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    © All Rights Reserved
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    40 views40 pages

    PoE Class Notes

    Uploaded by

    Jeptha Lalawmpuia

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 40
    it_fexomnprehenululy large-ain-tiee and] Bic conti. eneyhing ht a ami iit tubamnle pts to pura Hine tet trae smut Sa stars. 4 uolwcuia {pita Pi tanta ob oe arog : Big hangtnnldsouh iheemanksstancmce aaa nth eval spat the unlvine sitln galaxies, each comp rir alia called the: tepandin around 192 contains about hundeed rg an-oge of tan, iac_orqumunt univere_ypaihesis 2_eawin_hubbie providid dvidenee tha (Paring tt abiourd tht =sdstant bebo i-ripan realex bigining —all- mates. tori nites i = leet A plate nthe tem ab gang iolnded vale lend da huge app ns gucly accipted_thet the event be «ts ition = yen z, continues wun fa |r _eoeeaTion [rmination —st-calee ond snl. [etun to eolyuptinThi tela Viti gaveriea alee in qe died tna tl don [git Tse acme hehe fo | divdopmunt ef galade A galoxy contol fot fa pia au Futana are meauned in l000g [hig poc. Asian —armud by —aceumulon smgily Hydra. oan st ing tty cloud call" ‘ntbula_‘Aeilop lnalted é ae content libel of sace aaah Ginnie tan lentil pac fp ee ta — | Pegulas gal ibe tema nase 9 diay ay Ena te gra—golonya Aaa ou-taraef “ary pd — shaped ~ Th_dpfcal— gala ave ti_most_abuadan— J galaxia. Tralaw— mmallin than — (neal fae aac Aran —spieat anes, a — 7 ee rally ung sere Bid Yale shape a flat dic with fp eat ge as ai ingo00 tiie ‘nthe mula Micha = lovncnes th ond gaor, cetivas in tha —— fie ie sansnorapet yan ti [uiedent. tea — cet rao foc pun Tit amt rete bl socal fat Tip de 354)_tlgnt- yar asi | musout raat ert sett fam —— | galnttic._tuntre: Labaut [phate yi any tig ng, [tte Bact" rowrefficeanase justin ou _ [sun — ahh abat et of fran Freeceeeeia ieee mr | g20-miliion years PO Able it ud flees alae). 4 buses ging: iy ke cloud aut iit bam Sher | Th mily—obtutun a Raoon [9 tos i major plant duaef planet. lPiute), | abliiia ond —tountieun —rninor planet | Asteroias), | Inuiees_and comets, Tht _wun,Arearat sac, cra” | cm. mulianacka.-dup.-wlthin tu inch eidng— at -tigtan hat te ma—| cilble_on_ahe_cortin. ar ev i Ne ee a an i ito (eeeeasncets [odin toe fo tox sun (Hemel plahet) aoe roe Vou nd male sihat cya veh thous — planet ements} ofa oma fade tena Legrand sataantloraptem ua ry aa a dust. Te cloud "| “Foca nessa —tely © gnet tunt stan ne | | alang with rows ‘itr. elmnints_incuding 0,4, fete. | a ep et a | state a1 catied nee ar has centracked In 1 taltheut—a_eaurte of en ler tnd Dit fait gta {nfo q_smaller_one.. with langer-e (olaud mourtsin bt, numerous vols dm ser peor Lameceury pans myn tc Chee ai The _farth Us urlque in solar eystem quit support imation” far evolution. aoa Seis large tonugh. tev and retan [on tk tarth art such that wanker can exit Taringa “if Tach, Nowa, carbon afd water vapays yyw ea rnaes)_bec | facth,rhari)_brcaure Qhmoiphee and Aydroipnur,Tempecahirr range 9 tarthfurmation Hp size ; gravitational pull & —__| [ aistanu—feam sun aie all —creadd © #hi _sptionun_ “on ib “[aurtoue ai. Miqutd, tell er gos._blakr, me tan | “anyihing. di maki te jantt® —carth_unigue. [discharged ante au carta th batt dy cenatant —| | atc rapt. Issa fm acs. | tle 0, entered tha atrcciphate— andy in| tie senator copes “fitted tt “sun's radiation. bad [ik spate — tabled and —| —| carly tif, founa - 2 a yp fount began fe (ait canuating C8, i —| pane nnn Marisa eae gg Mott 640 ain a oma tome 642 tn? ton) —_ | —flemptranin > 1370 37'o. |__—_}bistance trom the cun=+ 9&2 -m km: [urn stor fein ay san — [nd hin. atmospaue mark by ——|tengin_t aay + ates 423 zarth hour. | tank bonds .