¥ easy ways to teduce waste Butter, bl Si eer id he . eke Pe ECO- FRIENDLY FY Te1 3 AND IDEASCrwitronment Organic flower industry Planning sustainable home renovation Reducing Household Waste Summer ~ Beating the heat. Eco-friendly ~ Waterside vacation fun Composting - Making and managing it (Gomteceucty Community Garde oy Gardew Vegetables For SUMMEL nnn Hetiooms Sumer Tomatoes - What a treat Chicken Eggs - All you need or want to know, Summer Survival - For your garden. Summer Scents Blueberries Growing Herbs and Veges for your Chickens Versatile Herbs - Filling in the gaps Growing Grapes Profile Profile - People for Plants 2 HONG GRBIN GROWNQuit Pallets toSench Seat and Storage/Planter Box. 54 Ge the table Butter Tastes Better. 46 Vegetable Juice ssn 7 sens Preserving Tips. 72 Butter Sauces and Cooking Tips. Immune Booster - Blender Recipe Green Zingy Smoothie The Mediterranean ... Awesome Orange. Leone's Vegetable Smonthie... Fermented Hot Chilli SauceOrganic edible flowers Meet the small organic flower industry that is colouring our world ethically. Janelle Johnston isthe only organically certified grower of edible flowers in Australia, About 15 years ago she certified sixcand-a-half hectares of her ‘amily’ farm on the outskirts of Byron Bay with Australian Certified Organic and has since grown organic fruit, vegetables and edible flowers. With a science degree specialising in botany Janelle Featured nasturtiums and ‘marigolds inher salad mixes, inspiring local chefs to request other organic edible flowers as no one else inthe region was doing it. She now supplies tothe Sydney and Brisbane wholesale markets, “One ofthe challengesis that youget a lot of wastage in flowers -more than 50 per cent~s0 Im certainly doing this for the love rather than forthe money! The edible floners can last for up to 12 days if picked and packed on the same day end properly refrigerated throughout ‘the supply chain, To retain freshness, Janelle packs the Flowers in sealed 20-gram punnets that retail for $8-10. Flowers that are delicate and difficult to pick, such as violas and pansies, are sold in 10-gram punnets "Being organic and not sprayed, the flowers tend to retain freshness alot better. You have to know what to pick and when to pick it? Janelle uses her website byronbayorganicproduce.comau to market this niche enterprise and educate people about edible flowers, "Wehave to show the buyers that certified organic flowers are abetter product as theyre not sprayed. they last longer and they're the way nature intended ~youcantaste the difference!” Cafes are turing to edible flowers to bring beauty, fragrance and colour to dishes and are receiving awed reactions from customers. “Weuuse edible flowers purely for ‘aesthetic reasons, We'e the only cafe know in the region doingit, and it has become our signature thing says Sara Gleeson at Naked Treaties in Byron Bay. Melbourne florist Lindsey Myra says he entered the cut flower industry to make a difference and she's working hard ‘tobecome certified organic. She says"To my knowledge, nobody who is operating as lami certified. believe that this is due to ‘lack of certifiable inputs fr this industry, the difficulty of certification wien one is dealing with such a wide range of product ‘and the costs involved. Personally, | would love tobe the first to overcome these issues and pave the way for more people like me but is baby steps at the moment” Established in 2012 as The Urban Flower Farm in @ Melbourne backyard, ‘The Little Flower Farmis the first ofits kind in Victoria, with heirloom varieties preferred, companion planting standard practice and na genetically modified seed or bulb stock purchased. “Iuse the terms lovingly home grown’ and | market an idylc, abundant lifestyle, overflowing with old fashioned flowers! she says. In the future she aims to create a community share agriculture program for getting flowers direct from farm to flower lover. Lindsey says that there is definitely scope for mare lacationally specific small- to-mediumsized organic ct flower and edible flower markets, She thinks the public might be prepared to pay 10 to 15 per cent ‘mare for an organic optionin a traditional flower retail outlet “Ibelieve the receptiveness for these markets already exists and is growing among the public; we need to get our farming and processes up to scratch to make the most of it”Planning a smarter more sustainable home renovation? Sustainability Victoria has offically leunched a new report and Smarter Renovations Planner~ an online toal to help Victorian home renovators calculate the value of including energy efficiency ‘options in their home improvements, at the Herald Sun Home Show this weekend. ‘Sustainability Vietoria CEO Stan Krpan said making smart decisions about energy saving additions early inthe project could greatly inerease the long term financial ‘and environmental benefits of a home renovation, and avoid renovation regrets down the tack. “The research found home renovaters who incorporate energy efficiency improvements can save hundreds of dollars on their energy bills every year ~ with measures such as draught proofing and efficient lighting saving households almost $300 per year’ Mr Krpan sai, The report shows that Victorians spend more than $2 billion renovating theirhomes every year and are likely ‘to stay in their home for mare than * Not selecting double gazed windows 10 years, which means any energy + Poor design, ‘efficiency improvements wil prove to be aworthwhile investment. The new research and Sustainability And for those looking to sell the Victorias Smarter Renovations Planner are inclusion oF such measures willimprove _nowavailable at wwrw sustoin the value ofa property as well as add ‘y/smarter-renovations selling points when taking it to market, Mr Krpan sa taking practical ‘action to be smarter with energy and water ‘could help Victorian households save maney. would encourage anyone planning ‘a renovation to have alaok thraugh this informative research and.use the tool to work out how much extra value they ean derive from theic renovation project by ‘adding some energy saving measures’ Mr krpan said, Sustainability Victorias research found thatthe top five renovation regrets ace: ‘Inadequate insulation + Airleakoge + Poor lighting eee esos rine en co ees + Win ‘pea tS ae oe eee ten ee = from whi Cas pice HOMEGROWN 5:A refresher on tips to reduce waste in your kitchet average Australians throw away around 21 million tonnes of waste per year, which includes ‘waste from our kitchens, bathrooms, laundries and gardens. It also includes building waste generated from building andrenovating our homes. Although weve made great improvements in our waste disposal habits over recent years, there are still lots of ways we can do more Rethink your assumptions about what ‘waste is. Fe shift aur thinking about the lifespan of products that we use and the lifecycle of produce that we consume, we can make landfill last resort. i, Keeping food fresh for 2s long os possible 6 Howegrown bathroom and laundry Think about how we create waste and the variety of ways we can reduce, re-use and recycle, Nothing is waste—until we throw it away. By refusing excess packaging or making 8 decisionnot to purchase things brand new, we can reduce the amount of unnecessary waste sent to landfill, and reduce the demand for manufacturers to make new materials. Recycling and re-using products also has a big impact on reducing waste. Look for ways te recycle, or pass unwanted items onto friends or charities. Find out about recycling in your area Contact your local council to find out what services exist and what they do and don't collect. This will help make sure your ‘recycling doesn't end up in landfill. You can also Find recycling facilities at Planet Ark’s Recycling Near You website. Packaging makes up a significant part of the rubbish in landfill. f you can buy in bulk, you can save money, packaging and transport costs. If nat, you could try to choose products that use less packaging, Reducing the amaunt of disposable products you use makes abig difference to your overall level of waste. Refusing plastic bags when you don't reed them saves resources and energy used to manufacture the bags. Youll also reduce the amount of waste that ends Lupin landfill Remember to take your re-usable bags out with you so you can refuse plastic bags. Kitchen and food waste Food waste isa growing area of concern, with many costs to our community in terms of waste collection, disposal and greenhouse gases. When your rotting food tends up in landfill t turns into methane, a greenhouse gas that is particularly damaging tothe environment. Food waste costs you money and also wastes the valuable water and energy resources used 0 produce the food. ‘Shopping and planning. Much of the food waste in our kitchens comes from inadequate planning or simply buying too much food. Its important to plan meals around what Food is left in your fridge, asa large proportion of food waste comes from food thats pas its use-by date. Plan your shopping too—having alist will help keep yun track and save you money. The other reason we tend to waste food is because we cook or prepare too ‘much, Portion contral means preparing, just the right amount. Work out how ‘much you and your family really eat, and check 3 portion guide. Also, make sure you store leftovers in the fridge for easy ‘meals or snacks. Storage inthe fridge Keep your food fresh and avoid wasting ‘energy by having your fridge set at the right temperature—between 3 and 4°C for the fridge and between minus 15 and ‘minus 18°C for the freezer, Use a fridge thermometer to check. Airtight containers are great for keeping leftovers, plus they ‘make good reusable sandwich boxes. Lots of food can be stared in the freezer until youneed it Compost and worm farms Even thaugh Food waste is organic and will generally decompose, when it mixes with father waste in landfill it ean contribute to the production and release of dangerous gases, ike methane, which is harmful to ‘the environment. Food waste can also easily be recycled into compost. Composted mulch applied ‘to your garden helps capture carbon in the sail, which means you improve the health of your soil and assist water retention. You can also recycle food waste by turning it into rich Fatiliser through 2 worm farm. You can have a worm farm ‘even if you live in an apartment and don't have much space. You can buy worm farm kits that fit under your sink or on your verandah which make it easy if you have limited space ‘Minimise bathroom, toilet and laundry waste The bathroom, tllet and laundry are always in use, and canbe high-use areas for chemicals, so the choices we make can make a big ifference to the amount and type of waste we produce, With litle ‘thought and planning we can reduce waste, save money and improve our wellbeing, Dispose of hazardous waste correctly ‘Some waste products from the bathroom ‘and laundry can be hazardous and should be disposed of correctly ata hazardous waste centre, Hazardaus waste cannot be disposed of in your regular garbage callectian, because it can leach inta landfill sites and waterways and cause serious health risks, Hazardous waste may include products like drain cleaners or chemical products Check with your lacal council r Planet ‘Ark’ RecyclingNearYou for callection services available in your area, Old ‘medicines can be dangerous to people and can also impact our unique biadiversiy. You can return unwanted and out-of- date medicines to any pharmacy for safe disposal. He \ !By Gavin Cole, John Mason and Adriana Fraser. Jeread alot these days about grow for anumber af reasons.Perhaps which means that they do not have to rely ‘heritage’ or‘heirloom varieties they don't produce as many fruits per ‘on large seed companies for their seeds cof vegetable plants. These are acre, they need more care, or they are ust The view held by most experts is that traditional varieties which have been slower growing, heirloom varieties are those that were ‘grown over many centuries by regional Many people preferthe taste of the papular before the 1950s because it was communities but havenot been adopted by old varieties and would argue that they _around this time that plant breeders began the agriculture industry, usually because are wellworth growing, Others like the __hybriising vegetables. itis not economically viable for them to idea of saving seeds and using seed banks Heirloom varieties are“open-pollinated’ i ce 8 HOMEGROWNthat is they are pollinated in natu through the activity of insects, wind or thout any human interference. produce viable seed and are fairly stable in their characteristics the red seed will ite a In other wor it the following v vegetables year after year. seed each year. Heirloom varieties also tend to b hardy yes, They needed be tough in order tobe selected and ‘grown year after year in the 19th and early 20th centuries befare the advent of hybridisation, This makes them a reliable chaiee for home growers Some heirlaom vegetables are still ‘grown widely and sold as seeds or edlings through large n The varieties may also be marketed and sold inthe fruit and vegetable sections at majority of are only be grown by home though. from seed supplied lies (several iN cooenta rete ornare berknge vegrinlen? One thing yout tice stot many older ies look and taste different to the th supermarket and greengrocer Pen. produce you are familar with, Modern sgetables are often grown because the look good, perfect in Fac, and they keep time in the shop. But they dont always taste the best, Think how many re tasted a bland tomato carrot, These ss market, But reryaneis an individual, with individual likes and dislikes, and many of us seek a Aifferent experience in our food. IF you are willing to experiment with craps, you may Find exciting riences and tastes that are richer and more attuned to your palette than anything you can buy ina supermarket. Once yau have tasted some of these vegetables you will never want to go back. DeeTen Featured Heirloom vegetables Bean’Searlet Runner’- this plant gets its name from its bright red flowers, The pods may be eaten fresh or steamed. It 0 2m tall and produces up to 400 pods per plant. Space plants at 15cm, ‘win Full sun in warm regions and water as required, Beetroot ‘Detroit’~ this variety is popula baby leaves and the roots. Shaped avery ful fi cil full m deep. They are hardy plants suited to cooler regions Cabbage ‘Sugarloaf’ = these are unusual ped cabbages salad greens but can 3d. The heads are quite small but weigh between I and 1.Skg mature. They are best sown tow: nd of summer. « space plants 40-60em apart. Keep them well watered Capsicum ‘Jalapeno! ~ these gr 60-90cm tall and bear