Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this activity sheet are owned by their respective copyright
holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials
from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.
Management Team:
Department of Education - Region No. VIII – Schools Division Office of Tacloban City
HUMANITIES
The mountain stands above all that surrounds it. Giant Timbers---part of a college of evergreen and
deciduous trees---conceal the expansive mountain’s slope, where the cattle once grazed. At the base of the
mountain, a cool stream flows over rocks of all sizes, colors, and shapes. Next to the outer bank of the stream
stands a shingled farmhouse, desolate, yet suggesting its active past. Unfortunately, the peaceful scene is
interrupted by billboards and chairlifts, landmarks of a modern, fast-paced life.
SOCIAL SCIENCES
Among the favorite pastimes of American city dwellers is the “return to nature.” Many outdoor
enthusiasts hope to enjoy a scenic trip to the mountains, only to be disappointed. They know they have arrived
at the mountain that they have travelled hundreds of miles to see because huge billboards are directing them to
its base. As they look up the mountain, dozens of people are riding over the treetops in a chairlift, littering the
slope with paper cups and food wrappers. At the base of the mountain stands the inevitable refreshment stand,
found at virtually all American tourist attractions. Land developers consider such commercialization a way to
preserve and utilize natural resources, but environmentalists are appalled.
NATURAL SCIENCES
The mountain rises approximately 5,600 feet above sea level. The underlying rock is igneous, of
volcanic origin, composed primarily of granites and feldspars. Three distinct biological communities are present
on the mountain. The community at the top of the mountain is alpine, dominated by very short grasses and
forbs. At middle altitudes, the community is a typical northern boreal coniferous forest community, and at the
base and lower altitudes, deciduous forest is the dominant community. This community has, however, been
highly affected by agricultural development along the river at its base and by the recreational development.
Troyka, Lynn Quitman. Simon & Schuster Handbook for Writers, 6th Edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2002.
The paragraphs illustrate the unique perspective and emphasis in each discipline.
For instance, the paragraph for the humanities describes the mountain from the personal
perspective of the writer. Incidentally, this view is shared by the general public.
The paragraph for the social sciences focuses on the behavior of people, while the
paragraph written for the natural sciences records an observation based on natural
phenomena.
This means that in writing for various academic disciplines, varied perspectives are
required. As your perspectives expands, so too your skills in writing. You will discover that
whatever differences exist between academic disciplines, the requirement for writing are
similar. Academic writing involves planning, developing and organizing ideas, providing
evidence, developing ideas into paragraphs, critical reading and thinking, argumentative
skills, and grammar skills.
Key Concept: Writing for different academic disciplines requires the ability to incorporate
varied perspectives. While each discipline is unique, the requirement for academic writing
is similar across disciplines.
Now, do it!
Directions: Please answer both the Study Guide Question (s), and the Output (s) of each
lesson using intermediate paper. Because the subject is a technical writing course, you are
expected to demonstrate application of your writing skills. In answering, indicate your
complete name (Family Name, First Name, Middle Initial), your grade and section in
CAPITAL LETTERS. Indicate the lesson number, date, the study guide question, and output
accordingly as you go along.
History
Magellan left Spain on September 20, 1519. Soon afterward, his father-in-law sent him a warning that
three Portuguese boats had set out to waylay him. He kept the information to himself but changed direction,
without consulting the captains of the boats. He sailed closer to the African coast and soon reached “the
doldrums,” a spot near the equator line that navigators always avoided. There the winds died, and for weeks the
fleet was becalmed as it wallowed and sweltered in the tropical heat.
At this time, a sailor was caught in a criminal act and tried by a court made up of ship captains. At the
end of the trial, when only the captains were in the cabin, Cartagena blamed Magellan for ineptitude, for leading
the ships to becalmed waters. Magellan kept quiet.
Arcilla, Jose S. Kasaysayan: The Story of the Filipino People. Hongkong: Asia Publishing Company Limited, 1998.
Output (s):
1. Explain in a paragraph, how the (study guide) questions help set the purpose of your
reading, and determine how history accounts are usually organized.
Geography
https://www.google.com/url
Population Patterns
Some families live in the same town or on the same land for generations. Other people move frequently
from place to place. In some cases, people choose to leave the country in which they were born. They
emigrate, or move, to another country. You may know of people who are forced to flee their country because of
wars, food shortages, or other problems. They become refugees, or people who flee to another country for
refuge from persecution or disaster.
Population Distribution
People live on only a small part of the earth. As you learned earlier, land covers only about 30 percent
of the earth’s surface, and half of this land is not useful to humans. People cannot make homes, grow crops, or
graze animals on land covered with ice, deserts, or high mountains. Even on usable land, population is not
distributed, or spread, evenly. One reason is that people naturally choose to live in places with plentiful water,
good land, and a favorable climate. Other reasons may lie in a people’s history and culture.