—Saburn't_rimg fa ad length. of MRE forth years sj [been_tontiaeced te mort “dramatic. Habart —_ pers Ty Sis at opal Thecings are prabably made up ot billions __ |__IMars_ ix smatier than earth and vinus but it has ‘of partichs at fec-and tee covertd: otk. __| Pnany—aatnatong gale gual Heahures Like huge acttve = is ———4 ——\voliaines water, abmaipher’ , polar ce “wuced | " = Seis s Sie in seaneaaety [Mauss 86200. (mi* tons {Tumptrare = =214"t _Lothir were nat Rogan bistnefmnns 2870t0)km— < ungh of day = [1-4 Earth hour Langthot year» 4. earth year. lamekr > (42984 ken ae —|Mon > 1900002 (m? tons. ee flimperatuct=> 153 (aihuc creme nat brawn) + fictante_ trom fa_tun=+ 118 en Keon mill ling of day =» 9.84 Earth naurs. engin si year -> 10-86 Earth year. tons Temperature =. =225'ts _(otturextreme Rot known) | 427 alition km |——|rr_tompoird mostly ot gai ard —tguid selling in Tear tae Bane ll a franc nana agility $4 moore | [however — said —ponfary® indy. thot tanta - geological || one, — : — | Satuen:- || biameter= 120660 ken Mast = 510 millon milion miion ton = 2300 km. e =—13_{mitlion’ dons a “Tempuraiut == 236 Distamn rem sun tungih of day = Lingia oF year = WAsicoids Bett (Mors and super) Millians ob objet, remnant ot Hanttary_frmation ferce araund. the suin_Ina zone tying. Buen mars— | distpate into dust {a -mettor is popularly kemed as oan i — lor tating star. hth tacts to th moon, or anainec plant ox_spoce k—callsdrhakoriie, -u—tomgosed ot —malely_nickel,teon slay Some siltéott_miberale, + | and juste. They aren ‘skeotds. (omttsi- Tote than —Aieroids) {Comeb ort the most spettacular ard unpredictable | dody inthe solar _syiken. Thy are _compaied of | ft ond_durt.frezenqaies (wake, ammonia, enethonsh Cy) fq: Halny's tomet "every 16 yracd_——” Many —_tamets travel along wry. orbits that lorry tum —_hyond flute. On thir return, the comets foe ut pierre mows within the orbit st sahien_ Tae orbit haltey's comet brings it | | clo Hu _torth_eveey 76 years. =| St lok visited inte. Melati Mutton: ua body ot mater travelling a | sped Haraagn neiiseden Bouse Inca it ie iain aca no ee _ {120660 Pionets_| diameter [mags | Temperamee! bay (km) [ied on a ry| 493g | 330 | -lve- ante SPtsed Venus | “12102. [ast | avsoned| Earth 1200 5416 -Mc-se'c: 33-4 En, 6196 | 6uk 13 Te=5'e. | aUeRsel [142484 | 1400000 | 1530 or Tae | huokea by —rlctionashen it hits ane abynniphces Hee dea a na Iueone c= [hx_moon it a.nahical aki of the cocth_with —— ——[olomeite cf 13470 km) = 35#0km, The moon rotat mortslowly than the earth and takes about 27davs {fstab pnit. Sinte Ht takes about the same Hant— [ip_tevolve around the earth, It 4 alumyr praca fa jsami_faut ar ernie 2o_thy tarts. - Thv_inkeval_—tehueen 3 _qutl_maon_Ik_20.5 dart Dilteeent plane of orbit of moon resuth In halt — =| and futon lhe moon sami te have dirt shag at afrent Hout of Hu month known as phase of the moon. —{abyal observatory in tartan wich; -londan, counkd |_| that tcuntry. en samme centinent-hai same date | funmps” back to 84 Tune. : tent ease meng ard “| Gamat mon hime fe meanoareneat_—_| from _mantght.— | _—] paste Grit 5350. | Yniccnatignal baie tne:~. (1é0" or Lt0'w 1omgituds) | inkenationalty baie tinct. an Intentionally. aceepkd dermarcation” on the surface of we Earth, runnit -betwtin Nand s, ereing as boundary bhuven teal%ndar - day and nxt, st In 21g zaq 10 ensure | Peaph travelling watward > 1 day advanue People traviling cavtiward > {day 0 ost “ron tena ene alain: a pulng waard dy gai | Data hlePavetlng eave ,"¢ day tet | —| bor exaenpes A raveler mover canard —acvron ToL — —0n_ 6 june, a1 son as he ect Zen ———| dltertly- betow tne crunt The tease a —|tn_rupenie tp an —untwnqiniribution oF Eset yuna upe—wonthe —| int tihng —] Spc tangas cfejeimioh itagiocaainomies | othe gases —{Hydraiphere: | Vfarthi, —waler —extais In tht abmoiphere, onthe surtace fh —atmaiphure 1x4 thin _gastous—envalope