Senior High School

General Chemistry 1
Module 1:
Matter and Its Properties

AIRs - LM

LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1

General Chemistry
Grade 11 Module 1: Matter and Its Properties
Second Edition, 2021
Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this Module may be reproduced in any form without
written permission from the copyright owners.
Development Team of the Module

Author: Jovy B. Licos

Co-Author: Elvira A. Delmendo
Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team
Content Reviewer: Alona A.Corpuz
Language Reviewer: Efren G. Orcas
Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr.
Design and Layout: Mariza R. Mapalo
Management Team:

Atty. Donato D. Balderas Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent
Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph D
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
German E. Flora, Ph D, CID Chief
Virgilio C. Boado, Ph D, EPS in Charge of LRMS
Rominel S. Sobremonte, Ph D, EPS in Charge of Science
Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II
Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

Printed in the Philippines by: _________________________

Department of Education – SDO La Union

Office Address: Flores St. Catbangen, San Fernando City, La Union
Telefax: 072 – 205 – 0046
Email Address: launion@deped.gov.ph

LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1

SHS
Senior High School

General Chemistry 1
Module 1:
Matter and Its Properties

LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1

 Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed with completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for a better understanding
of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-
check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust
that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1

 Target

Matter is the stuff that makes up the universe-everything that takes up

space and has mass. You often describe matter by…. how it looks (shiny, dull,
colored); how it feels (hard, soft, rough, smooth); how it smells (sweet, salty,
flowery); how it sounds (loud, soft, hollow); how it tastes (sweet, salty, bitter, soul)
and what it does (bounce, bubble, tear). To tell the difference between objects, you
might have to use property all the time to identify and sort them.
This learning material will provide you with information and activities that
will help you understand matter, its properties, uses, and how to separate them
using separation techniques.
After reading this learning material, you are expected to:
1. Use properties of matter to identify substance and separate them
STEM_GC11MPIa-b-5
2. Recognize the formula of common substances
GC11MPIa-b-9
3. Compare consumer products on the basis of their components for use,
safety, quality and cost (STEM_GC11MPIa-b-11)
4. Describe various simple separation techniques such distillation and
chromatography (STEM_GC11MPIa-b-12)

Before going on, check how much you know about this topic.
Answer the pretest on the next page and write your answer in
¼ sheet of paper.

LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1

 Jumpstart

Lesson
Properties of Matter
1
You often use the properties of a substance to identify it. Properties refers to
the distinguishing characteristics to identify a certain material. The properties of
matter can be grouped into two general categories: Physical property can be
measured and observed without changing the composition or identity of a substance.
This property is further classified into intensive and extensive properties. Intensive
properties are those properties that are not dependent on the amount of matter,
rather they are dependent on the kind or quality of matter. Examples are texture,
color, odor, hardness and density, boiling point, electrical conductivity, and solubility.
The extensive properties of matter are those that depend so much on the amount
or quantity of matter. Examples are volume, mass, length, and area. Chemical
Properties are those that result in change in the composition, thus a new
substance is produced. Examples are flammability and reactivity.

Activity 1. Pre-Test
Direction: Select the letter of the correct answer and write in ¼ sheet of paper.
1. All matter has physical and chemical properties. Which of these describes
a chemical property?
A. Boiling point C. Electrical conductivity
B. Flexibility D. Reactivity with water
2. What property can be observed without changing the composition of
the substance?
A. Chemical property C. Intensive property
B. Extensive property D. Physical property
3. What property depends upon the amount of substance?
A. Chemical property C. Intensive property
B. Extensive property D. Physical property
4. What property can be observed when a substance is reacting
with something else?
A. Chemical property C. Intensive property
B. Extensive property D. Physical property
5. What characteristic does NOT depend upon the amount of a substance?
A. Chemical property C. Intensive property
B. Extensive property D. Physical property

LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1

 Discover

Physical Property is a characteristic of a substance that can be

observed without changing the identity of the substance. All of the senses
can be used to observe physical properties:
1. Color describes the physical appearance (how it looks) of the
substance like a red apple.
2. Texture describes how it feels like smooth, hard, and rough.
3. Mass refers to the total quantity of matter present in an object like
100g of meat.
4. Volume is the measure of the amount of space occupied by an object.
Volume is a three-dimensional measure and involves unit that have been
cubed such as ft3, in3, cm3, m3, etc. The formulas for calculating the
volume of various three-dimensional shapes are:
Figures Formula
Cube Volume= side x side x side
Rectangular solid Volume= length x width x height
Cylinder Volume =πr2h
Sphere Volume= 4/3πr3
Example: A student recorded the following measurements of a rectangular
wood: length = 9.3 cm; Width = 3.2 cm and height 1.3 cm; Mass
of the wood is 57.61 g. What is its volume? V= L x W X H = 9.3
cm x 3.2 cm x1.3 cm =38.688 cm3
5. Electrical Conductivity is a measure of how well electric currents move
through a substance.
6. Thermal Conductivity is the rate at which a substance transfers
heat. Example, if you make your coffee in the morning as you stir
the coffee with the metal spoon you notice that the spoon gets
warm. The water has the higher temperature than the spoon, thus
heat is transferred to the spoon. The spoon which is a metal has
the property to conduct heat and this property can be used to
identify a metal from non-metal.
7. Density is the measure of the amount of mass in a given amount of
volume. It can be calculated using the formula D= Mass/Volume. Just
like water the density of water is 1 g/cc so you can use it to identify it
from other substance. Example: A student recorded the following
measurements of a rectangular wood: length = 9.3 cm; Width = 3.2 cm
and height 1.3 cm; Mass of the wood is 57.61 g. What is its density?
D= Mass/Volume = 57.61 g/38.688 cm3 = 1.489 g/cm3.
8. Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance.
Example coffee granules dissolves in water. Their solubility property
can be used to separate them from other substances like mixture of
sand and sugar.
9. Malleability is the ability of a substance to be rolled or pounded into
various shapes like aluminum, gold and iron.
10. Magnetic attraction can be observed when a metal attracts other
metals
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LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1

 Some substances are attracted to magnets, but others are not. You can
use a magnet to pick up a paper clip but not a wooden match. The
elements iron, cobalt, and nickel are magnetic—meaning they respond to
magnets— but copper, aluminum, and zinc are not. Steel, which contains
iron, is also magnetic. Their metallic property can identify if the substance
is a metal or a non-metal.
11. Heating properties like melting point and boiling point of a substance.
Melting point is the temperature at which it changes from solid to liquid
just like ice to liquid, its melting point is 1oC. Boiling point is the point
at which the substance boils. Water boils at 100 OC at sea level. You can
separate mixtures through evaporation process like the salt solution.
Chemical Property describes the ability of a substance to change
the chemical composition, thus forms a new substance.
1. Flammability is the ability of the substance to burn like wood,
paper, and the like.
2. Reactivity is the ability of substance to interact with another
substance and forms one or more new substances, just like rusting
of an iron nail, when a clean piece of iron reacts with oxygen in
moist air rust is formed and rust is the new product there with a
chemical formula of Fe2O3 (iron
(III) oxide).

Here are some enrichment activities for you to strengthen the

basic concepts you have learned from this lesson

Explore

List all the properties/characteristics you observe in jewelries like earrings,

ring, necklace, bracelet, wristwatch. Sort the properties you listed and identify as
physical or chemical property

Materials Physical or Chemical Properties

LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1

 Deepen

At this point, make a mind mapping of using properties of matter in

identifying substances. Use separate bond paper. A mind map is a graphical way
to signify ideas and concepts. It is a visual thinking tool that helps arranging and
organizing information, helping you to better comprehend, analyze, and
synthesize, recall, and remember new ideas. Place you output in A4 bond paper.

Rubrics for Mind Mapping Output

5 4 3 2
Neatness The mind map The mind map The mind The mind
and was well was well map was map was not
Presentation presented and all presented and mostly well neat enough
the information most of the presented to
is easy to information is but some of understand.
understand. easy to the
understand. information
was difficult
to
understand.
Use Images/ Most categories Some categories A few The map
Symbols are enhanced are enhanced categories includes
with simple with simple are enhanced some images.
symbols or symbols or with simple
diagrams. diagrams. symbols or
diagrams.
Has included Has included Has included Has used
color to show all color to some color in very little
connections demonstrate the mind color in the
and/or to Some map but has mind map
categorize topics connections and not used and has not
throughout the or topics color to used color to
mind map. throughout the categorize categorize
mind map. throughout throughout
the mind map. the mind map.

Understanding The mind map The mind map The mind The mind
demonstrates a demonstrates a map map
thorough very good demonstrates demonstrates
understanding of understanding s some s little
the lesson. of the lesson. understanding understanding
ng of the ng of the
lesson. lesson.

LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1

 Target

Chemistry is said to be a subject mostly comprising of reactions along with

formulas. We come across various chemical substances in our daily life. Some of the
substances we use in our house such as the staples, medicines present in the
medicine cabinet comprise chemical substances. All these chemicals are bound up
with atoms in a fixed proportion and these are arranged in a certain way. So, to
figure out what kind of proportions are these and their arrangement within the
substance, the chemical formula is more needed. The different combinations of
building blocks of matter known as elements, form what we call compounds.
Compound is a substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined
in fixed proportions. They are represented with symbols known as chemical
formulae.

Before going on, check how familiar you are with the substances you are
using and how much you know about this topic. Answer the given activity
below.

Jumpstart

Lesson
Formula of Common Substances
1.1
Direction: Classify the following common substances as to element or
compound and write the formula beside their name. Use
separate sheet of paper.
Table 1. Common Substances

Table sugar, table salt, distilled water, oxygen gas in tank, baking soda,
ethyl alcohol, vinegar, and hydrogen gas
Table 2
Elements Compound

LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1

 Discover

The table shows the chemical formula of common substances

Common Name Chemical Name Chemical
Formula
baking soda Sodium hydrogen carbonate NaHCO3
or Sodium bicarbonate
baking powder
table sugar Sucrose C12H22O11

salt, table Sodium chloride NaCl

bleach (liquid) Sodium hypochlorite or NaClO

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2
bleach (solid) Sodium perborate NaBO3
Borax Sodium tetraborate decahydrate Na2B4O7.10 H2O
brimstone Sulfur S
cream of tartar Potassium hydrogen tartrate KHC4H4O6
Epsom salt Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate MgSO4.7 H2O
grain alcohol Ethanol C2H5OH
Graphite Carbon C
Gypsum Calcium sulfate dehydrate CaSO4.2 H2O
laughing gas Dinitrogen oxide/Nitrous oxide N2O
Lime Calcium oxide CaO
limestone Calcium carbonate CaCO3
Lye Sodium hydroxide NaOH
milk of magnesia Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2
muriatic acid Hydrochloric acid HCl
oil of vitriol Sulfuric acid H2SO4
Potash Potassium carbonate K2CO3
Quartz Silicon dioxide SiO2
rubbing alcohol Isopropyl alcohol (CH3)2CHOH
sal ammoniac Ammonium chloride NH4Cl
Salt Sodium chloride NaCl
Sugar Sucrose C12H22O11

Here are some enrichment activities for you to strengthen the

basic concepts you have learned from this lesson

LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1

 Explore

Activity 1. Find the common names of the substances that correspond to the
following chemical formula.
1. NaHCO3 6. N2O
2. (CH3)2CHOH 7. CaO
3. NH4Cl 8. NaClO
4. HCl 9. NaCl
5. CaCO3 10. NaOH

Word Search Puzzle

B R T D W F V D L Q F B R E O
E W K L V C E I I W X H U E F
Y M B Q A O R C M N Z V B Z U
X V I V R S N A E G H X B C I
W O F L C K V C S O N V I H G
J B U M E B F I T V K E N D A
C N L G S O J T O E C J G J O
Z J T E I Y B A N Y W T A S A
U V F J A T P I E L I J L F T
I H U K O C B R O F Y B C R M
Q V Y M E P H U Q T O F O I V
W P T A U Y G M C Z R X H J E
H N O N O B A K I N G S O D A
L A U G H I N G G A S D L N X
E F K Z S A L A M M O N I A C

Deepen

At this point, identify at least 10 substances in your house, give their

chemical name and chemical formula, and indicate their use.

Substance Chemical Name Chemical Use

Formula
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1

 Target

Today, chemistry has grown into a very diverse field. There is a

significant overlap between chemistry and other branches of science, for example,
biochemistry (chemistry and biology), physical chemistry (chemistry and physics),
medicinal chemistry (medicine and chemistry), chemical engineering (chemistry and
engineering) among others.

Most people consider chemistry as a boring and complicated branch of

science, but this is untrue. It is because of chemistry that many of our daily activities
and needs are achieved. Our basic needs like soaps, detergents, medicines, plastics,
clothes, food, colors, and many others are some of the products of chemistry, these
are described as consumer products. Consumer products, also referred to as final
goods; these are products that are bought by individuals or households for personal
use. In other words, consumer products are goods that are bought for consumption
by the consumer.

