or a place dirty by adding something that is harmful
Example: The river was contaminated with waste from the factory, and all the fish in the
river died.

Task 1. The chart shows the depth of snow in a particular ski resort
Report Plan:
• Paraphrase paragraph: chart>bar chart; shows>compares; + average

monthly; a particular ski resort in Canada>in one Canadian ski resort;
individual >selected
• Overview/summary paragraph: (1) the depth of snow was greatest from
February to April (2) the greatest fluctuation in the figures was in Year Two
• Paragraph 3: report, select and compare figures and trends for Year One and
Year Three
• Paragraph 4: select, report and contrast figures and trends for Year Two –
greater fluctuations.
Report:
The bar chart compares the average monthly depth of snow in one Canadian ski resort in
three selected years.

Overall, it is clear that in all three years the snow depth was greatest from February to
April, while the fluctuation in snow depths was greatest in Year Two.
In Year One, the snow was 100cm deep in November, and this figure increased steadily
to 150 cm in January. It then rose sharply to 440cm in February and 450cm in March,
before a slight fall to 400 cm in April. There was a similar trend in snow depth
recordings in Year Three. In November, the snow was about 100 cm deep, increasing to
180cm in January and then rising steeply to 350 cm deep in February and March. In
April, the depth decreased to 300cm.
In contrast, in Year Two the depth of snow fluctuated between 80cm and 120 cm
between November and January. There was then a dramatic increase to 400 cm in
February and March, reaching a peak of 470 cm in April.
174 words.
Task 2 : Crimes committed by young people are increasing in major cities throughout the
world. Discuss the causes and how to solve this problem.
Essay Plan:
• Introduction: refer to the task statement. State that some causes can be
identified, but some solutions should be adopted.
• Paragraph 2: causes. (1) youth face unemployment and poverty – their only
hope is to make money through crime (2) there is no feeling of community in
big cities, so it is easy to turn to crime.
• Paragraph 3: solutions. (1) provide good jobs for young people on
programmes to improve the city environment (2) provide urban facilities for
young people eg sports centres and funding for educational opportunities.
• Conclusion: some causes can be identified and measures should be taken to
deal with these problems.
Essay:
It is true that youth crime is a growing problem in great cities across the world. While
it is possible to identify some of the causes, some measures could be taken to deal with
this worrying trend.
I would argue that there are two significant reasons why young people in major cities are
increasingly involved in committing crime. Firstly, in the mass exodus of people from
the countryside to the cities, it is often the youth who feel the greatest sense of alienation.
They arrive with high hopes of finding a good job, earning a lot of money and buying all
those consumer goods which are advertised everywhere. They are soon disillusioned
with the reality of city life – unemployment and poverty - so that the only escape is by
resorting to crime. Secondly, the social bonds which exist in rural communities are
broken in big cities like New York, Tokyo or Rio de Janeiro. There, in these concrete
jungles, there is no feeling of community, and the youth easily turn to crime and drugs.
There are solutions, however, to reintegrate young people back into the community. One
measure is to provide the youth with well-paid jobs improving the urban infrastructure.
The money saved on fighting crime, such as drug trafficking should be spent on urban
renewal schemes. Another solution is to provide urban facilities for young people, for
example sports centres, music studios and funding for city youth to make a fresh start
through educational opportunities. Less neglect will result in less crime.
In conclusion, some causes of rising crime rates among young people in major cities can
be identified, but some solutions could be applied.
275 words.

• a mass exodus
Example: Recently, there has been a mass exodus of workers from the villages to
the towns.
• a sense of alienation
Meaning: the feeling that you have no connection with the people around you
Example: Unfortunately, urbanisation also creates a sense of alienation in people.
• to be disillusioned with
Meaning: to be disappointed, because you expected something to be good
Example: Migrants are sometimes disillusioned with their experience of the city
when they are unable to enjoy a better life there.
• social bonds
Meaning: a close connection joining two or more people in society
Example: The family and social bonds in villages are broken when people move
to a city.
• a concrete jungle
Meaning: a way to describe a city that is unpleasant because it has many large
modern buildings and few parks, trees or green spaces
Example: Children growing up in a concrete jungle will never experience the
sights and smells of the countryside.
• a feeling of community
Meaning: the feeling of sharing things and belonging to a group in the place where
you live
Example: Cities can be very lonely places, where a feeling of community does
not exist and people do not even know their neighbours.
• urban infrastructure
Meaning: the basic systems and services that are necessary in a city
Example: The influx of immigrants into cities has put a huge strain on the urban
infrastructure.
• urban renewal schemes
Meaning: plans to improve the buildings and amenities in city centres
Example: In order to improve life in derelict inner city areas, the authorities should
adopt urban renewal schemes to restore prosperity and bring hope to those who
live there.
Vocabulary from crime:
• to turn to crime/ drugs
Meaning: To start committing crimes or using drugs.
Example: During periods of high youth unemployment, some youngsters turn to
crime to obtain money.
• to reintegrate back into society/ community

