Ayah

85:1 – By the sky, containing the constellations.

Feminine of ‫ – ذُو‬is – ‫ذات‬
ُ
85:2 – And by the promised day
85:3 – And by the witness and the witnessed
85:4 – He was killed. The companions of the ditch were killed.
85:5 – The fire, containing fuel
86:6 – When they were sitting upon it.
86:7 – And they were upon whatever they do with the believers, witnesses. OR And they were
witnesses of whatever they did with the believers.

Sarf

• We can make groups of families which are similar.

• E.g. Akhbara, Allama and Jaahada – They are similar in the sounds
• Akhbara → Command is Akhbir.
• Allama → Command is Allim.
• Jaahada → Command is Jaahid.
• Akhbara → Present tense is yukhbiru
• Allama → Present tense is yuallimu
• Jaahada → Present tense is yujaahidu
• The other group is of families ta’allama (V) and tasaa’ala (VI)
• Ta’allama → Command is ta’allam
• Tasaa’ala → Tasaa’al
• Ta’allama → Present tense is yata’allamu
• Tasaa’ala → Present tense is yatasaa’alu

Family VIII (Iqtaraba)

Root is ‫ب‬ُ ُ‫قُر‬
Past tense
First letter – alif (hamzatul wasl) (extra)
Second letter – first letter of the root
Third letter – taa (extra)
Fourth letter – second letter of the root
Fifth letter – third letter of the root

‫ب‬
ُ ُ‫مقُ ُتر‬ ‫ا ُقتُرابُا‬ ‫ب‬
ُ ‫يُقُتُ ُر‬ ُ‫ُا ُقتُرُب‬
‫ب‬
ُ ُ‫مقُ ُتر‬ ‫ا ُقتُرابُا‬ ‫ب‬
ُ ‫يُقُتُ ُر‬ ُ‫اُ ُقتُرُب‬
‫ب‬
ُ ُ‫مقُ ُتر‬ ‫ب‬
ُ ُ‫الُتُقُتُر‬ ُ‫ُا ُقتُرُب‬

Family VII (Inqalaba)

First letter – alif (hamzatul wasl)
Second letter – Noon (extra)
Third letter – first letter of root
Fourth letter – second letter of the root
Fifth letter – third letter of the root
There is no passive in this family.
Sarf is same as iqtaraba family

Family X (Istaghfara)
Extra is ist – alif seen taa
Sarf is again similar to previous two.

Therefore families VII, VIII and X are similar in sarf and make a group.

We are not going to study family IX.

From tomorrow in sha Allah we shall study family I.