CLASS TEST 2

Optical Communication
21st October, 2021
Max. Marks: 25
Duration: 50 minutes

1. Explain the origin of waveguide dispersion in an optical fiber (without any

mathematical equations) by referring to the b-V graph. Show the graphical
behavior of material dispersion, waveguide dispersion and inter-modal
dispersion with respect to wavelength in a single graph. [5]

2. A 10 km optical link consists of multimode fiber with a core refractive index

of 1.5 and a relative refractive index difference of 2%. Estimate the delay
difference between the slowest and fastest modes at the fiber output and the
maximum bit rate supported for (a) a step-index fiber and (b) a graded index
fiber with a profile parameter of 2. [5]

3. Consider an LED with the radiative and nonradiative recombination lifetimes

of the minority carriers in the active region of a double-heterojunction LED as
50 ns and 100 ns respectively. (a) Determine the total carrier recombination
lifetime and (b) the peak emission wavelength if the power internally generated
within the device is 40mW at a drive current of 40 mA. [5]

4. Why does material dispersion happen? Consider 3 fibers with their core
refractive index profiles given below:

Comment on the broadening/shrinking due to material dispersion that will be

present in these fibers (stating clearly the reasons for your comments) [5]

5. Explain how macro-bending causes losses in a fiber. Give appropriate

diagrams and/or equations.

OR

5. What are Graded Index Fibers and why are they used in optical
communication? Explain with the help of a diagram. [5]