Meaning: to restore someone through education or therapy
Example: There is an increasing focus among policy-makers and practitioners on
identifying programs and strategies that will help prisoners successfully reintegrate
back into their communities without re-offending.
• drug trafficking
Meaning: importing and selling illegal drugs
Example: Some people argue that legalising drugs would put an end to the evil of
drug trafficking and the violence associated with it.
• to make a fresh start

Meaning: to try something new after making mistakes in one’s life
Example: I believe that people should have the opportunity to make a fresh start
after they are released from prison.
Other vocabulary:
• worrying [adjective]:
Meaning: something that makes you worry
Example: The rise in the consumption of alcohol is a worrying problem for the
health services.
• reality [noun]:
Meaning: the true situations and problems in life, in contrast to what we might
imagine or dream to be true
Example: The reality is that I have no money to pay the rent, and I will soon be
homeless.
• to resort to [phrasal verb]:

Meaning: to make use of something, when there is no other possible solution, in
order to achieve an objective
Example: In order to stay alive, the group of explorers resorted to eating insects
and snakes.
• neglect [noun]:
Meaning: the fact of not giving enough care or attention to somebody or
something
Example: After many years of neglect, the building finally fell to the ground.

Task 1. The diagram illustrates how cocoa beans are processed.
Task 1:
Report Plan:

• Paraphrase paragraph: shows>illustrates; processing cocoa beans>how cocoa
beans are processed
• Overview/summary paragraph: (1) the number of steps (2) how the process
begins and ends
• Paragraph 3: report the process in step 1. Report the pressing and further
pressing, and production of cocoa cake for grinding in step 2 > cocoa powder
in step 3. Also, production of cocoa in step 2 > industry step 3
• Paragraph 4: refining of cocoa liquor in step 2 > industrial chocolate (cocoa
and sugar added) > finished chocolate product in step 3.
Report:
The diagram illustrates how cocoa beans are processed.
Overall, there are three major steps in this process, beginning with picking the beans and
ending with the supply of various products to the consumer.
Initially, in step 1, the whole beans are picked, then the shells are removed before the
beans are dried. The dried beans are pressed, producing cocoa liquor. Some of this is
pressed again to produce cocoa cake, which is ground to make cocoa powder for sale to
industry and then to the consumer in step 3. However, another product of the further
pressing is cocoa, used by industry to make cakes and drinks.
Part of this cocoa liquor is not pressed further, but is refined in step 2. Next, sugar is
added to some of the pressed cocoa to make industrial chocolate. This needs to undergo
further processing to produce finished chocolate products. Finally, in step 3, these
finished products are ready to be sold to the consumer.
161 words
Task 2. Nowadays people depend on technology for leisure activities. Is this a positive or
negative development?
Essay:
It is true that many people now spend much of their leisure time using the latest
technological devices. While this trend has both negative and positive aspects, I believe
that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.

On the one hand, there are two major drawbacks of spending free time using the latest
technological devices. Firstly, taking regular exercise is necessary for people of all ages.
In many parts of the developed world people are leading an increasingly sedentary
lifestyle, which is detrimental to their health. Secondly, those who are addicted to
keeping their eyes glued to a screen for hours on end will not only be prone to obesity,
but they are also more likely to damage their eyesight. For these reasons, it is unwise for
people to become over-reliant on technology when deciding how to allocate their leisure
time.
On the other hand, I would argue that the positive aspects of spending some free time
taking advantage of the advances in technology are more significant than the
disadvantages. These advances encourage people to study using the Internet, and I
believe that broadening knowledge in this way is a very rewarding use of leisure time.
My young nephew, for example, spends hours on the Internet learning about dinosaurs.
Another positive aspect is that, through social networking sites, there are countless
opportunities to communicate with people who have the same interests. Although it is
argued that this may discourage real interaction, it is beneficial if people are able to
develop a wide circle of virtual friends.
In conclusion, I consider that reliance on technology to fill leisure time has, on balance,
more positive than negative aspects.