fruit to 3: long, it takes a the fruits to mature. They may b eaten when still green and usually taste sweeter when red, Seeds should be so just Lem deep and spaced at 45em apart They may require staking for support. Onion White Lisbon’ - these sprin ‘onions will continue cropping th autumn ifplanted every few weeks. They do best in fll sun and prefer a well- drained and fertil eds should be wn to 0.5em deep and spaced at 15cm apart. They mature in six to eight week: Pumpkin Gold Nugget these bear mall golden orange fruit fleshinside. You can ina mound and then al stcang plants. Choose a ina sumy spot and water Tomato ‘Oxheart’~ as the name implie the fruits of this tomato are somewhat heart-shaped, They are also very flavoursome and quite large weighing up +t0 450g, Seeds should be sown at 0.5: 10.75cm deep and spaced at about 60cm apart. They mature in around 80-90 day Larger tomatoes may be difficult to win the warm tropicSeen Pere Se eee ors Bonen ee ene ty ee) Bree Me Cary Se eae before planting Cee eee re ren Peete as Beco te Red water supply fluctuates Se eee eens er ee re Berna ee ocean COS ec ear Sen Sees eo ee ee etd ore oe een ceca Tomata Roma’ - thes fits which are oblong in shape and quite dense. The Fruits a ‘meaning they all mature at once. Their ecminate skins make them more conduc ‘aking than eating raw. Space plant Tomato Tommy Toe! y tomatoes produce poping Plant depth of lem and spat 440°60cm apart. Grow in full sun ina mwide and up a very pale ce plants at 1.2m apart, Fruits mature in 45-50 days an they will crop continuously if picked. They taste great when c also be eaten fresh, Tips for growing vegetables in pots Many v tobe grown in pot Jjon’thave ala of spac tables are versatile eno is ideal if you want to move the pats, say into snhouse towards the end of the ticular, you s, lettuce, rocket, bok capsicum, chilli, beans and onions. You can also grow many so don't be put off. getables grow profu: root growth, + Use planter: like spring onions and lettuces, + Plastic pots are lighter and therefore easier to move if you need to, for row craps HoMeGRown 11ea ‘What canbe planted and grown over the summer «Try arowing compact forms of vegies Thepperfect time to plant seeds can vary according tothe variety, cultvar,andlocation. which won't need so much space There may be subtle diferences even within the sameregion,so.alwaysreadtheseed + Use a good quality potting mix - some supplier's instructions. In general, the following canbe planted over summer are specifically made for vegetables and enriched with Fertlsers December Sowing Janwary Sowing February Sowing + Mix slow release fertiliser to mixes All Regions Many seeds can be sown As wemoveintoFebruary, __whichare not enriched Beet (silver Swiss chard) in midsummer. Bear in _the seedlings of some + Even with wetting agents, the soil Beans except broad bean) mind that agreat mary plants, eg, Brussels in pots dries out quickly ~so water Cobbage vegetables can be frown sprouts, canbe grown regularly Cape gooseberry allyear round in tropical outdoors inthe coldest + Try using water wise pots with inbuilt Capsicum regions. regions. reservoir chambers in the base Corcat AllRegions AIL Rey + Be careful not to overnater~nutrients Celery Beans (except broad bean) Beet (sver, Swiss chard) __willquickl leach out of the pots Cucumber Beet (sive, Swiss chard) Beetroot + Replenish your plants fortnightly with Egaplant Beetroot Cabbage liguie feed when established Kohl abi Bracco Chinese cabbage Leek Brussels sprouts Carots Some other suggestions for Lettuce Cabbage Dwarf beans Heirloom vegetables Marrow Capsicum Koh abl ‘As wella our featured top 10, some Melon Cauliflower Lecks ther heirloom vegetables you may wish Okra Kohl rabi Lettuce to ty include Parsnip Lettuce Parsnip + Beans Kentucky Wonder Purple King Pumpkin Parsnip Radish Scarlet Runner’ (cooler climates) Radish Radish Spinach ‘Northeaster Rhubarb All Regions (except the + Bost ‘Argentia ocala caldest areas) + Beetroot ChioggiaCylinarca! Salty Cucumber + Cabbage-Early Jersey Wakefield Squash Marcon Of the above rosella + Careor Early Horn’ Sweet com Spring onion seedswillnotthrivein |» Corn‘Golden Banta Tomato Squash cold temperate areas + Cucumber ‘Improved Long Green! Suyo Zucchini Sweet corn ‘and itis best nat to Long! Zucchini ‘attempt ta sow leeks + Eggplant Combo Tropical Regions in tropicol ond warm + Siverbeet Rainbow ChardFordhook’ Capsicum subtropicol oreos + Lettuce Paris White Cos:‘Deer's Cucumber at this time, In cold Tongue’ Eggpiant (aubergine) temperateregionsitis | + Melon‘Jenny Lind Melon toolote to attempt to + Pumpkin’ lop Galeux Deysines otra ‘grow copsicums, cope + Radish French Breakfast ice Pumpkin sgooseberries, eggplant | « Squash Hubbard Rhubarb and tomatoes from + Tomato Brandywine Beefstea’(coler Tomato seed. climates) Black Russian Roma + Zucchini‘Costa Romanesque 12 Home¢RownOrganic pest and disease control heey eee) Seer ee es Scere Tcue ote en eee a ‘ld containers before potting-up are all Peete esc pests and diseases in your vegetable Peer ee eee rer eee es ea ee ee Sree errno tty ce ee eee ee See ae ee Peano eer cr) eo eet ere rete eel ‘away from your vegetables. cere ett) et os erie ni ere these include mint, Pees You may also be able to find PS ae ed Ce eed Senet Le Cet Benes eee oe tency ere ee Ce aoe mites See ete providing places, eg, boards or rocks, eee ener Cnet eco) coe] Se ee een ac soft bodied pests and scale insects Sectors) een cetinie Cero) See ee ote caer ts iadybirds Se eee erect insects and birds een eee losses are acceptable!... what a treat! By Mark Beaumont of Beautanicals Herbs and Seeds ne of the delights of living ina country like Australias that the spring /summer season is long enough to gram just about everything you ‘wantin the vegie garden and tomatoes are usually at the top of most people's list of ‘what to grow at home Everyone | have ever spoken to regarding tomatoes is convinced that home grown are so superior in taste and ‘texture to anything purchased at the supermarket and the fact that they are just s0 easy to grow just makes them even more popular. Many of thenew varieties of tomato grown by farmers have been selected because they resist some disease or problem tha, n point of Fact, usually only Deets arises because so many plants are grown, ‘0 close to each other and itis usually in confined oF condensed conditions that problems arise, not because the tomato has an intrinsic weakness but because these tough South American plants prefer tojust Go their own thing and need space to grow with alittle breeze around them. Grown basically, in it with some breathing space, they ill thrive without a lat oF care or worry. Choosing the right heirloom variety for your taste and your climate can take some trial and error bu, rest assured, theres a perfect combination forall of us. Because we growall ofthe seeds that we sll, we are very well acquainted withall of the 30 varieties of heirloom tomatoes that we have chosen to grow. Notallof them suit cur taste, but each has a special quality that we have Found toa good to ignore. Many people have told us that no ‘matter what they plant, they end up with cherry tomatoes. This often happens because many ofthe recent varieties have nat been around long enough to ensure that the variety is stable and will continue to,reproduce'‘true to form: Because tomatoes generally self pollinate, and more often than nat do so before the lower opens, its unlikely at best that they have mixediit up withthe next door neighbour’ plants. The fault is usually in the seed and not the grower. Now, choosing the right tomato for you is really just a matter of how you want to cat them, and where you ive. If your passions sliced tomato an fresh bread witha litte salt, pepper and cheese, then you have afew to choose from that grow toa goad size for slicing, @ good colour and stay firm enough to keep the bread intact. These are Australian Red, Grosse Lisse (Big Rel, Oxheart and Beefsteak. These are all regarded as ‘indeterminate’ which simply means that they like to wander off, in vine fashion, and canbe alittle messy in the garden, Even though we have been told to attempt to grow tomatoes in an upright manner, on tomato stakes, it snot natural for them to grow this way and you wil prabably spend ‘most of your time trying to train them to do your bidding, Itis a frustrating task. Ihave found that the best results are touse aform of trellis that allows for their wandering nature, but allows you to tie the branches in place to support them wien they are full of fruit. These ‘sandwich ‘tomatoes do well through most of the east coast but they doneed quite a lat of roam in the garden. They donot da well on walls or in courtyards,‘The next type of tomato isthe salad tomato, One that you are able to cut for dice to add toa salad, purely fr the flavour and texture, Our heirloom Black Krim, Black Russian, Red and Yellow Brandywine, Mortgage Lifter and the Red ‘and Green Tigers are great for these uses. Kelloggs Breakfast is also excellent ina salad for colour but is very mild in taste, ‘These tomatoes are also indeterminate ‘and will ramble toa lesser extent than the previously mentioned but. asthe fruits smaller, they are not so much of ‘a problem. They grow well throughout ‘Australia, even inthe west, but they do need regular watering. Most tomatoes are not really large users of water but instead prefer to bbe watered often. Smaller amounts of water daly is better for the plants and the fruit and drying out alittle between helps with all of the fungal and mould problems that seem to beset many gardeners. Always remember that the plants need to have air around them to get good, nutritious results. Now, speaking of salads, we cant forget, the cherry and pear heirloom varieties that are probably the easiest plants in the world to grow and use. Even if you have successfully killed everything that you hhave brought home froma nursery, you will probably succeed to grow these. Every garden, whether balcony or backyard, can provide everything necessary for these eager-to-please vines. They will limi on almost anything and once they begin to produce their tresses of beautifully {arranged fruit that ripen from the top down, they area visual delight ‘Sugar Snack, Cocktail, Red and Yellow Pear, Golden Cherry and Sweetbite are ‘ur favourite varieties and each of these will continue to produce fruit way past the time when you would think them ‘exhausted. These tomatoes also have the widest range of climate and seasonal ‘adaptation abilities and. ifthe seeds heirloom, will produce new plants year after year that are just as good as your first season, We grow these varieties for 10 months ‘of every year, without fail Once upon a ‘time we used to preserve these tomatoes by using the Vacola' but there is really no ‘need to do s0 as they are available to us fresh almost all the time. Next are the cocking tomatoes, Probably the hardest to grow but also very rewarding. These are the heirloom, San Marzano, Amish Paste, Roma, German Green and Yellow Brandywine. The reason that they are alittle more dificult to grow successfully is that their fruit has @ higher water content than many ofthe others and ‘they need more support and fussing over. German Green aside, these are determinate vines, tending to grow in ‘atigier fashion than the others. These ‘canbe grown on stakes but need to have ‘excess foliage trimmed off regularly to ‘once again allow air to circulate around the ripening fru. The fruit goes from‘not ready yet' to ‘overripe ina very short time, so they are best planted where you are able to see ‘them frequently to pounce when the time is right. They are all wonderful for soups, pastes and sauces. Amish Paste and Roma are perfect for home fermenting This is avery easy process and can be achieved in any kitchen, ‘anywhere. Many commercially available ‘sauces and pastes are simply fermented and the most natural have nothing added. Once the tomatoes are finished fermenting in your jars, they will kep fora very longtime, adding tomato sunshine to dreary winter ‘Speaking of winter cannot forget to ‘mention Siberian. Siberian tomato does conjure up the notion ofa tough. rugged tomato standing up to snow and blizzard Thisis not the case unfortunately, bt, will uvive longer into winter than any ‘other variety and can be sown in winter to be planted aut as early as possible, even iF the frosts have not yet stopped forthe season. It isa tasty, medium sized tomato that has goad sliceability and texture and cannot be left aut af the conversation. So, hopefully thishas helped you choose your variety. but if you are still nat sure, Beautanicals does have a mixed Heirloom packet that will provide a lucky ip range of heirloom seeds to try. (One last thing to say about the remarkable tomato is that it’s one ofthe only fruits that you simply cannot cook the ‘goodness out of. The amount of processing that youdo to the tomato will only increase itsnutrtional value to you E SEEDS HEIRLOOM VEGETABy le sg Beautonicols Herbs ond Seeds \wivw-beautanicals.com.cu HOMEGROWN 21 HOMEGROWN 15,The City of Sydney is an impressive leader in community gardens, helping and 16 HOMEGROWN here are now 22 community gardens flourishing inthis inne city area, ‘ram Woolloomooloo to Glebe to Alexandria, all of which enable residents the ‘opportunity to patter araund and soak up their natural environment. Most are ground level gardens, however several are amazing rooftap gardens and theresa couple of footpath/verge gardens. The gardens help to reduce household waste (via composting). and save and protect diverse plants and seeds Experienced gardeners are always on-hand to teach enthusiastic beginers some practical organic methods, and. most importantly, these gardens bring people together as a community. encouraging local residents to grow and harvest their own produce. With a website full of useful advice and inspirational tories, the City of Sydney Council offers ongoing support and advice for ‘vew and established community gardens, and will also help you to find a suitable location, plus help plan and design your new community garden, Grants ae aso avaiable tohelp establish new gardens. Youll notice from the following list that ‘each gardenis different. fyoulivein the area (lucky you), take note ofthe meeting times ‘and make sure you visit. andifyou dont live inthe area, we hope you become enthused ‘andinspired tojoin your local community garden, or even to stat planing on creating 3 ‘community garden in your suburb.aur top etiquette tips to be a gracious gardener. 