8

Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 8
Systems of Linear Equations in Two Variables
Mathematics – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 8: Systems of Linear Equations in Two Variables

First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Angelito M. Bulala, MAED - MATH

Ethel B. Canda, MAT - MATH
Editors: Julius J. Igot, EdD.
Kenneth Regene B. Blasco, MAEM
Management Team: Bianito A. Dagatan EdD, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent

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Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

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EPS, Mathematics

Josephine D. Eronico PhD

EPS, LRMDS

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Learning Competency: 1. Illustrates and graphs a system of linear equations in two variables
(M8AL-Ih-1);
2. Categorizes when a given system of linear equations in two variables having
graphs that are parallel, intersecting, and coinciding (M8AL-Ih-3); and
3. Solves a system of linear equations in two variables by (a) graphing; (b)
substitution; (c) elimination (M8AL-Ii-j-1).

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

⮚ illustrate and graphs a system of linear equations in two variables;

⮚ categorize when a given system of linear equations in two variables having
graphs that are parallel, intersecting, and coinciding; and
⮚ solve a system of linear equations in two variables by (a) graphing; (b)
substitution; and (c) elimination.

Lesson 1: Illustrates and graphs a System of Linear Equations in Two

Variables

What it is
Equations like x – y = 7 and 2x + y = 8 are called simultaneous linear equations or a
system of linear equations. System of linear equations are consists of two or more linear equations. The
solution of such equations is an ordered pair of numbers that satisfies both equations.
The solution set of a system of linear equations in two variables is the set of all ordered pairs
of real numbers that makes every equation in the system true. The solution of a system of linear equations
can be determined algebraically or graphically. To find the solution graphically, graph both equations on
a Cartesian plane then find the point of intersection of the graphs, if it exists. The solution to a system of
linear equations corresponds to the coordinates of the points of intersection of the graphs of the equations.
A system of linear equations has:
a. only one solution if their graphs intersect;
b. no solution if their graphs do not intersect; and
c. infinitely many solutions if their graphs coincide

Example: Illustrate systems of linear equations.

In graphing system of linear equations, two points are needed to make a line. Thus, we need
to assign value(s) for one variable and solve for the other in order to have a coordinates to be plotted on
the Cartesian plane.
STEPS IN GRAPHING LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES
Step 1. We need two points in each equation given. Assign any value for x and solve for y.
Step 2. After getting the ordered pairs, plot the points obtained in each equation and connect the
points and so with the second equation. Graph both equations in one Cartesian plane.
Step 3. Label your graph representing each of the equation in the given system of linear equations.

Examples:
1.) Graph the system 2x + y = 7 and -x + y = 1
Solution: Assign any value for x and solve for y

Therefore, the graphs of 2x + y = 7

and -x + y = 1 intersect at (2,3).

2.) Graph the given system 3x + y = 4 and 3x + y = 10

Solution: Assign any value for x and solve for y

Therefore, the graphs of 3x + y = 4 and 3x + y = 10 are parallel.

3.) Graph the system x – 2y = -5 and 2x – 4y = -10

Solution: Assign any value for x and solve for y

Therefore, the graphs of x – 2y = -5 and 2x – 4y = -10 coincide.

There are three kinds of systems of linear equations in two variables according to the
number of solutions. These are:
1. System of consistent and dependent equations
This is a system of linear equations having infinitely many solutions if the two equations have the
same graph/coincide. The slopes of the lines defined by the equations are equal, and their y-
intercepts are also equal.
2. System of consistent and independent equations
This is a system of linear equations having exactly one solution. If the two lines intersect at one
point, the solution is the ordered pair corresponding to that common point. The slopes of the lines
defined by the equations are not equal; their y-intercepts could be equal or unequal; and their
graphs intersect.
3. System of inconsistent equations
This is a system of linear equations having no solution if the two lines are parallel The slopes of
the lines defined by the equations are equal or have no slopes, their y-intercepts are not equal; and
their graphs are parallel.