Task 1. The table shows the average salaries in US dollars in five countries at different
stages until achieving the maximum salary.
Report Plan:

• Paraphrase paragraph: shows>compares; different stages>when starting
work, after 15 years and maximum salaries
• Overview/summary paragraph (1) highest salaries – Luxembourg (2) Japan –
highest number of years to achieve the maximum salary
• Select, report and compare data of salaries when starting and after 15 years
• Select, report and compare data of maximum salaries and the number of
years to reach maximum salaries
Report:
The table compares five countries in terms of the average salaries, in US dollars, when
starting work, after 15 years and maximum salaries.
Overall, it is clear that the highest salaries were earned in Luxembourg, while the
maximum salary in Japan was only achieved after 37 years on average.
Starting salaries in Luxembourg averaged $80,000, rising to $119,000 after 15 years. The
next highest starting salary was in Denmark at $45,000, however this rose only modestly
to $54,000 after 15 years. The starting salaries in Japan, Korea and Australia were
significantly lower, increasing after 15 years to $65,000 in Japan and $48,000 in both
Korea and Australia.
In Australia and Denmark, the maximum salary was reached after only 9 and 8 years
respectively. In contrast, the maximum in Japan of $86,000 was achieved after 37
years, whilst the maximum salary in Korea of $62,000 was only reached after 34 years,
less than half the maximum of $132,000 in Luxembourg, achieved after 30 years.
Đề thi ngày 4/8/2022 (trung quốc)

Task 1. The diagram compares the skeletons of two ancestors from which the human
species is descended today.

163 words
Report Plan:
• Paraphrase paragraph: shows>compares; skeletal systems>skeletons;
modern human beings>human species today
• Overview/summary paragraph: (1) compares the waists of the skeletons (2)
compare the hip, knee and ankle joints
• Paragraph 3: select and report differences in the head, chest and waist of the
two skeletons
• Paragraph 4: select and report differences in the arms, legs and feet of the
skeletons. Relate these to the different lifestyles.
Report:
The diagram compares the skeletons of two ancestors from which the human species is
descended today.
Overall, two prominent differences may be noted: the skeleton on the right has a tall,
narrow waist and larger hip, knee and ankle joints when compared with the skeleton on
the left.
The head of Australopithecus is unbalanced with a short snout, while that of Homo
erectus is balanced and has a longer snout. The chest and waist of Homo erectus are
taller and narrower than Australopithecus.
The arms and legs of the skeletons are very different. Australopithecus, a tree climber,
has longer forearms than Homo erectus. Both species were capable of walking, though
the Homo erectus skeleton illustrates that this species was able to run long distances. It
has low, wide shoulders and large joints for the knee, hips and ankles. The feet of Homo
erectus are also better adapted for walking and running, with an enlarged heelbone, a
stabilized foot arch and short toes. In contrast, Australopithecus has a small heelbone, a
partial foot arch and long toes.
176 words.

Task 1. The diagram shows the different stages in the production of woollen goods

Report Plan:
• Paraphrase paragraph: diagram>chart; shows>illustrates;

different>various; stages>steps; production>making; goods>products
• Overview/summary paragraph: (1) the number of stages – 10 main stages (2)
mention the first and last stages
• Paragraph 3: report on stage 1 (the sheep) to stage 6 (wool is manufactured)
• Paragraph 4: report on stage 7 (tufts of wool) to stage 10 (the final products)
Report:

The chart illustrates the various steps in the process of making woollen products.
Overall, there are 10 principal stages in this process, beginning with the rearing of sheep
and ending with the finished goods.
Firstly, sheep are reared, until they have enough wool on their bodies for the next step –
removing the wool, known as shearing. At the third and fourth stages, this wool is
cleaned and dried. It is then ready for spinning by machine, after which the wool is
almost ready to be made into different products. At this spinning stage, however, some of
the product can be used to make string and may be recycled.
From the wool produced at the sixth stage, tufts of wool are manufactured and then
stored. Next, the tufted wool is used for spinning into balls of yarn. Finally, these balls
of yarn may be used for knitting or for making into woollen goods, such as jackets or
carpets.
157 words
Task 2.There are several factors that motivate people to stay in the workforce, and money
is the most important factor. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Essay Plan:
• Introduction: various factors. Agree that the main factor is not money
• Paragraph 2: money is a motivation for people to remain in the workforce –
support themselves/their families; some want a career with a high salary.
Some employers offer more money to retain employees e.g sales targets
• Paragraph 3: other factors (1) job satisfaction – e.g. outdoor work may be
more satisfying than a well-paid job that you don’t like. (2) contributing to
the community e.g. Mr Kurt in Vietnam.
• Conclusion: there are various factors, but money is not the main motivation
for remaining in the workforce.
Essay:

There are various reasons why people may want to remain in paid work. While I accept
that money is an important factor for some, I believe that others remain in the workforce
for other reasons
On the one hand, there are some reasons why money is one of the motivations for
people to remain in the workforce. One reason is that some simply wish to have an
acceptable standard of living, and they need this living wage to support themselves or
their families. Thus, even if their salary is low, they could not survive without it.
Another reason is that others want to pursue a successful career in order to earn a high
salary. For example, employers may offer a pay rise to an ambitious employee who is
able to achieve a company sales target. Therefore, money is a major factor in inducing
both modest people as well as high-flyers to stay in work.
On the other hand, for the majority of employees, there are other factors which motivate
them more strongly to stay in work. Firstly, many people value factors such as job
satisfaction as more important than their salary. If a person adores the outdoor life, he or
she will not be happy being a stockbroker or a financier, no matter that the salaries for
both those jobs are extremely high. Secondly, contributing to the community is another
reason to value a job. For instance, Mr Kurt, who has lived in Vietnam for about 20
years, has constructed 6 schools and other facilities for disabled children. He left his job
with the Danish Embassy to bring about changes to the lives of youngsters.
In conclusion, I agree that money can be an important factor for employees to stay in the
workforce, but this is by no means the key consideration for most people.
284 words

• job satisfaction
Meaning: the good feeling that you get when you have a job that you enjoy
Example: A high salary is not necessarily the most important factor in job
satisfaction.
• to pursue a successful career

Meaning: to have a series of jobs in a particular area of work, with more
responsibility as time passes
Example: While many people wish to pursue a successful career, for others it is
more important to find work which is interesting and enjoyable.

Other vocabulary:
• to concede [verb]:
Meaning: to admit, often unwillingly, that something is true or logical
Example: The President conceded that he had given inaccurate information to the
newspapers.
• high-flyer [noun]:
Meaning: a person who has the potential to be very successful in their career
Example: John is a high-flyer and he became a company manager after only five
years.
• stockbroker [noun]:
Meaning: a person who buys and sells shares in companies for other people
Example: I sent money to a stockbroker to invest in shares in an oil company.
• to bring about [phrasal verb]:

Meaning: to cause something to happen
Example: The hot weather has brought about large forest fires this summer.

Task 1.The diagrams show the structure of a solar panel and its use.

Report Plan:
• Paraphrase paragraph: show>illustrate; the structure of a solar panel > how

a solar panel is structured
• Overview/summary paragraph: (1) basic parts (2) production of warm air or
water
• Paragraph 3: report on the parts shown in the top diagram
• Paragraph 4: report on the use of these parts to produce warm air/warm
water in the two lower diagrams.
Report:
The diagrams illustrate how a solar panel is structured and how it is used.
Overall, the diagrams show the basic parts of a solar panel, through to the lower
diagrams which illustrate how this panel functions to produce warm air or water.
Firstly, the top diagram illustrates the structural component parts of a simple solar panel.
These parts are a sheet of transparent glass, which fits over the panel, an inlet pipe and an
outlet pipe on the opposite side.
The second diagram, on the left, shows how the sun’s rays pass through the transparent
glass, warming the air which enters the panel through the inlet pipe. The heated air then
passes out of the panel through the outlet pipe. The final diagram shows how this same
system functions to produce warm water. Water enters the solar panel through an inlet
pipe, which then forms an ‘S’- shaped pipe in the panel itself. The water in this pipe is
heated by the sun’s rays and exits the panel through the outlet.
171 words