1. Everyone's welcome You don't need to know a scrap about gardening to join in, as long as you're keen to learn, a ‘gardeners are welcome too - they share their know-how and mentor the newbies, a ye eet or Bees 2, Love lockdown Lee's Face it lif up anotch, kids take priority, smal pop up. Keep it simple by ony plant the crops you love. Youll be more likely to ‘make the time to nurture them, 3.Be aneat freak Nobody likes an unloved, weedy garden s0 if you fll behind, get sick or take a trip, ask your fellow gardeners to step in and do your bt. Ifyou find you cant cope, let someone know s0 another eager beaver can take your spat4.Get stuck in Pretty obvious huh, but if youre lucky enough tobe offered a spot at your local garden, make the most of it! I's community gardening 101 5, Surround sound There's usually ahive of activity going on inyour local garden, but cranking classic rock from your radia won't win you many friends, Consult other gardeners on your ultimate playlist before you hook up the stadium speakers. After allthis is your time to channel Mother Nature, 6.Small people and furry friends Most gardens welcome little ones with ‘open gardening gloves, but a wild child just spoils it for everyone. Keep an eye ¥ % Ct ete yt ee ety 1B. HOMEGROWN So eed ee as te] ‘on them and reap the rewards of giving them a place to dig and watch things (grow. I's a good idea to ackif four-legged ‘companions are okay too 7.Gonatural Most community gardens are organic. If bugs, diseases and nasties abound, ask your fellow gardeners how to deal with them the natural way. Who knew snails hate eggshells? 8, Thou shalt not steal Don't take the bounty of others unless they've saidits okay. Same goes for borrowing their tools. I's a good ides toharvest as yougo, leaving nothing to ‘temptation. It’s a collective garden, youl ‘gree as a group as to who takes what, when,9.Learn and grow Look online stick your nose ina book or best ofall talk to other gardeners about new ways to garden. Youll be wowing friends and family with your growing prowess inno time, 10. Introduce yourself Most importantly, get to know your Fellowe gardenites. Youll have someone to swap vegies with help out when youre stuck, and a new buneh of Fresh-Feod-loving- friends in your hood ta beat In addition to community gardens, the City of Sydney also encourages Footpath Gardening. s0f you and some like-minded neighbours wish to take charge of the patch of the City’s grass outside your home or office, and plant Pn it with vegetables and flowers, now's your chance. Councilinsists each Footpath gardening projectis respectful of the needs of others, bbe well maintained and safe, and must keep the footpath accessible for everyone, and hasa simple checklist onits website before you start, Once youve submitted your checklist youre free to start gardening. Contact details: City of Syeney website: hutpy//ooww-cityofsydney.nsw.govou/ ‘community/partci .gardens/find-a-community tion/community garden Roewyn Broadfaot Community Gardens Coordinator Ph: 02 9265 9786 Emait:rbroodfoot@cityofsydneynsigovau HOMEGROWN 19Everything you need or want to know By John Mason, Adriana Fraser and Gabriella Vogt gs arent all the same! Some are * big, some small and the colour can vary. Commonly we think of gas as being either white or light brown, but blue, green, cream and dark brown are also common colours; different breeds lay different coloured eggs and also different sized eggs. Breed can also dictate how many eggs a chicken lays but temperature, light and Feed are also factors Chickens begin egg production at around 18-22 weeks of age and will continue to lay one egg mast days; however the laying life ofa chicken depends on a number of factors such as the age, breed, and health ofthe bird, and also environmental factors such as season and temperature, Every now and again your chickens will take abreak from laying, They may just slowdown in production, they may take a break fora period of ime or they may stop all together. Here are some of the comman reasons why a hen may stop laying * Moulting = taking a break from laying, allows the chicken to shed feathers and grow new ones, At the same time the her's reproductive tract is rejuvenated ‘and you should see a slight increase in ‘the number of eggs she lays and the quality + Sickness - many poultry diseases will effect egg production, if your hens have symptoms of disease it's best to consult avet + Seasonal shorter day length may cause a decline in egg production. Fag production will start to pick up again ‘when the days begin to get longer.+ Improper nutrition ~it's very important hens get adequate and balanced nutrition in arder to maintain egg production, + Broodiness -this is when hens incubate their eggs until they hatch (which is. obviously never if they are not fertilised some breeds are mare prane to this behaviour than others, + Too young - young chickens are usually inconsistent layers to begin with + Too old since chickens are born with the amount of eggs they will produce inside them, older hens will start ta slow down in their reproductive ability and egg production will eventually stop. Eggs are actually complex little structures ~ jam packed full of nutrients. An egg consists of a shel, yolk, albumen, inner and ‘outer membrane and the air cel The shells a semi-permeable hard protective layer made up of calcium ‘carbonate. Air and moisture can pass through the shells pores; this is why youhave to be careful what you wash your eggs with as they can absorb some. chemicals. It is better to wipe them ‘down with a clean damp clath rather than wash them, The yolk contains most of the vitamin ‘A vitamin, iron, calcium, phosphorus, riboflavin and thiamine. There isa clear casing that surrounds the yolk called the vitelline membrane, The albumen or egg white’ contains the majority of the egas protein. Inner and outer membrane - these are the two membranes found in between the shell andthe egg white. These help protect the egg frombacteria Ar el isthe air-filled pocket between the white and the shell atthe large end HOMEGROWN 21of the egg. It can be seen as the indent in the egg white when you hard boil an egg. When an egg is aid itis around 41°C, the fg then cools and the liquid condenses, forming the air cel. It gets larger as the egg ages. ‘As mentioned earlier ~ egg shells come in variations of brawn, white, green or blue, and can also have different variations of speckles. Shell colour will vary with different breeds of chickens; asa general rule white feathered birds such as the Leghora will produce white or cream coloured eggs. brown or reddish coloured birds such as the Rhode Island Red will produce brown eggs. However there are breeds such as the Ameraucana which can produce unusual bluey green eggs. 22 HOMEGROWN You may have noticed yalk colour can alco differ from light yellow through to deep oranges. The colour of egg yolks is determined by what a chicken eats, The colour of the yolk comes from substances called carotenoids which are natural pigments found in some plants it does not affect the nutritional value of the egg. Carotenoids are found mare in some feeds that chickens eat such as com, alfalfa and grass meals. This is why free range hens are mare likely to praduce richer coloured egg yolks, 25 they usually graze on a variety of plant materials. Double yolkers are when there are ‘wo yolks found within the one egg, They are formed when ovulation occurs too rapidly -two ovules are released from the chickens oviduct almost simultaneously and then they end up being enclosed within the same shell There is nothing wrang with ‘these eggs and they can be consumed just like any ther Fresh hen's egg. ‘Yournay have noticed that sometimes ‘agreen ring around the yolk forms ina hardboiled egg, This isharmless itis simply ‘the result ofa reaction between the iran and sulphur compounds ofthe egg, Youcan tryto.avold green yolks by not overcooking the 1g using the proper temperature and by rapidly cooling boiled eggs. Inthe food pyramid, you wil se that 4g fallinto the protein foods category because they are a great source of protein (ne serve (two 50g eggs) cansupaly approximately 25% ofan adult's of 30% af a childs recommended daly intake of pratein, Importantly thy also contain al the essential aminoacids that humans need Fat content is considered easonable, with two eggs providing around 15% of aur recommended dail fat consumption. 285 provide a range of vitamins and minerals required fr health body funtion, Two eggs provide us with + Almost half of our diy folate requirement + 22% oF our daily vitamin A requirement +1436 four daly iron requirements + 59% of our daily selenium requirement: seleniumsanimportant dietary mineral sich helps in thyroig function and antioxidant protection + As well as quantities of vitaminO. White Leghorn vitamin B12, potassium and magnesium Brown Rhode Island Red, Orpingtons + PLUS eggs are yummy and extremely tile for cooking, You can have them fried, serambled boiled or poached and they canbe used ina variety of sweet and savoury dishes, and you can se them rawin smoothies, power shakes and milk shakes y y vu Sitie Bontoms toy ‘smaller sized eggs Green or Blue Ameraucana Its important to collect your eggs every day; this helps to prevent broody hens I also means they willbe collected and stared properly - which means Fresher eggs when you goto eat them as they will nat have been left inthe elements for days ‘on end, Collecting your eggs every day also means you can check an and monitor you chickens’ health daly ‘There is no need to wash them after you have collected them; eggs have a protective coating which keeps bacteria ‘ut, and washing the eggs destroys the protective coating. If they are muddy ar Girt you can gently wipe dirty eggs with ‘wrung out, damp, clean cloth or damp paper towel ithYu can either store your eggs ina bowl or egg carton in the fridge, or depending on the temperature, you could also store them ina bowl or carton in a cool shady spat inthe kitchen, Its recommended they be stored under 20°C, Refrigerated eggs tend toast longer, They should be stored with the large end up a this helps forthe yolk to remain centred, Balanced diet ~ providing your chickens with a complete and balanced diet willhelp ensure the quality of your home gronn eggs. 50 what should you feed your feathered friends to ensure they give you yummy eggs? A quality chicken pellet should pravide chickens with everything they need to remain healthy. They should be allowed to graze on pasture daly this supplements ther diet with fresh fibrous grasses andpratein rich bugs and worms. Chicken treats - your chickens will also enjoy pecking at a variety of fresh kitchen scraps such as fruit, vegetables, bread, cereal, pasta rice or noodles (preferably wholegrain rather than white). However scraps should not form a mejar proportion oftheir diet as scraps, when given in excess, can adversely affect egg, production. A good rule of thumb is to give them no more then they can consume within about 15 minutes, And avoid feeding, citrus, potato peels, onions, avocado and egg shells as these promote ogg pecking! ‘Weak shells shes cn sometimes become weak and break easily and this can become a problem if chickens start to peck at and break the weak egg shells- they can became egg eaters, This is @hard habit to break. Itisbestto avoid this behaviour from developing by making sure you provide your chickens with a consistent supply of good quality shel grit. Shel grit provides chickens with calcium which gives them strong bones and strong, gg shells. It also aid thie digestion as the grit helps grind up food inthe chickens gizzard (since they don'thave teeth to manvally break dawn their foo). 4 24 HOMEGROWN your hens are off the lay or you dont have the time or space to keep them and you gointoa shop and lookat the prices of eggs you will see a huge variation. So why wauld you choose ta pay ‘around $10.00 far organic free range eges when you could pay 2 fraction of tis for caged conventional eggs? The answer is simple. They are worth t. Not only are you respecting the hen which produces your egg by paying the farmer to keep itina humane way which honours our feathered friends, but you are also paying for her tobe fed chemical and GMO free feed and kept in a chemical free environment. You also get the added benefit ofall the goodness which the hen will select out in the pasture and range area to give toher eg Conventional 'free range’ eggs are kept in large sheds where ‘twenty thousand birds or more have to compete for enough space to stand up. If they are allowed outside on a regular basis they would strip any edible vegetation withthe range area from the shed. Even some ofthe larger organic producers are guilty ofthis. Ifyou want tohave areal free range egg then choose organic but also look for an endorsement from Humane Choice, Avoid the large supermarket brands and buy from farmers’ markets or smaller retailers. Supermarkets force their suppliers to cut costs. One way the producer does this is by overstocking. Eggs are particularly susceptible to chemical cantamination, sof there are nasty chemicals in the feed or on the Farm then they willbe picked up and concentrated in the egg, Organic eggs are naturally free from chemicals But the main reason you should choose organic eggs isthe taste, You can fel the goodness revitalising your body as you enjoy them. ki of Organigraw organic eggs please visitGOT CHOOKS? ‘ rods nhs atin? i ey eae a J ganig gl ovr Dd y / open see srhoi sine te GRANDPAS /, Se FEEDERS eno chemicals a al thei fed is 100% cert organi See Automatic eres erg aso pret shaterosiitsdotsteneimensoes | Chook Feeder Guinatsjcaniantanagseoasenars Y Feeder id opens fScesinrssainsenst tetany when chicken tun to ppt kung tt eceeeeiecerumeeres| st2nds on platform (Or ror suseser gocaee gus juste Strongly Sesdoesbnsistpealvesiamasl constructed with ne theteyeteeceeraehameccms galvanized steel ‘tenet a hee yo, Water proof GRANDPA FEEDERS, ecg an sl New Zaman ad Atala 15 os ove ecome 42 Months. 