Armstrong, David, Boehm, R., Hunkins, F. Geography: The World and Its People. USA: McGraw Hill Companies, Inc., 2000.
Output (s):
1. After reading the short account on population, explain in a paragraph why climate, culture, and jobs
help determine where people live.
Science
Imagine going on a voyage around the world lasting three and a half years. Your assignment: to
investigate “everything about the sea.” Your vessel: a former warship, powered by sails and a steam engine. Its
guns have been removed to make room for scientific gear. On board there are thermometers for measuring the
temperature of ocean water and hundreds of kilometers of cable for lowering dredges to the bottom of the ocean.
With the dredges, you scrape sand, muck, and rock from the ocean floor. You drag trawl nets behind the ship to
collect ocean organisms.
The crew of a British ship, HMS Challenger, began such a voyage in 1872. By the end of the journey,
the scientists had gathered enough data to fill 50 volumes and had collected more than 4,000 new organisms! It
took 23 years to publish all the information they learned about ocean water chemistry, currents, ocean life, and
the shape of the ocean floor. The voyage of the Challenger was so successful that it became the model for
many later expeditions.
Study Tip (s):
The structure of writing science texts explains why things happen, how things are divided
into types, and how problems are or might be solved. This way, readers are able to look into
the way a scientist thinks.
Ace It!
Total: 20 points
The first impressions you have walking into a restaurant will determine whether you
stay or leave and dine somewhere else. Your impressions might be influenced by the way
the restaurant smells, how it looks, and the noticeable efficiency of the service. In the same
way, an essay will bring out a strong impression from your teacher. In determining the
quality of your output, your teacher will look at three areas: The introduction, the body, and
conclusion. Each of these areas help shape your essay. The introduction is like an
appetizer before the main course which is the body, and conclusion is like dessert that follow
the meal.
Because the appearance of your essay could affect your academic performance, it is
important to study how this can be written in such a way that creates a very good
impression.
A body paragraph consists of a main idea and support to that idea. To be effective, a
body paragraph requires three characteristics: unity, development, and coherence. To
achieve unity, you ask the question: Have you made clear the connection between the main
idea of the paragraph and the sentences that support that idea?
To ensure development, you ask: Have you included detailed and sufficient support
to the main idea? Coherence is a result to the question: Do you have a smooth and logical
progression from one sentence to the next?
Use the RENNS Test to check whether you are providing sufficient detail to your
body paragraph. RENNS stand for: Reasons, examples, names, numbers and senses.
The conclusion should echo the main idea, without dully repeating it. By the end of
the essay, readers should already understand your main point; your conclusion simply drives
it home.
Troyka, Lynn Quitman. Simon & Schuster Handbook for Writers, 6th Edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2002.
Now, do it!
Directions: Please answer both the Study Guide Question (s), and the Output (s) of each
lesson using intermediate paper. Because the subject is a technical writing course, you are
expected to demonstrate application of your writing skills. In answering, indicate your
complete name (Family Name, First Name, Middle Initial), your grade and section in
CAPITAL LETTERS. Indicate the lesson number, date, the study guide question, and output
accordingly as you go along.
.
Writing an Introduction
As a child, everyone has a dish that he or she loves so much it becomes an essential to survive. It’s
usually “fun” food like French fries and chicken fingers, which can be picked up and eaten at any time. Yet every
once in a while, a child comes along that enjoys eating entrees and side dishes other than the usual simple
deep-fried meals. My favorite childhood dish was my grandmother’s red cabbage.
Cadbury, Vivian C. Taste for Writing. Philippines: CENGAGE, 2010.
Output (s):
1. Write an introduction on the idea that success is 10% talent and 90% hard work that
moves from general to specific.
Writing the Body Paragraph
The cockroach lore that has been daunting us for years is mostly true. Roaches can live for twenty
days without food, fourteen days without water; They can flatten their bodies and crawl through a crack thinner
than a centavo; they can eat huge doses of carcinogens and still die of old age. They can even survive “as much
radiation as an oak tree can,” says William Bell, the University of Kansas entomologist whose cockroaches
appeared in the movie The Day After. They will eat almost anything--- regular food, leather, glue, hair, paper,
even the starch in the bookbinding. (The New York public Library has quite a cockroach problem.) They sense
the slightest breeze, and they can react and start running in .05 second; they can also remain motionless for
days. And if all this isn’t creepy enough, they can fly too.
Troyka, Lynn Quitman. Simon & Schuster Handbook for Writers, 6th Edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2002.
