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    Ancient thinkers such as Anaximander and Pythagoras contributed ideas about the origins and order of the universe. Anaximander proposed that opposites generated the world through "Creation-Destruction" while Pythagoras saw the universe as embodying nature's order, harmony, and beauty. Modern thinkers like Kant, Marcuse, and Mead explored humanity's relationship with nature. Kant saw nature guiding people toward deeper religion. Marcuse believed humans have power over nature while Mead thought people have duties toward nature. The principles of sustainability discussed are environmental integrity, economic efficiency, and equity. Environmental integrity means human activities should not disrupt environments or communities. Economic efficiency ensures minimum

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    ANCIENT THINKERS

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    Ancient thinkers such as Anaximander and Pythagoras contributed ideas about the origins and order of the universe. Anaximander proposed that opposites generated the world through "Creation-Destruction" while Pythagoras saw the universe as embodying nature's order, harmony, and beauty. Modern thinkers like Kant, Marcuse, and Mead explored humanity's relationship with nature. Kant saw nature guiding people toward deeper religion. Marcuse believed humans have power over nature while Mead thought people have duties toward nature. The principles of sustainability discussed are environmental integrity, economic efficiency, and equity. Environmental integrity means human activities should not disrupt environments or communities. Economic efficiency ensures minimum

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    11 views1 page

    Ancient Thinkers

    Uploaded by

    K
    Ancient thinkers such as Anaximander and Pythagoras contributed ideas about the origins and order of the universe. Anaximander proposed that opposites generated the world through "Creation-Destruction" while Pythagoras saw the universe as embodying nature's order, harmony, and beauty. Modern thinkers like Kant, Marcuse, and Mead explored humanity's relationship with nature. Kant saw nature guiding people toward deeper religion. Marcuse believed humans have power over nature while Mead thought people have duties toward nature. The principles of sustainability discussed are environmental integrity, economic efficiency, and equity. Environmental integrity means human activities should not disrupt environments or communities. Economic efficiency ensures minimum

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    ANCIENT THINKERS

    Anaximander - According to his “Creation-Destruction”, the sketch of the genesis of the world
    (cosmology), the evolution of the world begins with the generation of opposites in a certain region
    Nature.

    Pythagoras - He described the universe as living embodiment of nature’s order, harmony, and beauty.
    He sees our relationship with the universe involving biophilia (love of other living things) and
    cosmophilia (love of other living beings).

    MODERN THINKERS (Wang, 2017)

    Immanuel Kant - “The orderliness of nature and the harmony of nature with our faculties guide us
    toward a deeper religious perspective”

    Herbert Marcuse - “Human have power over nature.”

    George Herbert Mead - “Man have duties and responsibilities in nature”

    PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABILITY
    Environmental Integrity- means that any human activities or economic advances should not unduly
    disrupt the environment and human communities located in the area. The environment should not be
    drastically impacted by human activities (Abella, 2016).

    Economic efficiency- this is to ensure that there is minimum to zero waste in using our natural resources
    (Abella, 2016).

    Equity- it refers to conserving our natural resources so that the future generations will still be able to
    use it.

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