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Here’s a list of sensible ideas and guidelines from the Commonwealth of Australia’s Department of Industry to help you keep cool within your budget.Get your home’summer’ ready “There are a number of ways to reduce the summer heat in your home before turning ‘onmechanical cooling * Direct sunlight on windows can produce as much heat as a radiator, s0 shade exterior windows (especially north and west facing anes) with blinds and windows inside, and awnings or pergolas outside Deciduous trees, bushes or vines outside windows and walls will also provide heat protection in summer Close windows and curtains during the hottest part of the day to keep out heat and save on coaling costs. When it cools down outside, lower the inside temperature by opening your home up to the evening breeze. Create airflow by ‘pening windows or doors on oppasite sides ofthe room. If you don’t have insulation, you could bbe wasting up to half the energy you use to cool your home by allowing coal air to leak out and hot air to enter. Don' forget to draught-praof your home by sealing gaps around windows ‘and doors—this helps keep cool air in ‘and hot air out, Weather strips and the traditional sand-filled ‘sausage dogs! {are cheap and easy options, Electrical appliances and lighting can pump out heat too, so turn off lights computers and televisions when notin use and try to use the dishwasher or washing machine inthe cooler parts of the day, Avoid using the oven in the middle ofthe day. Even your choice of light globes can make a difference to the heat in arom, Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) emit less heat than older style light globes, are far more energy efficient and can last four to 10 times longer. Cooling choices ‘Once you've taken advantage of any relevant passive cooling options. the next step isto choose appropriate cooling for your situation, Youll need to take into ‘account your local climate to decide how ‘often youll need cooling throughout the year. Other factors include the size of the ‘area to be cooled, and whether youll need to.ool the air itself or iF creating a coal ‘breeze will be enough, Considering energy efficiency ‘alongside comfort will help you to keep running casts down while achieving. the temperature you require. Do your esearch so you get the best option For your circumstances, uch as choosing inverter driven fan motors rather than standard models for evaporative coolers ‘and ir conditioners, as they use much less power. Tohandle a hot summer, three main 2. Evaporative coolers 3 Air conditioners Fans Fans are the cheapest cooling option with the lowest greenhouse effect. Fans can be fixed on ceilings and walls, or can be portable table and floor models. To get the most from this option ensure you + Choose the most efficient fan motor available to save on energy use You can do this by comparing the power consumption and ar flow rate of different units. An efficient fan producing 140 cubic metres of airflow minute typically has a power of 75 watts. + Use your fan as your first cooling ‘option, switching to an air conditioner when it becomes too warm and uncomfortable, You can also use your fan ta make cooling from your air conditioner more effective. [After cooling the raom with yaur air conditioner you can switch it off and turn on the Fanta circulate the conditioned air, reducing the amaunt of ‘energy you need to cool your home. «Sitting a bowl of water in front of afan helps to distribute moisture and has @ cooling effect. + Remember, Fans cool people, not rooms, so turn them off when you leave the Evaporative coolers Evaporative coolers work by blowing air ‘over afilm af water ona filter ar sponge, cooling the sponge and the ar. They can Homegrown 27,be avery effective choice in many areas of southern and inland Australia, but are less effective on humid days and in humid climates. Moderately cheap to buy and run, evaporative coolers use around half of the energy consumed by an air conditioner of similar capacity—and far less for some ‘models. Portable and ducted models are available. Keepin mind: + Newer whole-house ducted systems can be fitted with electronic thermastats and timers, The option to un some units off solar electricity panel makes them an attractive energy-saving option. * Ducted evaporative coolers are also available with inverter driven fan mators, ‘and these use much less power than those without, especially on the Lower fan speeds, + Yau need to consider the water use from an evaporative cooling system— this can range fram 4 litres hour For portable systems to 25 ltres/hour for central systems. Check that your system will comply with any water restrictions in place in your area + When in use youll need to leave some doors and windows open to allow the hot air to escape from the house, * To get the best out of your system, carry cout regular maintenance ta keep the filter clean Air conditioning I you have an air conditioner, use it only ‘when you have to and don't over-cool, Set the temperature between 25 and 27°C Setting the thermostat to even one ‘degree higher can save between S and 10, 28 HOMEGROWN | We +" fi ‘Blinds help keep out | the hot summer 30%) —— per cent on your energy use. Consider buying 8 programmable thermostat for your air conditioner so that you can set it to uit your schedule and needs. If your air conditioner has a component such as ‘a compressor that sits outside, try to provide it with some shading it's sitting in full sun it has to work harder than it needs to, You might be able to use shading plants or an awning over awindow. The size and type of air conditioner best suited to's room or your home will vary greatly based on a number of Factors including local climate, room and house size, ceiling height, insulation levels, area cof windows and thelr orientation, The Austealian Institute of Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heating has an onlin calculator to help you work out the capacity ofthe air conditioner you need. This can be a good way of getting an initial estimation af the siz ofthe unit required, however, its stillbest to consult with an industry expert or experienced installer for a final decision on the right size and type of air conditioner. Points to remember + To save money on running costs, choose ‘the most efficient model you can afford, ie. the one with the most stars. Models with inverters are generally ‘the most efficient with energy savings of up to 30 per cent as compared to standard units, + If your air conditioner is not installed correctly or maintained properly it won't operate efficiently, costing youmore ctl installed and se such as cleaning regulorly help reduce 10s your air conditioner towork as hard. in energy bills and creating a negative impact on the environment. ‘Turn aff when leaving the room for 8 period of time, or use the timer to make sure that you are only cooling your room when and as much as you require. See the free consumer guides on the Australian Refrigeration Council website for information on how to choose, install and ‘maintain your air conditioner. Portable air conditioners Portable air conditioners (sometimes called spot coolers) are not as efficient as other cooling options but are popular due to their loner purchase price and ease to install. They can also be an option for people inrental accommodation. Running costs can quickly add up over @ hot summer resulting in higher energy bills They are noisier and can also require bigher maintenance than a fixed aie conditioner Portable air conditioners are not fully portable as they usually come with tube that Feeds out through a window ‘to remave the warm air. Ta save energy and greenhouse gases, look fora unit that comes with fan-only ar evaporative cooler options. Helpful websites: The Australion Institute of Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heating’s online calculator: www foiraiccom.ou Australion Refrigeration Council website for information on how to choose, install ‘and mointoin your air conditioner: wwnlookforthetick.com.ou/download: ree-oir-conditioning-guide/ ccNeer Celtel mor liy<-) BU eal a Ce er Tree Cee Cyne 6 coal seam Gas/ ey Live Sustainably TR ead Ba) eee | eT Remi E yi Piece anied a es ant re oad poser) Beene itty eed cory Deal want stingless native [tok cd bees pristine forest and forage plants to environments Seapets re 4 Peers Pane Certara BSc iton ia) ou honey Australia i the only country free Breed ey ers destructor and we can combat income and be engaged ceed At One Bees Connect at myatone.com> 2 a mmer Survival our Gardew Australian summers are famous for their high temperatures, long days and lower rainfall. Healthy plants are more able to cope with the stress of summer, so ensure your garden is ready to withstand the conditions with some smart choices and good preparation. Take stock in the garden In those first hot weeks of summer everyone can get distracted enjoying the warm weather but it’s during this time that your garden can start looking alittle worse for wear, Nowis the perfect time toa doa ‘garden inventory and decide what plants canbe saved, what needs to go and pick any new additions you'd like to add, Youll be amazed at what a quick tidy up can do, to your garden Tackle weeds early so they don “t ‘compete with your lawn and plants for precious water and nutrients, and feed the whole garden with Earthcore Complete Gorden Food to promote healthy growth and loads of flowers and fruit. If you do decide to pick some new plants, make sure you go fora long-lasting, heat-hardy plant varieties and dont forget that inthe first few weeks they will ned supplementary water atthe base of the plant to get into the existing root system Apply Earthcore Soil Soaker to pots and ‘garden beds to make sure any water you apply can soak deep into the raat zone of your plants Fertilise and muleh the garden bends and containers to keep moisture inand weeds toa minimum. Try an organic soil improver such as Earthcore Sugarcane Mulch. if youre planning on going away, group ‘outdoor pot plants together in the shade and sit them in saucers of water, while indoor potted plants should be placed in shallow bath of water Fine-looking flowers and foliage Decorative pots with brightly coloured annuals lke petunia, impatiens, marigolds 30 HoNeGROWN and snap dragons area great way to add ‘pop of colour to specific areas of the ‘garden, however not all summer colour needs to come fam flawers, Foliage can also introduce beautiful tones and colourations to your garden from reds, ‘oranges and yellows through to purples, ‘greens and metallic silver and gold tones. Plants native t tropical climate such as Coleus, come in many colours and can also take a decent amaunt of heat as long as, they are planted in good soil that is kept ‘maist. Condition the soil by adding organic matter, such as Earthcore Grogonic Soil Improver and a well-ratted manure to improve soil structure and help retain maisture and cutrient. Love the locals One of the best ways to identify plants that wll thrive in your gardens to take a look at what grows well locally. For inspiration why not take a stroll around the neighbourhood and see what's thriving in people's gardens and the local parks, and then head to your local Plants Plus gerden centre to ask for advice. The experts at Plants Plus can also help identify suitable plants from similar environments that willlove the Australian summer in your backyard. Water well Plants Plus recommends the following Four tips to-conserve water while reducing moisture loss in the garden during summer: L.To avoid excess evaporation, water at the start and end of the day. either before sunrise or after the sun has ‘gone down, 2.Water thoroughly ance ar twice a week rather than a light daily watering, Tis will lencaurage the raats to grow down deeper into the soil improving their drought tolerance. 3. Water the base of your plants not the foliage - the roots are where the plant needs water mest. 4.Consider installing a drip irrigation system that delivers water directly to the plants root system, Lovely lawns Some lawns have ahigh demand for water, but with the right care, you canstillhave a beautiful, water-wise lawn, To keep your lavn healthy fertilise it regularly during the growing season and concentrate on keeping it watered during summer, Start by aerating your lawn to ensure that water canget right down to the roots and then wien you do water, doit atthe end of the day, watering it deeply and less often. Using the higher cutting settings on your mower will also help, while raking up the clippings immediately wll ensure the water reaches the roats. Sugar Cane) oe BY or“Solve Your Bird Problems” With my Hawk Bird Scarer OR your money back guaranteed. etctepeaacsoven wv hawitbrdcrer som 1 1 1 No QUIBBLE MONEY BACK GUARANTE ' INTRODUCES A NEW PRODUCT TO IT’S CERTIFIED ORGANIC RANGE PowerFeed ORGANIC Australian © exits Sram certified organic fish fertiiser. suitable forall plants including natives. a —< es Daa ELCs naturally ensures the maximum nutrients and trace elements are easily available to plans naturally conditions the sol through its highly active liquid compost. ‘Works immediately whether applied tothe solo foliage. HOMEGROWN 31‘The heady days of spring are full of scent and colour, and you can extend that soaring feeling well into summer if you choose your plants carefully. By John Mason, Adriana Fraser and Gavin Cole The following top 10 scented plants have been chosen for their wonderfully fragrant summer Flowers and foliage. They each will grow wel in pots, on a patio or near the door, ifthe area receives sunlight ‘every day ~ or, of course, out in the garden. Mast can be brought inside for periods of time, They tend to flower well, and donot cause allergic reactions tothe majority of people. These plants are also relatively trouble-free plants with few pest and disease problems. Try planting scented plants along pathways so that you brush them as you walk past to release their scent + Curry plant (Helichrysum italicum)~this 1s a must for the summer scented garden, Hot temperatures release the fragrant curry scant, as does the slightest breeze ‘or touch. Tis plant thrives in summer heat (but aot too much humility) and is quite pest and disease resistant. ‘Korma! ‘and’Nana’ are popular cultivars. Nana'sHeat- when temperature is raised (eg. by placing a potted plant indirect sunlight) molecules which carry odours became mare volatile and release ‘more oftheir fragrance. Humidity - when humiity incraases there s less transpiration and evaporation from plant leaves. so some odours tend ta linger for longer. a great, neat edging plant that remains tidier less woody and grows alot smaller than the main species plant. I's a tough plant that also does wel in pts. Bring itindoors For short periods only. Prune straight after Flowering to keep it bust. + Gardenias - these have low light requirements whether indoors or out = plant them in indirect light in an acid soll mix. They have a reputation for being the prima dnnas af the garden but if you keep them well-fed in moist, well-drained soll or potting mix they will row vigorously. Grow them where theyil receive morning sunlight only, and keep a close eye out for pests such a aphids, caterpillars, brown and white scale and hibiscus beetles, Act early upon detection ~ and they will reward you. This plant loves regular fertiliser [every two ‘months) and thrives on liquid fertiliser applications, Prune in autumn by up t cone third ‘Lavender ~ @ garden favourite