This learning material will provide you with information that will help
you understand the role of chemistry in consumer products.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Compare consumer products on the basis of their components
for use, safety, quality and cost (STEM_GC11MPIa-b-11)

Jumpstart

Lesson Consumer Products: Components,

1.2 Use, Safety, Quality and Cost
Direction: Below are the lists of different consumer products and their category. In
each category choose what brand you prefer and explain why you chose the product
by citing your reason(s) for each of the product that you have chosen.

Category Consumer Product Answer

Food Jollibee or McDonald
Education and Communication Samsung or iPhone
Health and Sanitation Tide or Surf
Clothing Bench or Lee

Reason(s):

LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1

 Discover

The better way to look for the quality of consumer products is to look at what
it contains or what makes it up, its intended use, safety and cost are where the
principles of chemistry will come in and apply to various areas. Consumers make
comparisons to find the best product (quality) or service at the best price (cost). If
information about a product is available, you have the responsibility to read that
information about its components and to use the product the way it is intended.
The following are the categories of consumer products.
1. Food and Nutrition. The food that we eat is a mixture of various
chemicals. The food that is prepared and served by our mother in our
kitchen table would have gone various stages from collection of major
ingredients, processing, storage, purchase, and preparation. In all these
stages, Chemistry plays a critical role. By virtue of Republic Act 7394
or the Consumer Act of the Philippines, you notice that almost all food
products in the grocery store are labelled with nutritional facts. This
will tell you how much salt, sugar, fat, or protein a product contains.
Chemistry has been tapped to identify these nutrients.
Chemistry plays a very important role from production to
cooking of almost all farm produce nowadays. Consider tomatoes, they
are produced in farms. Fertilizers and crop-protection chemicals like
insecticides, pesticides etc., are used in farming to increase the
production of tomatoes. Then ripe tomatoes are brought to food
processing industries, where they are converted into a finished product
like ketchup. After various stages of food processing different
ingredients like flavoring agent, chemical additives are added based on
chemistry. Finally, food products are subjected to safety and quality
check by the Bureau of Food and Drugs and Food and Drug
Administration. These authorities analyse the content of food by
chemical tests and approve the food for consumer consumption.
It is also essential in Nutrition of which a knowledge of the
composition of the major classes of foods like carbohydrates,
proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins are needed in the selection of
foods for particular health conditions of individual.
2. Detergents and Soaps. We use detergents and soaps for cleaning,
bathing, washing etc. They are a mixture of chemicals with cleaning
properties. They are manufactured in chemical industries through
saponification of fatty acids. Common chemicals used in soap
industries are sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lauric acid,
palmitic acid, oleic acid etc. Knowing the ingredients will give us the
knowledge in choosing what is safe and suited to our cleaning needs.
3. Medicine and Drugs. These are made of chemicals which are produced
in pharmaceutical industries. The knowledge of chemistry is vital for
pharmacists and doctors. Have you ever glance at the label of a
medicine? If yes, then you have observed various chemical ingredients
listed on the label. It is based on these ingredients medical practitioners

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LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1

 decide a suitable pill for patients. The chemical nature of drugs also
helps doctors to determine how drugs are going to interact with a
patient’s body. For example, antibiotics like ciprofloxacin and
levofloxacin are dependent on renal functions. So, the doctor who
prescribed such pills needs to be prudent for kidney patients.
Moreover, antibiotics cannot also cure or treat covid -19 virus so
medical practitioners especially doctors do not just prescribed
antibiotic for covid-19 patient unless the patient develop a bacterial
infection as a complication. In this case, antibiotics may be
recommended by a health care provider. It also helps pharmacists to
understand biochemical mechanisms in a body.
Chemicals are also used in sterilization, disinfection to kill
microbes like hydrogen peroxide (agua oxigenada), povidone-iodine
(betadine), bleach and the like.
4. Raw materials. These are materials or substances used in the primary
production or manufacturing of goods such as in textile industry, wool,
silk, jute, cotton, flax, glass fibre, polyester, acrylic, nylon etc. are being
used to produce different kinds fabric. These materials are transformed
into usable finished products like clothes, bags, carpets, furniture,
towels, flags, nets, balloons etc. During this transformation, raw
materials are subjected to numerous chemical processes. Pre-treatment
chemicals like cleaning and smoothing reagents are added to clean to
fabric and smoothen it. Dyeing involves the application of fabric to dyes
and pigments. Other chemical processes are bleaching, permanent
press, desizing, scouring, printing, finishing. Chemists work to improve
the quality of a product or involve in the development of new materials.
When you shop for clothes, read the labels to find out what materials
they contain. The labels will also indicate how the clothes should be
cleaned.
5. Building Materials. Chemistry governs the performance of buildings.
Building materials play a significant role in improving the performance
of buildings. Coating chemicals like acrylics, silicones, urethanes are
responsible for reflective roofs, which decreases the heat transfer.
Polymers like polyurethane reduce the weight of buildings, which
reduces the civil cost. Insulators like polyurethane foams, polystyrene
foams decrease the heat leaks or in other words, improves the energy
efficiency of the building. Polyethylene is a lightweight, flexible polymer
which is used to create building piping. Polyethylene piping is easily
curved and deformed to desired shapes. Vinyl tiles give shining, resilient
flooring. Fillers like polystyrene beads lighten concrete without affecting
the strength of concrete.
6. Paper and Pulp Industry. Over the last few decades, paper and pulp
industries are responsible for negative impacts on the environment.
Paper and pulp industries are facing grave challenges to meet
environmental norms. Pollutants released from these industries are
sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, heavy metals (lead,
cadmium, mercury), dioxins, furans, chlorates, chelating agents etc. To
overcome these, industries are more focused on green chemistry to
mitigate some of the environmental challenges.
7. Fuel Industry. Petrol, diesel, LPG, CNG, kerosene, oils, hydrogen and
the like are all fuel produced from complex refining processes.
Today’s transportation (land, water, and air) is possible because of