surrounding} Hk tarth. held by the fore prea by “| asain with tte “each crust and inJertod Nand tneerflatalion all life _tormsovar the time. [3 iu a _rombination —_p4 nit 7 |carban_dioxldt , wote vapours ard sma amount ‘and (nthe crust —ngar toe surtnee tn —solid Liquid 2 blake aeeun in forms tech and — qascous tat. | vnlinwand exhibit important hat propecia 4 sult | -a—Paying itr —atbaardinary role scents | —| ohn moans: Sega a ta [ae iio tenon et inte” ppl eeonetat one —[ Biosphere. Some timu it cated a fiomhts1a_{120r_ Ip abaut thm Inia tne Clongituanal) Fare] Hoe lp-lovnd wou |-P=waver move tarker—and_act eh firth fe farm at the guetner, a al‘iaid—zori—motrial_ahtained feo auip_driting — | | Hime tagand wave con heavel only throug) eal. : | waves are th lost te ceadh yelimag raphe» fue wer ore mort. derrusive te [Tre coetnquaki ingle ed staking of ta |) | [ei ta ae oenk ine ae dr pane | | Fhdeate ot encegyynitn generat avenge |) —— { mare | aravel in alt atrettinn 8 ag tet tt | | thepoint —oohireenecqy eiltared ue cated tocar | fe he 4 —| an —cacthquate(uypotentre. a es al [he nearest int tome surtate ot carta, nearat || | 2reagatiin_o_caringuoys wanes: =| leet “fe He focuss calied epicentre _ P.wavu vibra poralel ty dirrttion et-the. waves esse aa —Piniceneete prasurton—themakeial tnt mae co) diectHon of material, As arcuit tt ere: i (—basleally ob. 2 typn ; reais _dumity | ee eget eae : Etienne mnie, ome 2 masts vans Soo etapa eee I] Preeti tne ateeHon of prahagation. — ange thd in image > oft Tneations. toaeuer, tuk arrival | mrtewe within 105" coon_epleiniee_, recorded the_avcival ——|bon_p Aocahd byond 14s” and” t waves. Hontuer, Hotel record. only OL “oh P-mutvtt. Thus a zane_behucen128 146" Jrom “epicentre idinted—at_shadawz0nt-of—— uth waved. Thee tniee —biyand_105" assin't ‘Smav. Thus shadow zene of $ wise ld — | eh targee tan 2 wene, Cou «| Voteants—eeeuption | utente Platt _mowmnint —__ —___— [ Munnan Activ kar tpl, ining att) ——— pulling Meuured io = Richer Coale ie Sea . ruts Ute 30am) Te teat leach fh Ceast + The earths erust — fy-generally-— the part ot earth above the mohorauicie toate) Aistantinuity.. $ ic rigid. ,beime ands tepeHtn’ dis than fL-of the torthes_ tomb voluent——— (Te Manties= (35-2900 km) ae Hthe zone at earth's interior —behwsrn rhe bast ot dht_teust_and the cores: ih called Mant» in tac lowte part and 43 ________ ee “The Ctnfeal_fart-ok earth brio the depth of — 2900 km__bnawonnscore$¢conicti oF a 8} te egw Fa a lv }-duntt_Nickel ,iron_alloy Cnife)_aoith a Hmperahupe éiitimated a1 "about $100°¢ . the alter cote ia Yn_Aiguid state while the Inner care isin solid state 2 payeatas in, aa eS | {aati mg | sunt, 10, Tsu tary ater ana Bie earn gh De_Buttea_brltewd natty tarm nad juan” {mime part —J0 be fecha thatthe tar, anda eee eee pT orp hlog [Nebulae theory explain te tormatan gag area [ eyolution oh thu solar system . St suggit | ——} nati Tet | shot ties0lar_1 eee + Thit_baslcaly a diviiog of Hirae_-sinc.ine karmalieo, Ltt aust ering neta —f- heart tt bln) 2c Writ [| arcocating, to toe titory,starsferm ia mainive and If | aga tin descending. ordue).and.rtlationship of WY [J uo clouds of maltular yt rat and" _| aisen... the Nocmanen_ et tt_t0tht-—— a sas —[ — pe] [| eturnps_wonten inn cotmte »tellapse—and tormstan_l|” Qualernary— [Wola mca | : Peto titan [Fata yosng- emit eno pian nm mlon | tome etreumttatn Teettary———[o a million {Znecste tas cloud Hype scot : ert | [ ottgpcene | 35 Mitton Tit pir oe vend fun yin Hs presi form, paacd. [YU fheaugh a dinte laleeuillarcloudand—eneegid || +) pS Penwilopad in_a_doud_,-dustand qae erm wich] pesene [oat Pmvolved ferme, To med talutd the Hea eternal |} aide ta = a - 285 Ile | Uniutese=—4-S/e_pltign } = —— perma 2£0Miftion, | Fakguiar™ momentum pablo y_anaming tus ta areaatte ae pe ll poate wolf | ie ze cAaviclan tence atu. sean [ sea 70. sitlion — es Bilton = fee | Fhe ta rth, [frtcambrians= (cam ins nieth_» 1 eo ee els Cerri Meth te sae 210m) }-— uring this phan tarth_roald ham nat _| |} | gouetts toa matin tints Purlhurceoing srnduccd | an outer tata thin —crust.