Task 2. Today, children and teenagers are committing more crimes.
Why is this case?
How should they be punished ?
Essay Plan:
• Introduction: refer to the question statement. Refer to the reasons and to
forms of punishment.
• Paragraph 2: reasons (1) spread of drugs among youth, often leading to other
crimes e.g. stealing (2) marketing of expensive products, targeting youth who
may steal to possess these items e.g. i-Phones
• Paragraph 3: punishments (1) probation, with parental involvement (2) youth
detention centres and talks by ex-offenders
• Conclusion:
Essay:
It is true that in contemporary society, the crime rate among youngsters and adolescents
is increasing. Some factors should be taken into account to explain why this is
happening, and appropriate forms of punishment should be adopted that will tackle these
factors.
The growth of a global drug culture and consumer pressures might both help to explain
this rising crime rate among these younger age groups. Firstly, drug dealers are
targeting schools and night clubs. Young people who take drugs develop a pattern of
behaviour in their formative years which often involves stealing in order to buy drugs.
Secondly, through commercial advertising companies irresponsibly seek to promote their
products to a target audience which includes children and teenagers. For example, an
expensive new i-Phone will be marketed as a must-have item for youngsters, who may
turn to crime or drug trafficking in order to have what they desire.
In terms of punishment, these causes of rising youth crime should be tackled through
probation and also detention centres. One measure would be to put young offenders on
probation. Probation officers would work with young people and their parents to help
these youngsters to make a fresh start. Parental involvement is essential if, for instance,
their teenage children are taking drugs or stealing from shops. Another measure might
be to arrange for ex-offenders to give talks in special youth detention centres, to deter

young people from taking the same path which will end in imprisonment and possibly a
life of crime. These centres should combine confinement with study, apprenticeship
schemes and sporting facilities to give such youngsters a second chance.
In conclusion, although some reasons for the growth in youth crime can be identified,
some steps can be taken to deal with the causes.
292 words.
Vocabulary from family and children:
• patterns of behaviour
Meaning: ways of acting and doing things (either positive or negative)
Example: Patterns of behaviour copied from parents often influence the way that
children grow up.
• formative years
Meaning: A period of a person’s life, usually childhood, that has a big influence on
the person they become later in life
Example: UNICEF states that the early childhood years from birth through age 8
are formative years in terms of intelligence, personality and social behaviour.
• parental involvement
Meaning: the act or process of parents when taking part in their children’s activities.
Example: Parental involvement allows parents to monitor school and classroom
activities, and to coordinate their efforts with teachers to encourage acceptable
classroom behaviour and ensure that the child completes schoolwork.
Vocabulary from media and advertising:
• commercial advertising
Meaning: advertising on the radio or television, between or during programmes.

Example: Commercial advertising on television provides the revenue for most TV
channels.
• to promote their products

Meaning: to make products popular by advertising them
Example: Most large enterprises contract specialist marketing companies to
promote their products.
• target audience
Meaning: consumers whom businesses aim at when selling their products
Example: Companies which sell soft drinks, like Coca Cola, aim mainly at a
target audience of children and adolescents.
Vocabulary from crime:
• to turn to crime/ drugs

Meaning: To start committing crimes or using drugs.
Example: During periods of high youth unemployment, some youngsters
turn to crime to obtain money.
• drug trafficking
Meaning: importing and selling illegal drugs
Example: Some people argue that legalising drugs would put an end to the
evil of drug trafficking and the violence associated with it.
• to put on probation
Meaning: to make a convicted person see an official at regular intervals to
check on their good behavior, as an alternative to going to prison
Example: The young offender was put on probation, as his crime was not
serious enough to send him to prison.
• to make a fresh start

Meaning: to try something new after making mistakes in one’s life
Example: I believe that people should have the opportunity to make a fresh
start after they are released from prison.

Other vocabulary:
• appropriate [adjective}:
Meaning: suitable for a particular situation
Example: The man wore appropriate clothes for the business meeting – a
dark suit, white shirt and a tie.
• to tackle [verb]:
Meaning: to make a big effort to deal with a problem or situation
Example: The hospital is trying to tackle the shortage of doctors by
recruiting doctors from overseas.
• apprenticeship [noun]:
Meaning: a period of time in which a young person trains to learn the skills
to do a specific job
Example: John is in the third year of his apprenticeship as an electrician.

Task 1: The bar chart shows the proportion of people aged over 65 years old in Germany,
Canada, and the UK over a period of 50 years.

