Title:

Control of Infectious Diseases: The Prevention within Population

Thesis Statement: The plans are created to either completely eradicate the disease or
lower disease prevalence in order to control infectious diseases. primary control of
infectious diseases, such as reducing risk factors or incidence. Additionally, it prevents
illness and preserves the health of individuals through community-wide measures.

Introduction

Infectious diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity, disability, and

mortality worldwide. Lower respiratory infections are the third leading causes of death
worldwide (World Health Organization (WHO) 2008). These Infectious diseases can
be viral, bacterial, parasitic or fungal infections. You may be at an increased risk if
your immune system is weakened or if you travel to areas with certain highly
transmissible diseases.

Some of the most dreaded plagues in history have emerged as infectious

diseases throughout history. While many of the old plagues are still with us, new
illnesses are continually developing. Although these occurrences may appear
inexplicable, rarely if ever do emerging infections appear without reason. This paper
shows that an infection may cause you several types of diseases that may spread
through your body and can identify as an opponent to your immune system. However,
there is control and prevention in these infectious diseases.

The risk of infectious disease outbreaks in the aftermath of natural disasters has
usually been overemphasized by health officials and the media leading to panic,
confusion and sometimes to unnecessary public health activities. Prevention and
clinical management should be implemented immediately to control infectious disease
outbreaks. Several management protocols are available, but those in accordance with
the national guidelines must be used to ensure appropriate treatment at every contact
point between patients and healthcare services. In order to prevent these diseases, we
must cooperate with the healthcare providers.

Every society must have emergency plans in place, but in poor nations,
monitoring systems and even the most basic infrastructure (clinical and laboratory) are
often non-existent, making it possible for an epidemic to go undetected. A solid health
information system for suitable emergency and preparedness plans is also challenging
to build up and/or sustain in such countries due to their continued living in highly
dynamic and unstable environments and lack of resources.

Discussion

Infection occurs when an infectious agent enters a body and develops or

multiplies. Infectious agents are organisms capable of producing inappropriate
infection or clinically manifest disease and include bacteria, rickettsia, chlamydiae,
fungi, parasites, viruses, and prions. An infectious disease, or communicable disease, is
an infection that results in clinically manifest disease. Infectious disease may also be
due to the toxic product of an infectious agent, such as the toxin produced by
Clostridium botulinum causing classical botulism.

Some infections are spread when tiny amounts of feces (poo) from an infected
person are taken in by another person by their mouth. The germs may be passed
directly from infected hands to the mouth or indirectly through objects, surfaces, food
or water contaminated with poo. It can also spread when body fluids such as blood,
saliva, urine (wees), faeces (poos) or semen come into direct contact with an
uninfected person through kissing, sexual contact or through a needlestick injury. Also,
if a person talks, coughs or sneezes and the small droplets they produce contain germs.
The droplets travel a short distance before falling. The droplets may be breathed in by
people who are near, or may fall and contaminate an object or surface. Spread can also
occur by touching the nose or mouth with hands contaminated by the droplets.

For certain people--particularly those with underlying illnesses like heart

disease or cancer, those who have serious injuries, or those who are taking medications
that weaken the immune system—it's more difficult to avoid getting sick with an
infection. Living in an affluent country like the United States, the threat we face from
deadly viruses, bacteria, and parasites can seem remote, but these infectious microbes
are ever present among us, according to Dr. Michael Klompas, writing in the Harvard
Medical School Special Health Report Viruses and Disease. Dr. Klompas is an
infectious disease specialist at Harvard-affiliated Brigham and Women's Hospital.
However, for most healthy people, following a few basic principles can go a long way
in helping to prevent infections.

Throughout history, infectious diseases have afflicted people, sometimes even

changing the course of history. A few instances are the "Spanish flu" epidemic of 1918,
the Black Death in the Middle Ages, and the plagues of biblical periods. It is estimated
that the 1918 flu pandemic contributed to the end of World War I and claimed the lives
of up to 50 million people worldwide in addition to more than 500,000 Americans. The
most recent coronavirus to emerge is named SARS-CoV-2. It causes the disease known
as COVID-19. The effects of COVID-19 pandemic have been felt around the
worldwide, with schools and businesses closing, travel restricted, and in some cases
even limitations on people leaving their homes. The pandemic has caused major
economic hardships, stressed healthcare systems, and impacted mental health.
Disagreements within and between countries have arisen in how to respond to the crisis
and how to allocate scarce supplies of drugs and vaccines.

There are prevention of disease operations of public health such as site

planning to ensure the most rational organization of space, shelters and facilities
required for the provision of essential goods and services. It should be implemented
according to the existing international guidelines. Practically, it must provide adequate
solutions to water and sanitation needs and meet the minimum space requirement per
person to prevent water-borne and air-borne diseases. Vaccination measures for
sheltered populations after natural disasters can supplement normal public health
vaccination programs. Measles vaccinations should be conducted as soon as people
start gathering in camps. Immunization should be done preferably using the combined
measles–mumps–rubella vaccine especially in case of limited or inexistent laboratory
facilities.

In terms of responsibility for the infection prevention and control programme a

healthcare worker (under the Duty of Care law) has responsibility for preventing harm
to themselves, fellow staff, visitors and patients. However, the final authority and
responsibility for IPC lies with the facility management. They may delegate this role to
the IPC team, but must ensure that the right support structures are in place to ensure a
functional and effective IPC programme.

The audit's delegates should ideally have extensive knowledge of the processes
they will be checking. IPC practitioners are in a good position to conduct these audits,
but they must maintain objectivity when assessing procedures at their own site. It is
preferable to use outside auditors for national audits since they are more likely to spot
practice issues than an IPC practitioner who works within the facility. The facilities
management team should give its blessing and support for every audit. Prior to
conducting the audit, the staff at the facility or clinical area being reviewed should be
notified, but the auditor should make an effort to avoid interfering with or influencing
clinical practice while conducting the audit.

Conclusion

Therefore, infectious diseases are still very relevant today. It should've given
more action and must have each one of us a health care instructors. We should consider
getting one of them to avoid it and to have knowledge about the spread of infectious
diseases. Each one of us will be aware of these certain diseases.
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