which also does well in pots. Once again, ‘only bring them indoors for short periods otherwise you may compromise flowering, There are many cultivars available but for pots the smaller varieties are the best eg. Lavandula Hideote' or L. Munstead! They are quite isease-resistant but can suffer from Fungal diseases in humid conditions ~ 9, make sure that they get plenty of air mavement around them and pop them outside at night. Prune after Flowering by removing one third of the romth, “Lemon verbena ~ a lovely woody shrub that will grow wall in pots. Orange or lemon-scented foliage varieties are available, and the leaves can be used to ‘make a delicious tea. These plants can be brought indoors for very shart periods Keop this plant well-trimmed to promote ‘bushy shrub.Lots of scented plants that grow wel plantedin pots can be grown indoors: so why not liven up both the garden and your home withthe flowers and scents of summer? ‘Mix itup if you ike; rotating pots of scented plants inside and out, creating ‘a continually changing affect around the home, Just remember though: indoors is rot a natural environment for plants ~ they tend to Flower Far shorter periads indoors and are not as healthy in the long term. The inside envionment is cifferent in a umber of ways: + Light conditions may be lower - far some plants this can result in ewer flowers. + Carbon dioxide levels can be higher {from people breathing) - particulary if the hause is not well-ventilated ‘Direct sunlight through a window can act Tike a magnifying glass and burn tender plant tissues. +Roats can dry out faster - because the root mass isin a confined space. “No rain means lower fertility because rainfall contains nitrogen-bearing molecules ~ mains water isnt as nitrogen rich. + Fumes and cold air from air-conditioning, nits and heating can also affect the health of plants, “Dust can clog the pores of leaves. + High humidity inside a house can couse fungal diseases to spread quickly Another important thing to consider is that scented plants may be more noticeable in confined spaces, Whilst there are some scented plants which are loved by most people, others can cause some people to have allergic reactions ~ particularly when the air becomes laden with the plant’s fragrance and pollen, It may be that your whole family loves the ‘smell of jasmine, but the same scent may ‘cause your neighbours’ eyes to water, ‘or perhaps trigger a sneezing fit or asthma attack! Choosing a plant species carefully can help you overcome this problem. The scent of lavender or mint, for example, is mare innocuaus and may bbe a wonderful experience for all.So, the fa aia best approach is to choose species that are suitable for most people and which cause the least problems. This applies both indoors and out. The main thing you need to remember with most flowering plants is that to get a lot of flowers you need sunlight for at least six hours per day. Direct sunlight also causes plants torelease scents, and this is especially so for plants with aromatic foliage such as lavender, and curry plants. Other plants such as roses also need reasonably long periods of sunlight to lower well. Some, however will lowers with less light - flower carpet roses are a goad example. These will stil Flower with just four or Five hours of sunlight a day, sa if you want to bring a potted one indoors you can, provided you place it ina well-lit area Most of the flower carpet range is also very disease-resistant, but choose carefully because not all are fragrant.“+ Marigolds - these include bath the Deadhead them regularly to promote ‘are scented, but al are tough and some French types(Tagetes) and Pot Marigold more blooms. Ths plant is relatively pest Flower Carpet varieties will grow wel (Calendula) Marigolds do need sun to and disease resistant. with less light. They are also a good flower well so ace best planted inpats or *Miniature or carpet roses although not choice far pots on the baleany or patio, window boxes that are placed ina sunny the obvious choice far an indoor plant, Trim them often to pramote new flowers position, ar directly in an open garden if given a sunny position near awindow and bushy growth, but don't prune them position. They are easy-care annuals they can be brought inside for short back hard that will need replacing each season, periods. lt is best to choose fromthe _* Scented carnations (Dianthus species) although they do tend to self-ceed varieties which are resistant to black = also called pinks’ these plants at readily inthe garden. They have stunning spot disease, such as the Flower Carpet stalwart of the cattage garden. They yellow through toright arange flawers. or Brindabellaranges. Not all varieties _aresmall,hardy ground-hugging plants Like exotics, native plants are capable of producing arange of diferent fragrances. | HOP*¥ Some, suchas Lemon Scented Myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) have avery Citrus refreshing citrus smell, whereas others like Old Socks (Grevllealeucopteris) Fruity would unsettle even the most hardened of nasal passages. Fordifferent types of Mint scent try the following: OF course, there are many other aaa ‘examples within each native species. It 1a question of working out which odours ‘most appeal to you and then trying to find Musky plants which emit those smells Hakea suaveolens (Sweet Scented Hakea) ‘Melaleuca argentea (Silver Paperbark) Eucalyptus staigeriana (Lemon Scented Ironbark) Backhousia citriodora (Lemon Scented Myrtle) Hymenosporum flavum (Native Frangipani) Cynoglossum suaveolens (Sweet Hound's Tongue) ‘Eucalyptus radiata (Narrow Leaved Peppermint) ‘Mentha australis (River Mint) ‘Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) Lomandra effusa (Scented Mat Rush) Melaleuca nodosa (Prickly Leaved Paperbark) Caladenia angustata (Pink Fingers Orchid)+ Provide the right light conditions for the plant -both inside and outdoors. “Dead head regularly by sipping off spent flawers ~ this encourages the plant to produce more flowers + Fertilise regularly bt take care to not overdo nitrogen as this will produce ots of leaves atthe expense of flowers. Seasolis a great tonic for potted plants andis very difficult to. ‘overdo, When mixed with fish emulsion it makes aperfect all-round fertiliser. + Water your plants regularly but if they arepotted dont saturate the mix keep itslightly moist butnot wet: + For indoor plants or potted plants for the balcony or veranda, always use the best quality potting mix + Consider pre-potted plants such as the potted colour range they last longer than a bunch of flowers. + Check for pests or diseases and act eaty! 36 HOMEGROWN that have extremely fragrant flowers with a cloverlke scent (hence their ‘ther common name-‘clove-scented + Sweet racket (Hesperis matronalis) ~ a {reat plant to have near the back door so you can see the white or mauve coloured flowers, and the fragrant scent can waft inside on a warm summer's evening, They are a short lived perennial that is easy to care for and wil self-sow in the garden, + Thyme ~a great plant forthe summerherb garden whichis easy to grow in pots andis Feasonably pest and disease free. There are ‘many species available from low ground- jecies hugging mat types through to woody, perennial sub-shrubs. The fragrances range Fram lemon through to caraway and even a ‘gorgeous lavender-scented variety. I you want to ring thyme indoors make sure you only da so for very short camations}). These little gems do wellin pots or as edging plants inthe garden, They are very disease-resistant and have no particular pests to speak of. They must be grown in a sunny position, 0 you want to bring them indoors, do 0 for very short periads of time only. Deadhead to promote more flowers. + Scented pelargoniums there are ‘many different scented foliage s including: apple, coconut, rose, cinnamon, rutmeg, peppermint and many more! A breeze or the slightest touch eleases their scent. Dont overwater these plants asit encourages fungal diseases - they need air movernent around the plants petiods.Placeina wellit 000 pop them outside at night for 2 ——_spatar on a sunny window breather if youwant to try them indoors. sil They can alsa be prone to white-flies and aphids ~ hase these off assoonas Further reading Scente youdetect them, Other than that they Plants -0 are fairly carefree, bt forthe larger varieties such as the rase-scented types ‘make sure you pinch out the new growth often as they can become unruly.STUDY Pet Care Pet 100% cotton reusable ¥ comfortable ¥ economical washable ¥ environmentally friendly ” Australian made. Courses in: a an AT Ny cloth menstruaVincontinence pads 19 Psychology holo. raining & Training ‘Animal Grooming Aquarium Management Horse Care Horse Breeding Poultry Goat Husbandry SPECIAL OFFER Mention Home Grown Magazin fora cloth bag with purchase (0408 517 796 info@rad-pads.com PTA bere Ree) www.acs.edu.au/courses/pet-care-courses.aspx ’a Run On Sun Australia RECS Cana Ree SO oer A a CA Lee kaon ted Rebate between $525-$1090 for everyone while it lasts. Hi-energy evacuated tube solar water heaters with the tank on the roof. Gas or electric boosted models. Premium marine grade stainless steel tanks. Heat pipe technology, no water inside the tubes. Solid stainless steel frames and roof mounting kits included. Rebate between $1050-$1760 for everyone while it lasts. art High energy evacuated tube solar ‘ water heaters with the tank on the Tubular gel batteries ground and the solar collector on | For remote power systems. SS] the roof. Choice of frame angles. | Batteries, solar panels, Inverters é and charge controllers. Hybrid inverters for grid Connect includes batteries And solar panels. Incorporating the best of both worlds, solar panels & batteries. Uses grid power as a last resort. HOMEGROWN. 37,Eco-friendly Australia is spoilt for choice when it comes to choosing that next water-based holiday destination. But, what’s more, it is possible, convenient, and affordable to make eco-friendly water-based holiday choices. or one of the hottest and driest Continents in the world, Australia boasts some of the most spectacular water wonders: 36,000kms of coastline; 8,222 islands several thousand kilometres of rivers, crecks and waterways ~ the Murray Darling River system, which flows through four states, is the third longest navigable river in the world stretching across 3672kms; the largest underground water basin in the world, the Great Artesian Basin, feeds several inland springs and lakes; and, not forgetting one of the seven natural wonders of the world 38 HOMEGROWN the Great Barrier Reef, which is more than 2,600kms and the biggest living organism on earth, Tourism s big business in Australia and Australians love to travel to these places. According to Tourism Research Australia, Australians spent more than $70 billion dollars holidaying, in ‘Australian the 12 months from March 2013 to March 2014, and slept 287 million nights away from home. ‘And those figures are expected to grow, “Tourism will always grow and we should bbe aiming ta minimise our impact on the places we visit? says Emily Elis from Ecotourism Australia Ecotourism Australia was one of the first certification organisations in the World to assess the quality of tourist providers’ efforts to offer facilities and activities that supported the conservation of Australias natural and cultural heritage. ‘An Ecotourism Australia badge is 3 badge of quality! Emily says. “Consumers who choose a destination with that badge know they are purchasing quality product: But. most importantly the badge recognises that these providers have initiatives in placeEe er eae Sail away from it all Recently, Ron and Petrina Caomer and their four children, from Mackay in North ‘Queensland, took a holiday that whisked ‘thems faraway from their busy lives as was possible, and yet they only had t travel ‘wo hours north to Shute Harbour. There they hired a wind-pawered catamaran from ‘one of the many charter boat companies, ‘and set sal forsixnights for one of the most peaceful wecks oftheir family life. Instead of updating their status ‘on social media, they tuned into the mainland’s radio support of a morning to charter their day's course and receive the daily weather and sailing report Instead ‘of logging on to explore the cyber worls by search engine, they dived deep with snorkels to explore underworld by flipper ‘and duck dives. And instead of setting an ‘alarm clock, they case withthe sun and went to sleep under a blanket of bright stars, drugged drowsy by along sunset ‘and the gentle lapping of calm waters. “We had a lavely and quiet six days aboard our eight-brth catamaran’ Petrina sid, “And we often had to work together to chart our course and work the sails? “We barely used the fuel on board and managed to sail where we wanted to go by the power of the wind! Ron said. “It was a pretty affordable and easy holiday for a family of six? "We had plenty of things to da! Amelia, the oldest, said, "We played cards, strummed our guitars, and just sat back ‘and stared at the sky and the endless water! "The boys loved the snorkelling and fishing and were so tired at night they devoured their meals and went straight tobed, It was the earliest we had gone to bed of anight and then rose of a morning, in years’ Petrina added, ead tominimise the impact on the natural and cultural heritage ofthe areat So, when it comes to browsing that long, list of appealing water-based destinations, consider accommodation facilites, tours and activities that have been certified by Ecotourism Australia. The organisation has a directory of providers ~ accommodation, tours and tour guides ~ that have met their standards and mission to minimise impact and conserve the natural and cultural heritage significance of the destination. “The facilities range in cost and style, and many ofthese providers are water-based and offer water-based activities Places to go and things to do Perhaps the easiest way to reduce cur carbon footprint when it comes to holidaying isto take fewer and smaller steps to our destination, Wherever you lve in Australia, you are never far froma getaway that will refresh and energise you with the natural power of water. More than ever, Australians are looking todiscannect from their busy digital driven lives and reconnect with each other in natural settings, and these destinations need to be easy and quick to get to- the more time spent reconnecting with nature, the better. And choosing activities that connect us with nature in the closest possible way i the best antidote to cure us of ourtech-stressed existence Every state and territory boasts sbout and invites visitors to enjoy their unique places of interest. The following list is not exhaustive: we would need as many pages a5 there are megalitres of water to tell you all about them, Northern Territory + Litchfield National Park offers the Buley Rockhale and the Florence, Talmi and Wangi Falls to swim in and camp alongside. + The MacDonnell Ranges also boast unique and spectacular water destinations, suchas Ormiston Gorge and ound, and Glen Helen Gorge to do some good old-fashioned bush walking. + Kakadu National Park, Katherine Gorge and Arahem Land offer many opportunities to see and experience Indigenous Aboriginal Heritage andits ancient connectian with water-based wonders: gorges, waterfalls, creeks and billabong. Queensland * Airlie Beach and the Whitsunday Islands are often packed with tourists from all OWN 39cover the globe, but you can get away from them al by taking a sal boat (no licence or experience needed) around its protected waters, + Sometimes the beach along Fraser Island seems like a highway, but then it offers many campgraunds, from the very remote to those that suit the glampers, as well as, eco-certified resorts. + Cairns, Port Douglas, Mission Beach and the Daintree, whereitis possible tosee the rainforest meet the reef, are the mest Convenient and closest ports toreach the Great Barrier Reef. Enjoy crocodile spotting: cruises and coral-iving (and snorkelling] adventures allin ane day + Cape York i for serious campers, boating enthusiasts, and wildlife spotters (ecpecially ofthe crac kind) but the drive north tothe tipi dotted with many types of campgrounds and eco-friendly resorts, * Camping and surfing go together like your ankle nits strap along NSW's coastline and beaches. Visit Bryon Bay, ‘Angourie Beach, Fingal Bay, Crescent Head, Lennox Head, and the iconic Mereweather Beach +The drive south t National Parks where you can walk and fs you through several Phat courtesy of Turin Ae Conservation Volunteers was founded in Ballarat in 1982 by farmer Tim Cox and 3 ‘small group of conservationists planting trees on the weekend. Now itis vibrant organisation with an active vision to involve ‘everyone in protecting and managing a healthy and sustainable environment. Conservation Volunteers undertakes ‘many projects that are powered by volunteers, and one ofthe many ‘opportunities on offer is packaged and affordable holidays to participate in the Conservation of some of Australia's most fragile natural environments. Volunteers can take a walk along the Great Ocean Road in Victoria for three days, stay in an eco-eccredited hostel, and take part in conservation activities. Volunteers can take a three-day trip ta Montague Island in NSW, stay in a converted lighthouse and participate in penguin monitoring and land-based whale ‘monitoring. Volunteers can take a five-day trip to Cobourg Peninula, where they can help clean up debris and rubbish along the shoreline,4 : i 5 camp beside the lakes, rivers and the beach: Bournda National Park is famous for its secluded and remote camping spots. Once you hit the South Coast, again, you are availed of many af Australia's iconic coastal destinations: Jervis Bay for surfing; and the Sapphire coast for its walking. exploring, beachcombing and vwhale-watching adventures. Board a paddle steamer, or rent a houseboat on the Murray-Darling River wiere you can enjoy a natural and cultural experience ike none other inthe world Victoria's and South Australia’s coastlines are renowned for their sheer magnificence and scale. Several operators offer walking holidays along. the coastlines, think Great Ocean Road and the Fleurieu, Eyre and Yorke Peninsulars ~ anditis easy to leave only footprints and take only award-winning Photographs. From Broome in the north you can experience the sunset over the Indian Ocean while stroling along the 22km ae ‘Pra. stretch of Cable Beach, arguably the ‘most awe-inspiring beach scenery in Australia, + Broome's southern cousin, Esperence, boasts Australias whitest beach at Lucky Bay. + And just three hours coach ride southwest from Perth is Australia’s premier white wine region, Margaret River. It isthe only wine-growing region in Australia adjacent to stunning beaches and awesome surf breaks ~ everyone's a winner. + One fifth of Tasmania - 1.4 milion hectares ~ is the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage area, You don't have to {20 far to get away from it all - including ‘mabile and Internet coverage + Lake St Clair Lodge is one af only two accommodation facilities, in the world, built within the boundary of a World Heritage Listed area. It is compelled tomake extensive and long-term commitments to ecotourism + Tasmania's west coast is rugged. wild ‘and remate for serious wilderness adventurers, and in contrast, ts east coast is ahistory buffs paradise There are many wonderful reasons why Arle trsen es living and holidaying in Australia is so ‘appealing, One reason, which invariably comes to the topof our lists the outstanding beauty of our landscape, and the rch variety of spectacular natural destinations that feature the majesty and power of water The list of destinations is long: however, the message is short: their health, beauty and resilience are the very reason we regard these destinations highly and have them on our bucket list. Now, mare than ever, we are compelled and equipped to make sustainable holiday choices. The mare we come to understand the outstanding value of Australia's natural and cultural heritage, the more we realise that their conservation is vital to their management. Contact information Ecotourism Austrolia. 07 3252 1530 www ecotourismorg.au eco@ecotourismorgau Conservation Volunteers 035330 2600 www.conservationvolunteers.com.au info@conservationvolunteers.com.auen w Blueberry Vaccinium spp Ce Written by Mark Dann Horticulturist (Horticulture Marketing Coordinator for PlantNet) lebries ae nln fort Baten inmune system sing Mah enol conmption Mth tresddedplsof get and Ssvse prostate pl theyre agrest Catntoenontshone garde Tips for groning blueberries: Site selection and planting Selecta site that has full sun most ofthe ay for best results There are a number of blueberry varieties availabe tothe home gardener. Not all of these can be grown in warm or subtropical climates, so always check this outwith your nursery before purchasing plant. In summer in temperatures over 35°C, plants wil benefit feom some minor shade to stop plant foliage being burnt by the sun ‘Many home gardeners have planted blueberries inthe ground only to find that plants die within six months. There are ‘many contributing feasons fortis. Low pH [blueberries needa pH of between 45 and 5.5), poor drainage and compacted soil conditions. Blueberry plants thrive in an open sail mix which allan thei Fibrous root system to spread without matting together Considering all ofthe above the best way for you to have contro over these aspects isto grow bluabersies in pots. Potting media shouldbe 50 per cent course pine bark (10mm-20mmin size) and 50 per cent of a premium quelty Camelia/Azalea potting mix. Ad a good quality three-month slow release fertiliser 42. HOMEGROWNGeena to your potting media and mixin well. This combination gives you nice well drained, ‘open mix, with a pH in the correct range Always add a thin layer of pine bark to the top ofthe pot to help protect Fine feeder roots from the sun. pH can be checked ifrequired by purchasing a pH soil test kit fram your nearest garden centee or hardware store. These are simple to use and are ideal for checking soil pH over your total garden area. If pH is high apply horticultural sulphur as per manufacturer's instructions. Without an open potting mix all Blueberry varieties will only have a life of around two years in pots. The mix mentioned above will extend the plants life well beyond ths, Popul * NEW Blueberry Burst = isan Australian bred, evergreen, early season fruiting naturally dwarfing variety which grows 0.75m to Im inheight and is characterised by its enormous fruit size which isa crisp fleshed blueberry with 3 lowacid flavour. tis self-polinatin,Itis ‘low chill arn chill variety selected for coastal climates such as Queensland, but will also crop just as wel in cold climates, flowering begins in autumn ready for ‘ruiting in late winter and spring, andit fruits for three months, + Sharp Blue ~is suited te low to medium chilling areas, Its okay for milder climates: it requires 200-300 chill hours ‘Sharp Blue will bloom and fruit in most ‘areas of Australia, however may struggle toset fruit during warmer winters in coastal Queensland, A semi evergreen bush Sharp Blue is recommended in ‘areas with mild winters where frosts ‘are uncommon. Upright, spreading bush reaching 1.5m to 1.8m in height. Small to ‘medium, robust flavoured berries. * Biloxi this variety is known for its bushy habit, Ithas a medium sized berry with 2 flared crown. The plant grows 1.5m to.20minheight. Its spreading and Vigorous, and flowers inate spring to carly summer, Chill requirement: Low cill 200-250 hours, an evergreen bush when planted in warmer climates and semi deciduous in colder climates. starts to fruit in mid to late spring, Biloxis sel pollinating, however, better yield may be ‘achieved through cross pollination from ‘any other blueberry variety + Misty ~ has a mild flavour with medium to large berries which are mild and sweet witha flared crown, The plant isan Upright shrub that is 2.0-2.Smin height and flowers in late spring with beautiful pink flowers requiring 350 hours chilling Harvest is around December, I is self pollinating, however better yield may be achieved through crass palliation with any other blueberry variety. + Sunshine Blue ~is 2 semi-dwarf variety that produces pink blossoms in the spring and harvests in November- December, Ths variety is reasonably low chill, requiring between 150- 200 chill hours. Itis a medium sized berry with a flared crown, Plants graw 1.0- 15min height. tis self-polinatingy however, better yield may be achieved through cross pollination with any other blueberry variety. ‘Brigitta ~ A tall vigorous upright bush to.2-4m with medium sized fruit. For pollination purposes itis best f planted rear another variety. Fertilising Use a good three-manth slow release fertiliser or organic fertiliser such as, camposted cow manure every three months. Add a good organic liquid fertiliser with added trace elements twice throughout the growing season. A good liquid Fertilizer every two to three weeks with high analysis as mentioned HOMEGROWN 43neaeany iD below throughout the growing season _plants. Do nat water plants over foliage as Birds and flying foxes is alsoamust.A free draining potting this will create conditions for leaf fungal Cover withnetting as soon as young mix requires ahigh analysis fertiliser diseases. berries appear on the bush, with high Nitrogen (N) Potassium (k) and Phosphorous (P].As with al fruiting Pests and diseases Pruning plants, nutrition and leaf health is very Allblueberry varieties are susceptible to Depending on the variety, minor pruning, important tokeep plants healthy and fungal leaf diseases under high humidity may be required after year two to remove free from disease to ensure acconstant and high rainfall particularly Blueberry any non-frutful older branches. supply of delicious blueberries. Rust, Apply 8 good organic fungicide or copper hydroxide (product name Kocide), Harvest Watering Donnot wait for leaf symptoms to occur When harvesting blueberries, look for the Because the potting media aboveiisfree before spraying, as protectionis better darkest purple fruit on the bush. Most raining, in warm weather plants may than cure. Check for caterpillar damage _varieties will have a spread of harvest, need to be watered every two days - ona regular basis and control by organic some varieties will have adelicious supply approximately 1,0 LSlitres foryoung _ pesticide or byklling by squashing when _of fruit for three months. “Blueberry plants and 2-3ilitres for alder fruiting _necessary. harvest is really taste and see Pete orchard onja\tree! vital applications, powered by the sun from any clean, still water source. vw iigatia. com au or cal; (0) 5064 2950 Fruit}Salad)Trees) For advertising enquiries email Mike Stevens eo COL Gee peeeee rece ue ee 44 HomegrownZEROTOX LINSEED olL PAINT ANATURAL AND HEALTHY ALTERNATIVE TO USING HARMFUL SOLVENT-BASED PAINTS, % ety pont solton - dour and sent sree ound chien pets ory sur cnd estat "Point contains no solvents and consists only of cleaned, storiced inseed ol and natural pigments ‘ tneri and exterior se on oor wos ond clings % choose rom 6 ctoctve and natural pon colo. dl Wax, Putty and Sop aso avaoble PO sd INT AND PRODUCTS AT Sand Remedy is a unique mix of cay, minerals, trace elements and microbes designed to permanently improve soil fertility. Greenpatch Organic Seeds + Non Hybrid - No GMO's + Over 700 varietios (of seeds and plants + Plus books and garden products, Rare Plants and Heritage Seeds for the Home Gardener For a FREE catalogue Email: enquiries @greenpatchseeds.com.au TOORDER: www.greenpatchseeds.com.au cr phone 02 65514240 108 Old Bar RD, Glenthorne, NSW, 2430 Oe Ceres CEO tog eer Eee © Retains water & nutrients preety RTE ETS Pe aes, Incorporating Sand Remedy into the top 100mm of sandy soil creates a loamy structure, providing an ideal growing medium for your plants and retaining precious moisture. ‘www.sandremedy.com.au Telephone: 08 9250 4575 Email: info@greenlifesoil.com.au Made in Australia exclusively by THE GREEN LIFE SOIL Co. 7 remedy HOMEGROWN 45Natural. Delicious, Nothing added. Butter is completely natural and has been in our diet for thousands of years. aking butter sa simple process: \/ | separate cream from milk, churn 1 YT the cream until it thickens and add salt. And good cooks know there is no substitute for butter in cooking. Butter, ike all foods, can be incorporated into a healthy balanced diet. Butter has the unique ability to enhance the flavour of ather ingredients. A little butter goes along way toward enhancing the taste and texture of foods such as ‘wholegrain bread or vegetables, which Australians need to eat mare of The natural flavour of butter is irreplaceable. Whether youre baking a cake or sautéing vegetables, there's a type of butter to enhance every Food. + Salted butter isthe most common style of butter found in supermarkets, At most ithas 2% salt added after the buttermilk has been drained off. Unsalted butter contains no added salt, Reduced and low-salt butters have about half the salt you'd expect in regular salted butter. + Cultured butter is also known as Danishstyle butter. thas a culture added to the cream before it's churned which develops into a slightly acidic Flavour in the final product. Then, according to European tradition, no salt is added after draining the buttermilk + Cultured salted butter, typically Australian and not European, has salt added with the culture, + Clarified butter or ghee, is almost pure milk fat (at least 99.7%) and used mainly in cooking twill reach much higher temperatures before it begins to smoke or brown and there's almost no moisture to cause spattering. 