Output (s):
1. Identify the RENNS in the example paragraph.
Output (s):
1. Applying what you have learned in the previous lessons, write the body, and concluding
paragraphs to the sample introductory paragraph.
Ace It!
1. What are the characteristics that make a very impressive introductory paragraph, body
paragraph, and concluding paragraph?
Total: 30 points
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMICS AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES●Learner’s Activity Sheet
Q1
W3 Reading Paragraphs
In many ways, reading requires the same skills in navigation. Navigational skills rely
on the ability to FIND such as finding the correct coordinates as these are plotted in the map.
In reading paragraphs, there are two things a reader must find: The subject and the main
idea.
The paragraph, like the sentence is a basic unit in writing. Each sentence contains a
single thought, and each paragraph centers around a single idea. As a reader, you want to
find out what each sentence says and what each paragraph is about.
Robb, Laura. Reader’s Handbook: A Student Guide for Reading and Learning. Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Co., 2002.
Because the paragraph is a basic unit of writing, it helps to know how to analyze a
paragraph when reading. Learning this important skill makes reading easier.
In finding the subject of the paragraph, pay attention to the title or heading, the first
sentence, and any key or repeated words or names. In finding the main idea always
remember, writers like variety in the way they present their idea. As a result, you need to
look at a number of places in the paragraph to find the main the idea. An implied main idea
on the other hand refers to an idea that is not directly stated in any one sentence, but rather
comes from parts of many sentences. As a reader, you need to infer the main idea. That is,
you consider what all the sentences in the paragraph say about the subject and then decide
what the writer wants you to know.
Key Concept: Finding the subject and finding the main idea are the two most important
steps in understanding a paragraph.
Now, do it!
Directions: Please answer both the Study Guide Question (s), and the Output (s) of each
lesson using intermediate paper. Because the subject is a technical writing course, you are
expected to demonstrate application of your writing skills. In answering, indicate your
complete name (Family Name, First Name, Middle Initial), your grade and section in
CAPITAL LETTERS. Indicate the lesson number, date, the study guide question, and output
accordingly as you go along.
.
LIVING LIKE WEASELS
Finding the Subject
A weasel is wild. Who knows what he thinks? He sleeps in his underground den, his tail draped over
his nose. Sometimes he lives in his den for two days without leaving. Outside, he stalks rabbits, mice, muskrats,
and birds, killing more bodies than he can eat, and often dragging the carcasses home. Obedient to instinct, he
bites his prey at the neck, either splitting the jugular vein at the throat or crunching the brain at the base of the
skull, and he does not let go. One naturalist refused to kill a weasel who was socketed into his hand deeply as a
rattlesnake. The man could in no way pry the tiny weasel off, and he had to walk a half a mile to water, the
weasel dangling from his palm, and soak him off like a stubborn label.
Dillard, Annie. Living like Weasels. Last modified August 5, 2016, https://public.wsu.edu.
Output (s):
1. List down in chronological order the key words that help show the subject of the
paragraph.
Output (s):
1. On a paper, write down the main idea of the passage, and
2. List down the details.
Implied Main Idea
The First People in America
…Some ancient people may have crossed a land bridge that joined Asia and North America during the
last Ice Age. The Ice Age was a time of extreme cold that lasted for thousands of years. Glaciers trapped so
much water that ocean levels dropped. A bridge of land, now called Beringia, appeared where the Bering Strait
is now. (See map, page 28.) When the earth grew warm again, the glaciers melted and flooded Beringia. Some
scientists believe humans came to the Americas by many routes, over thousands of years. Some came by boat,
sailing distances from island to island. This theory may also change as scientists find more evidence of ancient
America.
Garcia, Jesus, Ogle, D., et al. Creating America: A History of the United States USA: McDougal Littell Inc.,
2001.
Output (s):
1. Fill out the Main Idea Organizer below:
SUBJECT:
Detail #1 Detail #2 Detail #3 Detail #4
MAIN IDEA:
Ace It!
1. Which part of your academic training is the skill in finding the subject and finding the main
idea in reading texts most useful? Explain why you think it is one indispensable tool in your
academic training.
Total: 20 points
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMICS AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES●Learner’s Activity Sheet
Q1
W4 Patterns of Paragraph Development
Part of the trouble with reading paragraphs comes in understanding the different
kinds of paragraphs and the ways they are organized. At this point, you are probably
familiar with the types of paragraphs such as the narrative, persuasive, descriptive, and
expository. What may be less familiar are the many ways paragraphs can be organized.
While each sentence in a paragraph fits together around a single, central idea, the details
can be organized differently.
Paying attention to how details are organized can help in several ways. First, it can
show what’s important and what’s not. It can also help understand the writer’s purpose.