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 these fuels. These fuels are extracted from crude oil found beneath
the earth or oceans.
8. Batteries which are used in cars, cell phones, laptops, watches,
flashlights, and many other power storage applications. Batteries work
based on the principle of electrochemistry. The energy inside a battery is
stored in the form of chemical energy, which converts into electric energy
by electrochemical reaction.
9. Environmental Chemistry is the central subject in the study of
environmental conservation. All those pollutants and greenhouse gases
nothing but hazardous chemicals. These pollutants destroy our precious
environment, degrade the ozone layer, enter our food chain, and cause
tumors and so forth. All these interactions of pollutant with the
environment are chemical reactions. Hence, chemistry is vital to alleviate
the environment and ourselves from these poisons.
10. Forensic Chemistry has made jobs of police officers a lot easier.
Forensic helps to identify criminals by detecting chemical evidence left
behind crime scenes, identifying dangerous drugs, and performing DNA
tests. Chemical techniques used by forensic investigators are
spectroscopy, chromatography, X-ray diffractometry, color tests,
melting point analysis etc.

Safe Chemistry

Chemistry plays an essential role in the products and

technologies we use every day, from vital ingredients in consumer
products to raw materials in manufacturing processes. These
chemicals must be produced and used in ways that protect human
health and the environment.
Manufactures that use chemical products often need
comprehensive information on hazards and risks so that they can
use chemicals safely. Consumers should likewise need to be aware
and consider chemical components of the basic needs they are
consuming. Nowadays, we should be meticulous on the things that
we take in and use in our body as well as in our house and in our
surroundings.

Cost
Consumers tend to use price to judge a product's quality when their
local identity is most important to them. When promoting high-priced
or branded products, marketers can situationally activate
consumers' local identity. To accomplish this objective, businesses
can encourage consumers to think locally or employ local cultural
symbols in advertising and other promotional material. Therefore
consumers should be wise enough to look into the quality and cost of
what they are buying because nowadays there are products which
are low cost but of good quality due to competition in the market.

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 Explore

Direction: Study and analyze the two figures below. Compare the nutritional value
you get from these two products of powdered milk. The first figure is the
brand X while the second is the brand Y.
X Y

Assessment:

1. List down the nutrients you get from each product.

2. What are your bases in choosing your brand?

Deepen
Direction: Let’s create a crossword puzzle since crossword puzzles generate hours
of healthy fun and are credited with keeping minds agile. With your creativity and
knowledge on the concepts or terms used in the discussion (Discover part of the
module) try your best to create an exciting to answer crossword puzzle by following
the given steps or techniques below:
1. Decide on a grid size.

2. Make a list of words for your crossword puzzle. Select from the
discussion (Discover part of the module).
3. Lay the words out in a grid format. Then once you've laid the words
out, black out any unused squares.