46 HOMEGROWNButter Svecuces + Sauté ith butter. To sauté with butte, melt butter ona medium het and only add food tems when the butter i frothing, otherwise the buttris absorbed and Food becomes sega rather en ey Wen sautéing with utter over high hert add anequal proportion af ollt the panto ensure thebuterat doesnot burn immediately. Otherwise, use clarified butter or ghee which Rave the mik solids removed + Steam sauté gives aburst of buttery flavour to vegetables Melt tablespoon of butter na fying pan with vegetables and a smell amount of stock, wine orice. Cover and steam uni vegetables are just tender, sting occasional + Redor white wine sauce For the siplest sauce For meat add white wine to pan juices after cooking red meat or chicken, Stiroverabigh eat until reduced to afew tablespoons, Remove from heat and whisk incold butter tocreate rich buttery taste and glossy appearance. + Bronnbutter sauce or beurre noisette makes delicious accompaniment to chicken fish, vegetables or grocch Simply heat butter gently ina saucepan ntit is golden and has autty aroma and the sols at the bottom of the pan are golden. Remove rom heat immediately and desired, adda handful of sage leaves. pine nuts or almonds + Beure blancs made by whisking very soft butter into hot quid reduction of vinegar and/or wine and even someherbs Serve immediately So thatthe butter rtainsits velvety consetency + Hollandaise sauces typically served on fishand eggs ond most famously, Eas Benedicto Florentine tis made by viiskinga mixture of egg yolks and water vith melted butter, over abin-marie until thickened and creamy, then seasoning with lemon juice. + Bearaise sauces similar tohollandsise souce butitis made by whisking butter into egg yolks and reduced mixture of vine, tarragon vinegr shallots end then seasoning with fresh tarragon. Typically served on steakor fish —_ Hollandaise sauce + Dairy blends are a mixture of butter and up to 50% vegetable oils, making the mixture spreadable straight from the refrigerator. Retaining the taste of butter theyre a dary alternative to margarine + Reduced-fat dairy spreads contain ‘between 30% and 60% in total fat. of which atleast half is milk fat, + Low-fat dairy spreads are table spreads with a total fat and oil level below 30%. These spreads are nat recommended for cooking due to their high moisture content, What is Butter Butter contains a least 80% milk fat, around 16% water, 1.5-20% salt and 2% other milk solids. The fat in butters approximately 67% saturated, 29% monounsaturated and 4% polyunsaturated, Butter contains Vitamins A, D and. Artifical colouring is not used in Australia, Salt frst found its ‘way into butter as a preservative before refrigeration became an option and is now an accepted flavour in Australian butter, however, reduced-salt and unsalted butters are alse available Storing Butter + Almays check the use-by date, to ensure natural freshness and quality. Butter is best kept refrigerated at 4°C, protected from light and sealed inits original container or wrapping until itis used Sao asit readily absorbs adours from other foods. + Butter will keep refrigerated forup to sight weeks, but itis best purchased when required rather than stored. * Butter will soften at 30°C and melt at 35°C Inwarmer climates, tis best kept refrigerated, As temperatures rise, the fats in butter slowly oxidise and the butter willbecome rancid + Properly sealed, butter may be kept frozen for up to 12 months. Cooking with Butter Pastry and scones. Always use chilled butter for making pastry and scones. fits too sft, the butter willbe absorbed by the flour and the crust will be heavy and tough. Butter in pastry not only contributes great taste but italso"waterpraofs" the flour particles, which stops the gluten from {developing and the mixture becoming tough and elastic. Ensure butter and flour are well combined before adding liquid and youll get a crisp and tender result! Cake making Use softened unsalted-butter for cake baking. Salted butter can be used but sometimes produces a tougher crumb ina cake. Ensure all your ingredients [inluding milk and eggs) are at room temperature before beginning. This ensures even distribution of ingredients and even temperature inthe oven. HOMEGROWN 47WHAT IS AEG aeOn ae providing you various content: LR eC ee eos Unlimited satisfaction one low price Cheap constant access to piping hot media Protect your downloadings from Big brother Safer, than torrent-trackers 18 years of seamless operation and our users' satisfaction All languages Team Vala lel tesie AvaxHome - Your End Place We have everything for all of your needs. Just open https://avxlive.icuBy Linda Mitchener from The Green Life Soil Co S par of a permaculture system, having chooks i a fantastic way to 0. They supply you with eggs. help get of food serape which may otherwise simply go inthe bin, and produce manure wiich (when allowed to age) is fantastic to use on your garden to feed your plants! 48 HOMEGROWN Keeping chaoks is relatively easy. Do check with your Council, as some have regulations on haw many birds you can keep, and proximity to neighbours, et. Chaoks need somewhere to keep warm and dry and safe at night, access to clean, fresh water, and ideally dit to scratch n. IF you can plan it, allow your birds access to your garden every now and again. Some kind of temporary Fence is a good Idea to keep them out of areas you DONT want them to disturb. And letting chooks have fun in your garden between planting ‘seasons is worthwhile - they help get ridof insect pests, willeat weeds and help loosen the soil Itis a good idea to plant out extra herbs and greens that are particulary tasty or beneficial to your chooks. You can use these to supplement their feed by picking, leavesbranches and tossing them into the pen from time to time. General poultry tonics and laying stimulants include: garlic, onion, chickweed, dandelion, fennel, wormwood, rue, cress, marigol, mint, vervain, comfrey, borage, thyme, marjoram, sage, nasturtium, mugwort, gotu kola and parsley. Chickens generally enjoy green, leafy vegetables. Growing a few extra silver beet plants just for your girls is a great idea, They will also appreciate lettuce, beetroot, turnip and radish tops, sweet potato tops, warrigal greens (NZ spinach), spring onion tops, carrot tops, broccoli and cauliflower leaves, kale, cabbage, sunflowers (and their leaves) and of course fresh winter grass weeds! When you harvest your vegies. give the chooks all the ald, outside leaves - they will waste nothing, and devour any caterpillars or snails that might be hiding in the leaves, too. Many herbs are also insect repelling, so grow these next to the pen (allowing chaoks to brush against them), ar regularly {im branches and toss them into the pen so they are trodden an and scratched up to.crush the leaves and release the scent. These insect repeling herbs include: Artemisia’s (such as southernwood, wormwood, mugwort). tansy and fennel, rosemary, catnip, everfew, lavender and ppennyroyal. Chooks may pick at these herbs but will only eat what they need. ‘These insect repaling herbs can be strenn in laying boxes to help repat mites and lice, Clean boxes out regularly anduse the soft, leafy tips of the plants. Mulching larger branches like rosemary, lavender oF warmwood can also be useful to createa strongly scented bedding material For intestinal worms, many herbs can be fed to chooks on a regular basis. including nasturtium, nettle (wich should be cooked {and added to mash), and garlic~ which can be added to mash ar drinking water every month (ideally at around the time of the full moon for the biodynamic gardener) ‘Another recommended treatment is ‘once a month leaves such as horseradish wormwood, tansy, elder, santolina rue, and hyssop can be mixed with onions, garlic, grated carrots, mustard and pumpkin seeds and then added to feed at arate of about 20 percent. IF you allow your chooks to free range. and want to grow greens and/or herbs to allow them to pick a, surrounding your plants with a wire cage or Fence is a good idea, The chickens will prune the greens down but leave the rest ofthe plant intact, soit can rejuvenate, Otherwise, there is ‘a good chance the entire plant may be devoured at once! Dorit just think of leafy greens for your chickens ~ any surplus vegies and fruits (or those that maybe past their prime for your family's consumption) are appreciated, Chickens lave watermelon, ‘and willalso devour rockmelon, pears, berries, pumpkin (crack them open as the tough skin can be difficult for them to get through), cucumbers and tomatoes. If you are limited on space, use seedling trays to grow wheat, alfalfa, millet, sunflower or oats (or other gr2ins) Som the seed thickly, and provide the whole tray to the chickens once the sprouts are about 10 - 15cms high. If you have a few trays, start them off a week or so apart; that way you will always have some coming onto provide your hens with fresh greens You don't need much soil depth to do this (whichis why trays are ideal) so they are easy to handle and work out relatively inexpensive (you don't need ‘much potting mix) Chickens that can free range, selecting greens For their diet and getting protein from worms and insects will generally be healthier and have less pest issues than those kept in close proximity to others. have read that chickens given free range toa variety of greens provide eggs with less saturated fat, more vitamins A andE, more beta carotene, and atleast twice the Omega 3 fatty acids than provided by caged eggs. Whether this is scientific faet cor not, they certainly taste great and itis wonderful to know the hens have been allowed ta enjoy the freedom of expressing their chooky nature! Enjoy your chooks (they are very entertaining) keep them healthy and enjoy the wonderful benefit of fresh eggs.People for Plants is a relatively new Australian certified organic skincare range that is already winning awards, from Beauty Heaven for Best Launch, to Men’s Health for its Face Scrub and Women’s Health for its Face Oil, which is amazing, as it was the first time that organic products had won these awards. riginally an on-line business, consumer demand soon ensured People for Plants products are stocked throughout Australia in more than 1,000 outlets including 400 Priceline stores, as well as David Jones, Terry White Chemists, health food stores and independent pharmacies. ‘Speaking with proud founders ‘Andrew Brown and Anna Addicoat, you realise how committed they are ta the purity and integrity of their products, ‘and to ensuring the range is affordable, Their range aspires to use the highest 50 HOMEGROWN levels of certified organic ingredients, ‘hich are sourced globally, and are brought back to Australia to create each product. Andrew says that the company's thinking is @ world First, explaining how it“democratises the choice for organic ~ making it affordable and available ~ unlike ther organic products that carry high price points. He explains that oftheir 22 products, 19 are made with over 90% certified organic ingredients and the other three are just below this, however all are 100% natural When People for Plants refers to organic, it means only those ingredients, and certified organic praducts made from those ingredients, which have been ‘Brown and pracessed under a specific and strict set of ecological regulations, are used, The term organic’ does not apply to natural ingredients which have not been grown in clay, salt or water. Organic Farming methods work with natural ecosystems rather than trying to dominate, recognising that our world relies on a complex, delicate balanceBy encouraging wildlife biodiversity to act as a natural pest control, and by building up the nutrients in the soil to grow strong, healthy ero} synthetic chemicals is avoided. Wie all put many substances on our bodies, from moisteurisers to lip gloss, much of itmade from synthetic materials. Andrew explained thatthe average woman uses 500 clfferent synthetic chemicals each day on her body. soit makes perfect sense that if youuse organic ingrecients on your ski, you automatically reduce the amount of chemical residues being absorbed by your skin. The Natural and Organic segment of the skin care markets the fastest growing area ‘asmore and more people become aware of ‘the danger of synthetic products on ther skin, and want natural products. awe s S= SsS4 ‘Anna and Andrew were excitedly expecting their first children - twin girls, however ‘Anna wos physically struggling, as her skin was cry, itchy, ieritated and sore. Determined to find truly natural option, ‘Andrew warked with an expert in organic ingredient to create some soothing balms for Anna, comprising pure, certified organic Shea butter, an they are bath now heavily involved in the ongoing creation of an organic kin care range The family has now expanded to four children two girls and two boys and they ive as pure alte as possible fn thei farm on the banks of the Hawkesbury River near Windsor, on the outskirts of Sydney. Andrew has transformed the farm from a redundant orange orchard toa self-sustaining B hectare (20-acre) farm which now I FOMEGROWN 51provides the Family with most of their fruit and vegetable needs (including enough produce for Anna's acclaimed jams and preservatives), plus meat from pigs. sheep and cows. The children are also'free range! with chores and responsibility for the Farm animals which naw also include peacacks, chickens, ducks, horses, the Family dogs Ranger and Bear, and Lucky the cat, left behind by the previous owners (lucky indaed! Jamie Durie Horticulture and lifestyle expert and long time friend and business partner of Anna 5 be ‘52. HOMEGROWN and Andrew, Jamie Durie champions the products and provides valuable expertise, “Ive always been passionate about connecting people with plants explains Jamie, and what we can learn from them togive ourselves a sense of wellbeing to enrich our own lives. This extraordinary range gives me the opportunity to distil what Ive learned about plants and horticulture from around the world, to develop a beautiful selection of skincare products, When you use the People for Plants range you are making the best possible chaice for your skin Naturally, Organically, Honestly? Proven quality Organic Certification of the People for Plants ingredients and products reinforces the quality of the praduct. As well as submitting the