In-exhaustive Energy from earths ocean Earths ocean is a potential source for in-exhaustive energy available to almost all

nations. When commercialized, it will satisfy all the energy needs of the world. The principles and process which have so far been been applied to explore such energy are as follows: 1 Fusion Energy: Fusion means joining smaller nuclei (the plural of nucleus) to make a larger nucleus. The sun uses nuclear fusion of hydrogen atoms into helium atoms. This gives off energy as heat and light and other radiation.

Picture illustrates, two types of hydrogen atoms, deuterium and tritium, combine to make a helium atom and an extra particle called a neutron & energy is given off. Nuclear fusion uses inexpensive ocean water instead of expensive & radioactive uranium as used in nuclear fission process. Design and development of a commercially viable fusion Reactor for controlled operation to generate electricity in a continuous process is is still a distant possibility and may happen by 2024. In 1997 Joint European Torus (JET) produced a peak of 16.1 MW of fusion power (65% of input power) which sustained for over 0.5 sec, by means of magnetic confinement. Its successor ITER (the seven parties involved in the project - the United States, China, the European Union (EU), India, Japan, the Russian Federation, and South Korea) designed to produce 500 MW of output power with 50 MW of input power. ten times more fusion power than the power put into the plasma many minutes; for example 50 MW of input power to produce 500 MW of output power and the first reactor demonstrating sustained net energy-producing fusion on a commercial scale has been proposed to begin construction of DEMO in 2024. 2 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) The ocean energy idea uses the temperature differences in ocean water. Water gets colder the deeper you go. It's warmer on the surface because sunlight warms the water. But below the surface ocean gets very cold. Almost everywhere across the entire planet, the upper 10 feet below ground level stays the same temperature, between 50 and 60 degrees Fahrenheit (10 and 16 degrees C). If you've ever been

in a basement of a building or in a cavern below ground, the temperature of the area is almost always cool. Power plants can be built that use this difference in temperature to make energy. A difference of at least 38 degrees Fahrenheit is needed between the warmer surface water and the colder deep ocean water. Using this type of energy source is called Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion or OTEC. It is being demonstrated in Hawaii. 3 Wave Energy: There is kinetic energy in the moving waves of the sea which can be used in a power turbine The sketch given shows that the wave rises into a chamber and the rising water forces the air out of the chamber. The moving air can spin a turbine which can turn a generator to produce power. When the wave goes down, air flows back into the chamber through doors that are normally closed. In place of a turbine a reciprocating piston in cylinder can also be used to drive a generator using the up and down movement of the wave. 4 Tidal Energy: Tides come into the shore and can be trapped in a reservoir behind a dam and when the tide recedes a regulated flow can be released through a turbine which will turn a generator to produce electricity, just like in a Hydro-electric power plant. Tidal Energy is a form of ocean energy available to countries with sea coast. When tides comes into the shore, they can be trapped in reservoirs behind dams. Then when the tide drops, the water behind the dam can be let out just like in a regular hydroelectric power plant. Tidal energy has been used since about the 11th Century, when small dams were built along ocean estuaries and small streams. the tidal water behind these dams was used to turn water wheels to mill grains.

In order for tidal energy to work well, you need large increases in tides. An increase of at least 16 feet between low tide to high tide is needed. There are only a few places where this tide change occurs around the earth. Some power plants are already operating using this idea. One plant in France makes enough energy from tides (240 megawatts) to power 240,000 homes. This facility is called the La Rance Station in France. It began making electricity in 1966. It produces about one fifth of a regular nuclear or coal-fired power plant. It is more than 10 times the power of the next largest tidal station in the world, the 17 megawatt Canadian Annapolis station.