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LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1

 1F O O 2D

O R
R 3F U E L
E G
N
S
I
C H E M I S T S
4. Number the starting square for each word. Begin in the upper-left
corner of the puzzle, and divide the words by whether they run
vertically or horizontally, so that you have a “1 Down,” and a “1 Across,”
etc. Like the given example in step 3.
5. Create a copy of the crossword puzzle. This time the starting square
for each word should be numbered, but the squares themselves
should be otherwise blank.
6. Then create now your clues to solve or answer your
crossword puzzle.
Rubrics for the Crossword Puzzle Activity
Number of Words = 15 pts.
Clues/Hints used correctly = 15 pts.
Spelling = 5 pts.
Lay-out/ Creativity = 5 pts.
40 pts.

Target

Combining two or more materials or substances together are called

mixtures. Practically, we do a lot of mixtures at home especially in the kitchen.
Like, when preparing or cooking foods, we do a lot of mixing. But there are times
that we need to separate the components of the mixtures for some reasons.
To find out which is the best way to separate a mixture, there are
important questions that you must ask. Some of which are: (1) Do the
materials in the mixture be dissolved in a solvent? (2) Can they be
separated by using a magnet? (3) Are the sizes of the particles the same
or different? (4) Do the materials change when they are heated? (5) How
do the materials be separated?
This Learning Material will provide you simple activities and simple
exercises on mixtures’ separation techniques.
After going through this Learning Material, you are expected to:
1. Describe various simple separation techniques such as
distillation, chromatography (STEM_GC11MPIa-b-12)

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 Jumpstart

Lesson
Separation Techniques
1.3
ACTIVITY 1: Mix and Match
A. Directions: Match the drawing under Column A to the technique of separating
mixtures in Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on the answer
sheet provided.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1.
A. Distillation

2.

B. Centrifugation
3.

Rice and water

C. Magnetic separation

4.
Thermometer

Pure liquid D. Evaporation

Mixture of liquid

5.

E. Decantation

Just enjoy and continue doing the Activity on Mix and Match! Be sure to study the drawings well and
be able to imagine the processes of doing the separation techniques in different mixtures.

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LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1

 B. Directions: Match the method of separating the components of the mixture
in Column A with the drawing in Column B. Write the letter of the
correct answer on the answer sheet provided.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
6. Winnowing F.

Mongo seeds and rice

7. Threshing G.

Heavy and light rice

grains

8. Handpicking H.

Stalks of rice grains

9. Filtering I.

Gravel and sand

10.Sieving J.
Fine sand
Coarse sand
Pebbles Sand and pebbles
Glass
Cloth/Filter

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 Discover

Activity 2: One Becomes Two

Directions: In your own understanding, describe how the given examples of
techniques of separating the components of mixtures were done CORRECTLY
in our day-to-day activities. You may give example to describe the process.
For verification, you may refer from the illustrations in Activity 1.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
Techniques of Describe how you separate the
Separating Mixtures components of the mixtures in the
following techniques.

1. Evaporation

2. Filtration

3. Decantation

4. Centrifuging

5.Distillation

Explore

ACTIVITY 3: Be Forensic
Directions: Read the situation properly and understand what the case is all about.
Try to help the Teacher in her problem. Be like a forensic expert.
Case #1:
While the teacher was checking the shaded answer sheets of the
learners in one subject, she found out that three test papers were unnamed.
The teacher doesn’t really know who’s score serves each one of the three
learners. All of them used black-inked ballpen in shading their answers. Can
you help the teacher find out who’s score will be recorded to each learner?
How will you help the teacher? Do this simple Chromatography Activity and
be able to apply your experience in helping the teacher answer her problem?

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 Materials Needed:

• 3 different brands of black inked pens

• isopropyl alcohol/rubbing alcohol (Volume should be one-inch
depth in the glass)
• chromatography paper or filter paper (Note: You may use porous
household papers as inexpensive substitute for chromatography
paper. Examples: paper towels or tissue or coffee filters)
• 3 clear glasses or jars (Same sizes)
• 3 paper clips
• 3 barbeque sticks
• pencil

Safety Precautions!
• Do not taste or drink the isopropyl alcohol. It is poisonous.
• Do the activity in a well-ventilated room or place.
• Do not directly inhale the alcohol. It is dangerous to your health!
• After the activity, be sure to observe proper disposal of the used
materials.

Procedure:
1. Cut 3 strips of chromatography paper or filter paper with one (1)
inch width, and a length just enough to hang atop the brim of the
3 glasses or jars available. And that the bottom of the paper is just
enough to touch the rubbing alcohol (one-centimeter depth) in the
glass. (To allow the paper to hang freely inside the glass/jar).

F
i
1 inch

1 inch
1 inch

g
.