Report Plan:
• Paraphrase paragraph: shows>illustrates; proportion>percentage; Germany,
Canada and the UK>three countries; a 50-year period> in 1980, 2000 and the
projected percentage in 2030.
• Overview/summary paragraph: (1) Germany has the highest % (2) Germany
is expected to have the highest % in 2030
• Paragraph 3: report the figures for the years 1980 and 2000. Compare the
percentages and trends.
• Paragraph 4: report the predicted figures for 2030. Compare the % for the
three countries and note projected changes.
Report:
The chart illustrates the percentage of people in three countries aged 65 and above in
1980, 2000 and the projected percentage in 2030.
Overall, Germany has the highest percentage of people in this age group, and this figure
is expected to continue to be the highest in 2030.
In 1980, 15% of the population in Germany were aged 65 and over, compared with 14%
in the UK and just 10% in Canada. By 2000, all these figures had increased, however
Germany still had the highest proportion of people aged 65 and above, at 20% of the total
population. Canada and the UK now both had the same figure of 15%.
The percentage of the population aged 65 and over is anticipated to increase in all three
countries by 2030. However, Canada is predicted to have a figure of 22%, which is
significantly higher than the figure of 19% for the UK. Germany is projected to remain
the country with the highest proportion of its population aged 65 and above, with one-
quarter of its total population in this age group.
179 words
Task 2. Some people believe that studying at university or college is the best route to a
successful career, while others believe that it is better to get a job straight after school.
Discuss both views and give your opinion
It is true that graduating from high school, the young often wonder whether they ought to
keep on studying further or not. While many people suppose that continuing to study at
university orcollege can be the best way to guarantee their successful career, I would argue
that working right after school is much better.

On the one hand, there are a variety of reasons why people have a tendency of choosing to
continue education after high school. First, a college education will provide young people
with more qualifications, which is what most employers expect these days. University
graduates will probably get a much higher salary than those without university education.
Furthermore, the job market is becoming more and more competitive. In fact, people would
be mwell-advised to get a degree, as hundreds of applicants often chase the top jobs. It is
an obvious advantage for university graduates. For example, graduate engineers in Vietnam
are highly paid and find it easy to get a top job
On the other hand, I believe that working straight after graduation is beneficial in some
ways. Firstly, young people are able to earn money as soon as possible. If they finish high
school, they will be mature enough to live independently on their own income. It is
common sense that having a job can prove one’s maturity. Secondly, a person who chooses
to get a job instead of studying higher is likely to progress rapidly in their career. This may
bring about a good chance to obtain a lot of real experience and skills for their chosen
profession.
In conclusion, although both working right after school and choosing to continue higher
study are advantageous in their own ways, it seems to me that it is better to get a job
straight after school


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• Paraphrase paragraph: shows>illustrates; components>various parts; how it

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Link làm test Online trực tuyến:

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• Paraphrase paragraph: shows>illustrates; the structure of a home smokery

The diagram illustrates how a home smokery is operated and structured.

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Task 1: map của 1 medical centre 2008 và 2010

The diagrams show changes to a medical centre from 2008 to 2010.

• Paraphrase paragraph: diagrams>plans; show>illustrate; changes>the

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Task 2. An increase in the production of consumer goods results in damage to the

Vocabulary from the environment:

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• to cut down on emissions

• to reduce the dependence/reliance on fossil fuels

• to deplete natural resources

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Vocabulary from technology:

Vocabulary from government:

• to provide funding for

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Đề thi ngày 07/02/2022

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• Paraphrase paragraph: diagrams>plans; show>illustrate; the floor

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• Paraphrase paragraph: picture>plans: show>illustrate; differences in the

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Task 2. 2 part questions

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In conclusion, education has played an important role in encouraging people to exercise

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• healthy eating habits

• to take regular exercise

• health awareness campaigns

Vocabulary from food and diet:

• to provide somebody with a healthier diet

Meaning: a diet with no fish or meat

• to eat a balanced diet

Meaning: to eat the correct types and amounts of food

Vocabulary from sport and exercise:

• to take gentle exercise

• to get into shape

• to work out at the gym

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• to campaign for something

Meaning: to take part in a series of activities in order to achieve a specific aim.

• national and local authorities

Meaning: government organizations acting at a national level or within a smaller,

Example: Tackling crime is a responsibility of both national and local