In the previous lesson, recall the steps in graphing systems of linear equations. To identify to
what kind of system and to find solution of systems of linear equations it can be determined both
algebraically and graphically.

Examples:
1.) Graph the given system x – y = 5 and
2x – 2y =10
The graphs of the system are the same and it is coinciding.
Therefore, it is system of consistent and dependent equations.

2.) Consider the system 2x + y = 7 and -x + y = 1

The graphs of the system are intersecting at one point.

Therefore, it is system of consistent and independent equations.

3.) Given the system of linear equations 3x + y = 4 and

3x + y = 10

The graphs of the system are parallel and no point in common.

Therefore, it is system of inconsistent equations.

What’s More

Exercise A. Illustrate systems of linear equations given the following characteristics.

1.) coinciding lines
2.) intersecting at one point
3.) no solution
4.) same slope and same x – and y- intercepts
5.) same slope and different x- and –y intercept

B. Graph the following systems of equations. Determine the number of solutions as: one
solution, no solution, or an infinite number of solutions
1.) y + x = 3 and x− y =−1
2.) 6x + 4y = 2 and 3x + 2y = 1

Lesson 2: Categorizes when a given system of linear equations in twovariables

having graphs that are parallel, intersecting, and coinciding

What is it
A pair of equations of the form
ax + by = c ( a, b not both 0)
dx + ey = f ( d, e not both 0) is called a system of equations in two variables
Any system of linear equation in the standard form: ax + by = c or dx + ey = f
a b
∙ having graph with intersecting line if ≠
d e

a b c
∙ having graph with parallel line if = ≠
d e f

a b c
∙ having graph with coinciding line if = =
d e f
 What’s More

Exercises: Categorize the following system of linear equations as: parallel, intersecting and
coinciding graph.
1.) x - 2y = 3 2.) x - 2y = 3
12x + 8y = 24 2x + 3y = 4

Lesson 3: Solves a system of linear equations in

two variables by (a) graphing; and
(b) substitution; and elimination

What is it

Systems of linear equations in two variables can be solved using graphical method. To
find the solution graphically, graph both equations in a Cartesian coordinate plane then find the point of
intersection of the graphs, if it exists. The solution to a system of linear equations corresponds to the
coordinates of the points of intersection of the graphs of the equations. In using graphical method, it
requires accuracy in plotting and a correct calibration of units in order.
Example: Solve the systems of linear equations (1) 2x+y=7 and (2) –x + y=1 by graphing.

STEPS IN GRAPHICAL METHOD

Step1: Assign x value to each equation and solve for y.

 We rarely use the graphical method because graphing equations is time-consuming and
more important, graphic results are not always precise. Because of these limitations, solutions to systems
of linear equations are usually sought by algebraic methods. One of these is the substitution method.

STEPS IN SOLVING SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS BY SUBSTITUTION METHOD

Step 1: Solve for a variable in either equation. (If possible, solve for a variable with a numerical
coefficient of 1 to avoid working with fractions.)

Step 2: Substitute the expression found for the variable in step 1 in the other equation.
Step 3: Substitute the equation determined in step 2 to find the value of one variable.
Step 4: Substitute the value found in step 2 and 3 for checking.
Illustrative Example:
1.) Solve the systems of linear equations: (1) x + y = 7 (2) 3x + 2y = 17 by using the
substitution method.
Solution:
Step1. Solve the first equation in terms of x.

Step2. Substitute x = 7 – y in the

second equation, and solve for y .

Step3. Substitute y = 4
in the (1) equation, and solve for x.

