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Bin Laden believed that the Islamic world was in crisis and that the complete
restoration of Sharia law would be the only way to set things right in the Muslim
world. He opposed such alternatives as secular government,[67] as well as pan-
Arabism, socialism, communism, and democracy.[68] He subscribed to the Athari
(literalist) school of Islamic theology.[69]
These beliefs, in conjunction with violent jihad, have sometimes been called
Qutbism after being promoted by Sayyid Qutb.[70] Bin Laden believed that
Afghanistan, under the rule of Mullah Omar's Taliban, was "the only Islamic
country" in the Muslim world.[71] Bin Laden consistently dwelt on the need for
violent jihad to right what