Lastly, it can help remember what you read.
Robb, Laura. Reader’s Handbook: A Student Guide for Reading and Learning. Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Co.,
2002.
Directions: Please answer both the Study Guide Question (s), and the Output (s) of each
lesson using intermediate paper. Because the subject is a technical writing course, you are
expected to demonstrate application of your writing skills. In answering, indicate your
complete name (Family Name, First Name, Middle Initial), your grade and section in
CAPITAL LETTERS. Indicate the lesson number, date, the study guide question, and output
accordingly as you go along.
.
Time Order
But [Dave] held out till camp was reached, when his driver made a place for him by the fire. Morning
found him too weak to travel. At harness-up time he tried to crawl to his driver. By convulsive efforts he got on
his feet, staggered, and fell. Then he wormed his way forward slowly toward where the harnesses were being
put on by his mates. He would advance his forelegs, and hitch ahead again a few more inches. His strength left
him, and the last his mates saw of him, he lay gasping in the snow and yearning toward them. But they could
hear him mournfully howling till they passed out of sight behind a belt of river timber.
London, Jack. The Call of the Wild. USA: Simon & Schuster, 2005.
Location Order
I was asleep on the second floor of our narrow, gabled green house in Willemstad, on the island of
Curacao, the largest of the Dutch islands just off the coast of Venezuela. I remember that on the moonless night
in February 1942, they attacked the big Lago oil refinery on Aruba, the sister island west of us. Then they blew
up six of our small lake tankers, the tubby ones that still bring crude oil from Lake Maracaibo to the refinery,
Curacaoshe Petroleum Maatshappij, to be made into gasoline, kerosene, and diesel oil. One German sub was
even sighted off Willemstad at dawn.
Taylor, Theodore. The Cay. USA: Laurel Leaf,
2003.
Output (s):
1. Draw a map of what the writer is describing in the passage.
Cause-Effect-Order
When [the slave traders] put us in irons, to be sent to our place of confinement in this ship, the men who
fastened the irons on these mothers, took the children out of their hands, and threw them over the side of the
ship, into the water. When this was done, two of the women leaped overboard after their children---the third was
already confined by a chain to another woman, and could not get into the water, but in struggling to disengage
herself she broke her arm, and died a few days after, of a fever. One of the two women who were in the river,
was carried down by the weight of her irons, before she could be rescued; but the other was taken up by some
men in a boat, and brought on board. This woman threw herself overboard one night, when we were at sea.
Ball, Charles. Slavery in the United States: A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Charles Ball, A Black Man. USA: Kessinger Publishing,
LLC, 2010.
Study Guide Question (s):
1. How did Charles Ball organize the paragraph?
Output (s):
1. Write inside a box the single cause why captured slaves threw themselves overboard, and
list down opposite it the series of chilling effects it created.
Order of Importance
As the native Americans of the Plains battled to remain free, the buffalo herds that they depended upon
for survival dwindled. At one time, 30 million buffalo roamed the Plains. However, hired hunters killed the
animals to feed crews building railroads. Others shot buffalo as a sport or to supply Eastern factories with
leather for robes, shoes, and belts. From 1872 to 1882, hunters killed more than one million buffalo each year.
Garcia, Jesus. Creating America: A History of the United States. USA: McDougal Little, 2002.
Output (s):
1. Using an organizer, write the details of the paragraph and the main idea.
Output (s):
1. Using an organizer, identify the main idea, and
2. Write the details of the paragraph from least important to most important.
Comparison-Contrast Order
Wolves look similar to German Shepherd and husky dogs, but their legs are longer, their chests
narrower, and their feet are bigger. Wolf tails generally hang down, while dog tails often curl up over their backs.
Wolves have a scent gland located on top of their tails that dogs lack.
Patent, Dorothy H. Gray Wolf, Red Wolf. USA: Houton Mifflin Company, 1990.
Output (s):
1. On a table, list down the body parts that show the difference between wolves and dogs.
Classification Order
Up high and shallow, or down low and deep, everywhere you go in the ocean you find living things. And
fish aren’t the only things out there. Birds (like penguins), reptiles (like sea turtles), mammals (like whales), not
to mention tons of animals without backbones, called “invertebrates” [in-VERT-uh-brits] (like squid), and tons and
tons of plants (like seaweed) all depend on the ocean to survive.
Nye, Bill. Big Blue Ocean. USA: Disney-Hyperion, 2003.
Output (s):
1. Using a table, classify the main categories, and ocean creatures underneath each
creature.
Ace It!
1. How will the various ways of organizing paragraphs help improve your reading, and
writing skills?
Total: 20 points