Figure 1. Strips of Chromatography Paper/Filter Paper

2. Measure one centimeter from one end of each of the

chromatography paper and draw a line horizontally across the
paper using a pencil. (Note: Using a pencil will not affect the fading
or reaction of the ink to the solvent).
1 inch

1 inch
1 inch

1cm 1 cm 1 cm

Figure 2. Drawing a Line Across the Paper

3. Draw half-centimeter dot at the horizontal line at one end of the
chromatography/filter paper. Write the brand of the pen used at
the other end. (Note: Do the same procedure to the second strip and
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LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1

 the third strip of chromatography/filter paper.

of pen)
of pen)

(Brand

of pen)
(Brand

1 inch

1 inch

(Brand

1 inch
1cm 1cm 1cm

F
Figure 3. Drawing a Dot Using the Black-Inked Ballpen
4. Insert the paper clip at one end of the chromatography paper and
hang it around the barbeque stick.

F
i
g
.

4
.

A
Figure 4. Attaching the Paper Clip to the Strip of Paper and to the
Stick
5. Pour the rubbing alcohol (at least one-centimeter depth) inside the
3 glasses. (Note: Make sure to have the same volumes of alcohol in

F
i
g
.

5
.

the 3 glasses).
Figure 5. Pouring the Alcohol in the Glass
6. Place the barbeque stick atop the glass brim and let the
chromatography/filter paper hang inside the glass, touching the
alcohol at the bottom of the glass. Be sure that the dots are not
directly in contact with the alcohol. Name this as SET A.

(Note: Do the same procedure for SET B and SET C).

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LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1

 Figure 6. Hanging the Paper Strip to the Glass Freely
7. Allow the alcohol to creep up the chromatography/filter paper.
Observe what happens.

Figure 7. Observing the reaction of the black ink with the

solvent/alcohol. Note: It takes around 10 to 15 minutes, but it may
take shorter or longer duration depending on the solvent and type of
paper used. When the solvent reached around ¾ of the paper strip,
you may remove it from the glass and compare each.

Questions:
1. What technique was used in separating the mixtures of the ink?
2. What happened to the dots of ink after submerging
it to the alcohol/solvent?
3. Describe how chromatography is done to separate the mixture?
4. Can you help the teacher find out who’s score will be recorded to
each learner now?
5. How will you help the teacher?

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LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1

 Deepen

ACTIVITY 4: Be a Guide
Directions: Read the situations below. Suggest what technique of separating the
components of the mixture is applicable in each situation and be able to describe
them correctly. Choose your answer from the following techniques: sieving,
decantation, centrifugation, distillation, magnetism, evaporation, and
chromatography.

Technique Description
Situation of the
technique

1. A patient went to a doctor with chief complaints of 1. 2.

weakness, pale skin, dizziness, shortness of breath and
cold hands and feet. The doctor made a request to have
her blood be tested in the laboratory. What do you think
will the medical technologist use as a method to study
the blood as specimen?
2. Your friend is living along the seashore. You were asked 3. 4.
to help him/her on the procedure of producing salt. What
possible technique would you suggest?
Describe how he/she will do it.
3. Your little sister asks you to separate the iron filings 5. 6.
from the sand. What technique would you tell her? How
will you describe the procedure for her to understand it?
4. You were asked by your mother to help her in baking 7. 8
a cake. How will you separate the coarse flour particles
from the fine flour?
5. What technique is considered in purifying drinking 9. 10.
water? How will you do it?

CONGRATULATIONS for doing the activities well!!! Let’s check how much you gained from
the different activities you’ve done by answering the questions on the next page. Good luck
and give your best!

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LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1