final formulation for approval the ‘Australian Certified Organic (ACO), which isthe largest ofits kind in Australia, each ingredient and every single stop of the pracess anits journey Fram field to finished product must be validated, as this the only true testof purity of product and ingredients ‘When youlaok at a People for Plants product youll see a very specific grading, such as the divine Rosehip, Calendula and Chamomile Face Oil witha 97.8% Organic Certified‘ating, 0 you canbe confidentin the quality the US, the company is about to expand —_onta the market, and this does net fit the ‘and purity ofthe products you are buying into the Asian market, where there People for Plants vision of cruelty free ‘and putting on yaur skin is enormous demand and respect for ——_—praducts. no ‘organic praducts. At this stage the range Plans forthe future? will nat go into China, because China Contact detail ‘Andrew says they are excited for the has aruling where all products must be People for Pla future. Already trading via on-line in tested on animals before being launched Web: www:peopleforplants.com.ou Award winning Toothbrush © GO GREEN AT HOME The MiEco rateetcotraten coer ino) BAMBOO . hair brush. tonnes of plastic, that ends upin landfil each year. ame Yes the HANDLE and BRISTLES are made of BAMBOO NOT W000 or PLASTIC 6o Green at home help to change that with the Environmental Toothbrush and other great Eco products. Soap Nuts Soap Nuts are most bale BAMBOO is Stronger, Lighter and more Durable and more resistant to Water than WOOD. ae BAMBOO is part ofthe Grass family and is 2 100% Natural Renewable resource. commonly used as 2 laundry detergent. ‘They are used instead f BAMBOO grows naturally of chemical detergents without using any pesticides or and fabric softener. Natta Simply place a few of ‘these amazing soap nuts rn BAMBOO Is 100% into our small Wash bag and throw them in with your ‘washing. Also used asa detergent, a personal cleanser and shampoo, a general purpose cleaner, car wash, pet wash vegtatle wash, carpet and upholter cleaner, www gogreenathome.com.au_ PH: 1300 300 721 Make an Environmental Choice with products that are not only great for you but also help save our world. biodegradable and is naturally Anti-Bacterial, HOMEGROWN 53.r Pallets to This issue we bring You astep- Equipment + Safety Gi * Gloves Claw Hammer = Pinch Bar + Tape Mea: = Pencil + Wood screws (naminally 28mm) = Dail + Pre-dil bit (nominally 3am) + Impact Driver + Philips bit Mater leGROWN handy Bench and stOrigelple CEE eae a claw hammer B pinch bar Retain top slats and underside gluts. Remove nails best uniform sats, ath of sa S slats high s05 x width of slat~ Length 1 (LA). Cut 10 slats into 20 equal pieces at D1 Piece A(Phote I) Step 3: Alig flush at ends. Use a Step 4: Align Piece B inside marke slats on one side. Predrill Repeat on other side to xt (Photo 3). Repeat st and 4 ta create box' Step 5:Stand up box front tom side, serthraugh a face of Piece Ainto the edge of Piece B. Standup box back vertically and repeat (Photo 4) Repeat until S high Repeat onthe other side (Photo 5) Step 6:Lay box on side. Measure between both Piece B=L3, Cut slats into 4 equal pieces at L3 to create 4 Piece C.Screw fixPiece C flush to top and bottom of Piece Bon both sides to create alip for tap and bottom (Photo 6). Step 7: Stand box upside down Measure between 2 sides = L4. (Photo 7). Cut S slats in 10 equal pieces at L4 to form box ‘top and bottom rails “Place D. Screw fix 5 xPiece D to edge of internal cleats to Create bottom (Photo 8). Turn box upright. Step 8: Take L3 minus 20mm = LB, Cut 1 slat into 2 equal LS ~ Piece E. Align 5 ‘remaining Piece D together. Screw fix Piece E balanced across 5 slats, stepped in 50mm from each side. Repeat at other end to create box top (Photo 3). Using a 18mm core erillbit drill outa semicircular Finger hale in centre front of box tap. (Photo 10). Stap 9: Measure external side of box= LE Cut 3 slats into 6 equal pieces at L6 to form 6 x Piece. Sclect 4x Piace F Screw fix together to form 2x cleats Piece G (Photo 12) ‘Step 10:Select S uniform gluts. Cut at Sesired bench width ta form S benchtop rails Piece H (Photo 13). Step 11: Align flush and screw fix throughLxPieceG to Piece H.Repeat at other Step 13:Measure frombottomofbox Step 15: Measure underside of benchtop lend. Balance 3 remaining Piece H to top of 2* highest slat. Screw fix from between Piece Gcleats. Cut 1 glut to between and screw fix toPiece G side box so tap af benchtop is flush to _this dimension to form Piece I. Using 2x (Photo 15), top of 2highest slat onbox (Photo 17). remaining Piece F screw through centre Step 12: At other end, mark 1 glut Step 14: Measure from underside of of each Piece into Piece Ito createa thickness across S Benchtop Rails. Align henchtop to bottom of box~L7. Cut gluts bottom | Brace (Photo 19), flush and balancedin the middle and crew at L7 to formS end rails. Screw fixS end Step 16:Screw fixbottam of | brace fix through I xpiece Go this line across rails to BT cleat to create BT Leg to bottom of box side and bottom of the 5 benchtop rail (Photo 14). (Photo 18). bbenchtop leg ends (Photo 20). 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Nos we, Rl mensions, Australia's largest range of eco friendly & non-toxic paints & wood finishes www.house-paint.com.au ‘Order online, we ship Australia wide dally Mon-Fri 9am-5.30pm Sat 10am-2pm ‘Sool our mould designs & “How To” videos at: | Brigantine St Byron Bay 02 6685 7522 Bare Nature Furniture - 100% recycled custom built timber furniture, made right here in Australia using 100% environmentally friendly techniques. Crea Poel See nL Pee Beker ner otras ona erent ‘Check out our website for our product range or i you'd like to se some of our furniture in the flesh, please give Russell a call on either 02 6628 8772 or 0417 453 136 to arrange an inspection at our Alstonville workshop, |We're happy to arrange delivery just about anywhere in Australiat www.barenature.com.au HOMEGROWN. 57Compost - making and managing it, Problems and pitfalls. By John Mason, Gavin Cole and Adriana Fraser composts indeed the powerhouse + Campost-makingis an environmentally + The aw material for goad compost inany growing system, but is sustainable methad of recycling waste’ __ making sa mixture of organic materials: particulary valuable in organic material + Lawn clippings ‘growing where chemical fertilisers renat * Home-made compost is effectively «Weeds used. Its benefits cannot be underestimated: cast-free Leaves + Itimproves soil structure in all types + Paper or cardboard waste of soil + Seaweed (with salt washed out) ‘Itprovides slow-release nutrients for _* Any organic material, if left long. + Plant clippings plants to use when required enough, will eventually rot down due _*Plant leaves and debris + Itincreases the level of soil micro: to the action of microorganisms. + Straw organisms exponentially Composting harnesses and maximises + Manure *Composted soils produce plants which this process, speeding up the rate of + Pre-meal kitchen waste are more resistant ta attacks fram pests decomposition and minimising nutrient + Animal manures (sheep, cattle, poultry and diseases losses. anghorse) are also 8 good addition to oo c 4 “Al 58 HOMEGROWN‘a compost heap, Fresh manure has high levels of ammonium which can burn the leaves and roots of plants so you should allow it to compost for aminimum of six weeks before applying it around plants ‘The ammonium is rapidly lost during the composting process, ‘Tough stems and stalks such as those of cabbage leaves can be pulverised before adding to the heap. The microorganisms that break down plant materials require foodin the Form of ritrogen, phosphorous and potassium, The ‘most important requirement is the ratio of the percentage carbon (C) inthe materials, to the percentage Nitrogen (N). Tiss called the carbonjnitrogen ratio, Woody wastehas 25 times as much carbon as it has nitrogen, soits C/Nratiois simply expressed as the number 25. C/N ratio of araund 30 is required for compost activity to take place ‘at an optimum rate. Ta get a suitable averal CiNratioitis necessary to mixmaterals with ahigh C/Nratio, such as wood shavings, with materials that havea low C/N ratio, suchas green plant waste + Plenty of organic matter inthe right ratio (es above} + Sufficient nutrients, particularly nitrogen the bacteria that break down material inthe compost need nitrogen to survive (they wil de in low nitrogen levels). Nitrogen levels can be maintained by the adcition of manure + Sufficient and well-dispersed oxygen to speed up the rate of decomposition Oxygen can be added to a compost heap by using ventilated pipes eunning through the heap or by turning the compost regularly. Water can often build up at the base of a compost heap toa degree where it slows the composting process. Lay agricultural pipes underneath the HOMEGROWN 59heap tohelp remave excess water Sufficient and well-dispersed water water content of above 50% will give {good ates of decomposition, but too much water (maximum 8096) make the compost waterlogged and stale, If the compost is too dry, add water to the compost when itis turned, The compost should have the moisture content af a squeezed sponge - damp, but not soggy! A source of nutrients, especially calcium to stabilise the compost Calcium acts as a buffer to stop pH levels from varying too much. Gypsum is sometimes added to compost heaps as a source of calelum at the rate of 13kg per cubic metre af compost. This, alco has the effect of reducing adours and reducing nitragen losses. ‘Appropriate temperature for the compost heap to decompose effectively, 60 HOMEGROWN What can go wrong? ‘The main reasons fer compost failing are as Fallows: + Too wet ifthe compost smells foul this is probably the case; turn it more often and add dry materials. + Too dry if the centre of the heap is dusty, this is Far too éry ~ add water. + Lack of nutrients, such as phosphorus ‘or potassium, may reduce the rate of decomposition. Add materials high in ‘these nutrients to rectify this prablem, + Carbon/nitrogen ratio is incorrect - lack of nitrogen because of too much high ratio material is comman, the heap needs toreach a temperature of between 40 and 60°C. This heat is ‘generated by the ‘body’ heat given off by the microbes inthe heap. Ifthe heap becomes too hot then some of these microbes canbe killed Cool the heap by blowing air through ventilation pipes in the heap or by turning it regularly + Appropriate pH, since plant saps acidic, compost heaps wil start off acc and may become more aciicin the ealy stages of decomposition, this wll stabilise to earlier levels later Lime or dolomite can be added tooffset the initial drop in pH however this may result inthe lass ofritrogen from the heap, thereby slowing down the decomposition process. “Much has been written about the hat heap! This is where a large quantity of vise ea Ne Ty eWay Sa Ebi scampastable materials is piled together = amminimum of one cubic metre isthe recommendation - and mixed well Organisms in the materials become very volatile and active, which creates heat. Temperatures in a hot heap can quickly soar to 80°C and above. After afew days, the organisms start to die ff, and the heap starts to cool At this point, the heap is turned in order to incorporate more oxygen, and mix un-composted material from the sides, to the middle The temperature will rise again. This turning process can be done several times, resulting in finished compost within a few weeks, even in winter, However, this is @ time-consuming process, and not always, possible or practical Many compost heaps remain cool, ‘as their volume is small, and material is added little and often’ If this is the case, compost wil take much longer to mature ~ usvally around 12 months. tis. ‘most important that this type of compost heap shouldnot be overloaded with large ‘quantities of one type of material, such as _ahuge ple of hedge clippings, ora thick layer of grass clippings. Always make sure that the balance of wet to dry material is, correct, Remember, weed seeds ina cold heap will aot be killed Although a cold heap will take much longer to produce finished compost, both ‘methods will produce an excellent product, rich infertility for your garden * Compost produced quickly + Weed seeds killed inthe heat + No time spent turning the heap The easiest way to build a compost heap is simply to pile materials ina heap, ar ina container of some sort. Use a goad mix of arganic materials. Wet ‘material shouldbe in thin ayer (around 3em thick) covered by dry organic material such 1s dry straw or shredded paper. There shouldbe alayar of soil between layers of organic material. This should be freely draining soil not heavy clay. The soil layer introduces microorganisms necessary for the decomposition of organic matter. If usinga large amount of dry material such as straw, wood shavings or paper, add some manure to boost the levels of nitrogen in the composting material. To prevent sawdust from packing down in a solid layer, mix well with coarse material, such as chopped stalks, and plenty of ‘Breenwaste to add nitrogen. If possible, turn the heap witha garden fork weekly, Remember to keep the heap covered, especially in wet weather. Inhot countries, or during long spells of dry weather, it may be necessary to water the heap occasionally, Inwarm conditions, aheap that is regularly turned and aerated can be ready in around six weeks. In colder weather it can take several months Compost is ready to use when: + Its crumbly and generally an even texture (material such a straw, or flower stems might be stil intact) + It should drain wel, but still ave good mmoisture-alding capacity + It shouldbe dark in colour + It should smell earthy and sweet not oF rotten eggs! + Its temperature isthe same a air temperature (all heating and cooling should have finished ifthe hat heap method has been used) Compost can be used either as mulch spread on the surface of the ground, or it canbe spread ina 25cm layer onto the sland then dug into the top few inches. Don't digit too deep or youll upset the balance of your sol. Earthworms will take it deeper. Coarser compost is the most suitable for use as mulch, Do not leave compost too long (particularly in warm weather} before Using it since nutrients canbe last over time, Don't plant in pure compost alone Compost is good for most plants, but it doesn't have everything a plant needs, ori may be too rich Springis the best time to apply compost. The nutrients wil be available for plant roots to take up ready for the growth season, Inaheap You can produce compost successfully in heap without any container, but always have the heap covered to prevent HOMEGROWN 61