Step4. Check x = 3 and y = 4

in both given equations.
 Another method in solving systems of linear equations in two variables is elimination
method. In elimination method, you will decide what variable is to be eliminated or cancelled out either x
or y.
STEPS IN THE ELIMINATION METHOD
Step 1: Write both equations in standard form, ax + by = c.
Step 2: Choose and decide which variable you want to eliminate.
Step 3: Obtain an equivalent system where the coefficient of the variable you want to eliminate are
additive inverses. If necessary, multiply one or both equations in the system by a non-zero number.
Step 4: Solve the equivalent system by adding the two equations. Then solve the resulting equation for the
remaining variable and substitute the value of this variable into either of the two equations in the
equivalent or original equations to find the value of the other variable.
Step 5: Check the value.
Example 1: Use elimination method to solve the systems of linear equations in two variables
(1) 3x + y = 7
(2) 2x -5y = 16
SOLUTIONS:
Step1: The equations must be in standard form. (the given are already in standard)
(1) 3x + y = 7
(2) 2x -5y = 16
Step2: We will eliminate variable y. (Hint: think of a number to be multiplied in the equation to cancel
variable y)
Step3: To eliminate variable y, multiply 5 both sides of the equation (1) 3x + y = 7.
5(3x + y = 7)
15x + 5y = 35 distribution property as Equation (3)
Step4: Solve by adding the two equations. (Eq. 3 and Eq. 2)

What’s More
Exercise: 1. Solve the given systems of linear equations in two variables by graphing. (Use graphing
paper.)
1.) 3x + 3y = 6 2.) x - 2y = 3
2x+ 2y = 4 12x + 8y = 2
2. Solve each of the following by using the substitution method.
3.) y = 5x 4.) 3x – 4y = 0
x + y = 24 2x + y = 33
 3. Solve each of the following systems of linear equations by elimination method.
5.) 3x + 2y = 7 6.) a + b = 9
5x – 2y = 1 a–b=1

Assessment

Directions: Read each questions carefully. Write the letter that corresponds to your answer on the
provided separate answer sheet.
1.) Which of the following is a system of linear equations in two variables?
A) 2 x−7 y=8 C) x +9 y=2
2 x−3 y> 12
B) 3 x+ 5 y =−2 D)4 x+1=8
x−4 y=9
2) What point is the intersection of the graphs of the lines x + y=8 and 2 x− y=1?
A) (1,8) B) (3,5) C) (5,3) D) (2,6)
3) Consider the system: 2 x+ y =9 and 2 x− y=11, what is the value of x?
A) 4 B) 5 C) 10 D) 20
4) How many solutions does a consistent and independent system of linear equations have?
A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) infinite
5) Which system of equations has a graph that shows intersecting lines?
A) 2 x+ 4 y=14 C) 4 x+ 8 y =7
x +2 y =7 x +2 y =3
B)−3 x+ y=5 D) 3 x+ y=10
6 x−2 y=1 3 x− y=5
6) Luisa says that system 3 x+ y=2 and 2 y=15−6 x has no solution. Which of the following
reasons would support her statement?
I. The graph of the system of equations shows parallel lines.
II. The graph of the system of equations shows intersecting lines.
III. The two lines as described by the equations in the system have the same slope.
A) I and II B) I and III C) II and III D) I, II and III

7) What system of linear equations that has infinite many solutions and their graphs coincide?
A) Consistent and dependent C) Consistent and independent
B) Inconsistent D) none of the above
8) How many solutions does inconsistent system of linear equations have?
A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) none
9) Solve the system of linear equations x− y =−3 and 3 x+ y=19 by using elimination method.
A) (4,7) B) (-4,-7) C) (-4,7) D) (4,-7)
10) What is the graph of systems of linear equations 3 x+ y=4 and 3 x+ y=10 .
A) intersecting B) parallel C) coinciding D) straight line
Answer Sheet

Name: ________________________
Grade & Section: ________________ Score: _______

Quarter 1 – Module 8

Lesson 1 Lesson 2
What’s More What’s More
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Lesson 3 8)
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References

Soledad Jose-Dilao, Ed.D., Julieta G. Bernabe. 2009. Geometry. Quezon city: SD Publications, Inc.

Mathematics 8 Learner’s Material