 Gauge

Directions: Read the questions properly with understanding. Answer the questions
correctly by writing the letter of the correct answer on the prepared answer
sheet.
1. What do you call the property of matter which measures rate at which
a substance transfers heat?
A. Thermal conductivity C. Electrical conductivity
B. Flammability D. Malleability
2. What do you call the property that can be observed when a metal
attracts another metal?
A. Thermal conductivity C. Electrical conductivity
B. Magnetic attraction D. Malleability
3. Which of the following property could NOT be used to distinguish
table salt and table sugar?
A. Boiling point C. Density
B. Color D. Melting point
4. What do you call the property of a substance to interact with another
substance and form one or more new substances?
A. Color C. Flammability
B. Conductivity D. Reactivity
5. What do you call the property of a substance to dissolve in another
substance?
A. Density C. Solubility
B. Malleability D. Thermal conductivity
6. Which of the following is the chemical formula of table salt?
A. HCl B. NaCl C. NaClO D. CaCO3
7. Which of the following is the chemical formula of table sugar?
A. C6H11O12 C.C12H22O12
B. C12H22O11 D. C12H24O11
8. What is the chemical formula of water?
A. H2O B. HO3 C. H3O D. H2O2
9. Which of the following is to be prioritized by a consumer with health
condition?
A. brand B. ingredients C. use D. all of these
10. You are buying two different products with the same components,
same quality. As a wise consumer what will be your next basis in
choosing the product?
A. brand B. cost C. use D. none of these
11. They say people can’t buy what they can’t afford. Which of the
following describes this statement?
A. brand B. cost C. quality D. use
12. Which of the following methods is used to separate the colors in black
dyes?
A. Chromatography C. Threshing
B. Distillation D. Winnowing

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LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1
13.Which is the CORRECT description of filtration?
A. It is the process of separating solid matter from a liquid, by
heating the mixture.
B. It is the process of separating liquid matter from another
liquid, by causing it to pass through the pores of the filter.
C. It is the process of separating solid matter from a liquid, by
causing the liquid to pass through the pores of the filter.
D. It is the process of separating solid matter from another solid,
by causing the solids pass through the pores of the strainer.
14.Which pair of substances may be separated through distillation?
A. Gravel and sand C. Soil and water
B. Salt and sand D. Water and alcohol
15.Describe how chromatography is being done?
A. Blowing a current of air in order to remove the unwanted
materials.
B. It is a way of separating a mixture of chemicals by heating the
solvent.
C. It involves heating a solution until the liquid changes into a
gaseous state, leaving behind a solid.
D. It is a way of separating a mixture of chemicals by letting the
solvent creep on the spotted mixture near one end of the
filter paper.

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LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1
References
A. Books

Cervantes, Charry Vida R. and Dizon, Reynald D. General Chemistry 1 for

Senior Highj School (Specialized Subjects for STEM Strand). Manila,
Philippines: LORIMAR Publishing Inc.2008.
Reyes, Armida Bernaldo et. al. General Inorganic and Organic Chemistry for
Health-Related Programs. Dagupan City, Philippines: SLA Publishing
House, 2008.
Brown, Theodore L. Chemistry the Central Science. (Person Education Asia.
Pte. Ltd, 2002), 67-74.
Dorin, Henry (1982). Chemistry the Study of Matter. (Newton, Massachusetts.
CEBCO, A Division of Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1982), 40-41.
Mapa, Amelia P. et. al. Chemistry Textbook Science and Technology. (Sta. Mesa
Heights Quezon City: SD Publications, Inc., 2001), 42-45.
B. Online and Electronic Sources
“The Composition of Matter Substances and Their Properties.” Accessed July
21, 2020.
file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/Modules%20GenChem/Substances%
20and%20th eir%20Properties.pdf.
“Intensive and Extensive Properties.” Accessed July 21, 20202.
https://slideplayer.com/slide/14415933/
“What is Mind Mapping? And How to Get Started Immediately.” Accessed July
21, 2020.
https://litemind.com/what-is-mind-mapping/ “Mind Map Rubric.”
Accessed July 22, 2020.
https://za.pinterest.com/pin/466826317603277409/.
“Formula of Common Compounds.” Accessed July 22,
20202.https://byjus.com/chemistry/chemical-
formula/.
“Compounds We Use In Everyday Life.” Accessed July 22,
2020. https://studiousguy.com/compounds-we-use-in-
everyday-life/.
“Common and Trade Names of Chemicals.” Accessed July 22,
2020.http://www2.csudh.edu/oliver/chemdata/com
_name.htm.
“Consumer Products. Products that are bought by individuals or households
for personal use.” Accessed July 22,
2020.https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/eco
nomics/co nsumer-products/
“Importance of Chemistry.” Accessed July
24, 2020.
https://chemistrygod.com/importance-of-
chemistry

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Key Answers

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LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1
LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1
26
GUAGE
1. A 2. B 3. B
4. D 5. C 6. B
7. B 8. A 9. B
10. B 11. C 12. A
13. C 14. D 15. D
27
LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1
 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – SDO La Union
Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management Section
Flores St. Catbangen, San Fernando City La Union 2500
Telephone: (072) 607 - 8127
Telefax: (072) 205 - 0046
Email Address:
launion@deped.gov.ph
lrm.launion@deped.gov.ph

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LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1