L4 政治及法律

Several violations and illegalities during the operation were uncovered.

在操作中發現了一些違規和違法行爲。
 irregularity (n.) 違規；不合常規
 illegality (n.) 違法行為

Loose management and undocumented workers contributed to the accident.

鬆散的管理和無合法證明文件的工人導致這次事故的發生。
 loose /lax management 鬆散的管理
 attribute to (v.) 把…歸因於 (+原因)
 contribute to (v.) 導致 (+結果)

It is the obligation of the cram schools to conduct a fire drill every month.
補習班有義務每個月進行一次消防演習。
 obligation (n.) (道義或法律上的) 義務；責任
 conduct (v.) 實施；處理；引導/帶領
 fire drill 消防演習

Strict rules such as imprisonment and huge fine are set to prohibit public official from
accepting bribes.
制定如監禁和巨額罰款這類嚴格的規則是為了禁止公職人員收賄。
 imprisonment (n.) 監禁；拘留
 fine (n.) 罰金；罰款 (v.) 處…以罰金
 prohibit someone from Ving 禁止；妨礙某人做某事
 public official (n.) 公職人員

其他相關單字：
 breach (v.) (n.) 違背；破壞
breach of contract 違約
be in breach of something 違反 (法律或規章)
 official duties 公務

You must cease operation in a timely fashion since it is illegal.

你必須及時停止操作，因為這是非法的。
 cease (v.) 停止；中止
 cease operation 停止操作 (固定用法)
 in a timely fashion/manner 適時；及時
It is illegal for public officials to solicit gifts in exchange for favors.
公職人員提供好處以索取禮物是違法的。
 illegal (adj.) 非法的；違法的
 legal (adj.) 法律上的；合法的
legalize (v.) 合法化
 solicit (v.) 請求；索求；招攬
 in exchange for 作為…的交換

A batch of members in the nascent political party were nominated.

新成立的政黨中，一批成員被提名。
其他相關單字：
 a batch of 一批；一組
 election (n.) 選舉
 nascent (adj.) 新生的/萌芽的；開始發展的
 nominate (v.) 提名；任命；指定

The initialism V.P. stands for vice president.

首字母 V.P.代表的是副總統。
 initial (n.) (字的)起首字母 (adj.) 開始的；最初的
 initialism (n.) 首字母縮寫
 stand for 代表；支持；容忍

Public support is a prerequisite for/to the success of the referendum.

公眾支持是公投成功的前提條件。
其他相關單字：
 prerequisite (n.) 先決條件；前提
 marginal (adj.) 微小的
 referendum (n.) 公投；公決
(n.) 議會的邊緣席位

He defied the boss to protect his right.

他為了維護自己的權利而違抗上司。
 defy (v.) 違抗；對抗

Citizens are prohibited from selling drugs and persuading others to commit crimes.
公民被禁止販賣毒品和教唆他人犯罪。
Commit 用法
 ban/ prohibit someone from Ving 禁止做某事
 投入: commit to the job
 prevent someone from Ving 防止做某事
 犯罪: commit murder

I certainly oppose violating human rights.

我當然反對侵犯人權。 其他相關單字：

 oppose/resist (v.) 反對；抵抗  support (v.) 支持；鼓勵

 violate (v.) 違反；違背  opponent (n.) 對手；敵人
His freedom of movement is restricted since he is the suspect of several cases.
由於他是多起案件的嫌疑人，他的行動自由受到限制。
 restrict (v.) 限制；妨礙
 suspect (n.) 嫌疑犯/人 (v.) 懷疑；猜想；不信任 (adj.)可疑的

其他相關單字：
 lawyer (n.) 律師 (職業統稱)
 attorney (n.) 律師 (被雇傭後的說法) defense attorney (n.) 辯護律師

We rely on the police to enforce the law. 我們依靠警察來執行這項法律。

 enforce (v.) (強制)實行；使服從
 rely on someone (v.) 依靠某人

I signed a petition against abolishing the law. 我簽署了一份反對廢除法律的請願書。

 petition (n.) 請願書
 petition for 支持…的請願書
 abolish (v.) 廢除
 petition against 反對…的請願書

The law obliges the company to pay decent wages to its employees.
法律要求公司向員工支付合適的工資。
 oblige (v.) 迫使(不得不做)/ be obligated to (adj.) 對某事有義務/obligation (n.) 義務
 decent (adj.) 體面的；像樣的

They promised to legislate for the protection of wild animals. 其他相關單字：

他們承諾要立法保護野生動物。  fine (n.) 罰金
 legislate for 為..立法 legislate against 為了反對…立法  sentence (v.) 判決
legislator (n.) 立法者  imprisonment (n.) 監禁
 capital punishment 死刑
The penalty for speeding has been increased to one year in prison.
對超速的處罰已增至一年監禁。
 penalty (n.) 刑罰；處罰；罰金
 pay a heavy penalty 付出沉重的代價

When a bill is passed in parliament, it becomes a law.

當一項法案在議會通過時，它就成為法律。
 bill (n.) 法案；帳單；鈔票
 parliament (n.) 議會；國會
 law (n.) 法律
 go to law 打官司
People regard the policy as too lenient to prevent crime.
人們認為該政策過於寬鬆，無法防止犯罪。
太…以至於無法：
 regard (v.) 將…看作；考慮
 too +adj.+to+V
 lenient (adj.) 寬容的
too hard to finish 太難無法完成

Many people approve of amending the existing law.

許多人贊成修改現行法律。
 approve (v.) 贊成；批准 approve of +N/Ving (n.) 贊成/同意
approval (n.) 核准；贊成
 on approval 供試用的；包退換的
 amend (v.) 修正(常用於法律) amendment (n.) 修正
 existing (adj.) 現存的

The authority must discharge its legal duty to supervise the companies.
當局必須履行其監管公司的法律責任。
 discharge (v.) 履行(責任、義務)；排放(廢液、廢氣)
 supervise (v.) 監督；管理；指導

The police suspect him of counterfeiting currency.

警方懷疑他偽造貨幣。
 suspect somebody of +Ving 懷疑某人做了某事
 counterfeit (v.) 偽造；偽裝 (adj.) 偽造的；假冒的
 currency (n.) 貨幣；流通

The complainant was asked to verify his allegations.

申訴人被要求核實他的指控。
 verify (v.) 證明；證實；查實
 allegation (n.) (未經證實的)指控
 assertion (n.) 斷言 (明確肯定)

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