—eurttue cooling torauel tru ater vapour tn Itquid water Teiank malin P| Itqutd pact —experienud violent valeanie atti, Thust_tonditiane were not —tuttable AoC emurgunct at — Aight $0, he racks nt thie eco p-——Thesalld” matéetal so form undirvent lange trate tn ie rca i -malluste. ;trosion. and the coded siden: — were depotiled During. thi ea 11k apmared for the frit time, ‘mainly non. Hora Thea. tra kui ho Combeians= a during this phase—the tedimentarton of wa preduted —the_tdlmentary rackt—Thnt r0chs entain youll. of oldut Wife Ondowielan i= 6 perlods enaracierited Wy bicth ck Thi,_pectod ie ha pala This perio —| and prolitration ot invertebeata This pried ie i:o__tharackeitd_by tht _agparanct ot anima with lungs and 4fsh. ox row tabion ond rnveettbaate antes radon api ity rare roy ————} -taintatt turned —torge tand_maies— | tevontan— Li pico i marked iy. empoibians. [Carbon feraus i= Temperahure and bul maths and subi —eente_fecect emu be provest sat —repeatad many rods Swolth the test thatthe Fores b)—asere ubjeded taken prsuee_and Serer” —uitlen tonwrkd 4 Info toal beds dnd. hance ‘he ura_got {i mame Caronigs farbeniferow. There toll bedt_are_mal of cal loday. Poeemtan es There war a rata dry a ate -Furinuc— aiudlopment tock plau in_piant ond -onimal__en bath land end.ca,. GU veer ee — thin ra it divided ont = pecioa re ase Sela }——___] thd Tiraute st -———-}e) frebareous, i tha ws ta 4 dinoiaurr. Huge anima and —| yates gana average ——[ beam —ertincetheve capes nes pend tht re eet eaee |_| votive. || Eocene "The tava erupted out of roveral Pouces ta the tand_urtare_various —toems_ot ymmati and ht blanks. baring fruits and qraint_appearcd.— sats | Otiqount + The anthrepoid apd apprared Jeom_twhem th peeseet day man evalved. |_——ae| Miocene tthe nighur_gorens of mammal Pleune 2 More varittia of ndfoale of —highur- order evolved. thu. bhare, Hie cocky mount “Drrauliu area Inereared ___ TA tattert form ot present day fem horse | Proce _touenters that. mie sholusond Mrontsy appeared. - at sattr_arctic 6 yf coured bya iter met of:ter fhecetore, thie stage it alld Prefer stage [Tn pase of glaciation nag afar caching | [ iiten te anit ond antoal—aft._targe damon — fam hae gfe theie whith survived —dfewloped body hatror — —| evclued into — binds. ee —| the remak of the sneu—eovte caused. the —| of ange water boda te octane.tlaks, re, bayer) | | Hotocene = ae C +} Snews covers atill_dutreating but he oppocln ch hal_teen comme _| of ha interaction —_| [5 man onde consequences elt Hu _nahural_enyiconment. jae —pheearth—hat_four layers + thin outer n lige rote; crust + thu rocky mantie aliquid iron | j tite coce_and ine Inneemost layer Uiran_innee_cace).— Net_etkctive pale moment | oT §y oO cpo_momint 1 a _srraight magnit that northand a pole plated. of Ltarthis centre, Sut Hts change dipindl mee Ww on carn Ta? oxi See iat ranger thant farther fle |eqrdultatanal#id_,unliRc te_magnatie— Cbayt am dove square: lous —[atunys. — te | away trom. in rorth tne _qrarnagertic. field Fetauet at the inverit_cube Stine distance. [thu bicgute , tor trom. the magnet fae [um tobe me same pot [Enemy b-tme_batie ang tential nid ot mmart — | naira provi, teurgy in tricane of. | corth's magorh'c eld rome trom. [puts motien-= tm loa tirlabing Roy That lp —tesuding ia aca pea FPinay tome teem theron In ame cule core— | solisitying and bieoming ¢ part of Innercore— | foe ty raatoactuity Pw aieanrie heating of euler cere expeienus— Intinwt_convectons. Ti pfoces _it_simnilar to | that happening in a-eiciriequara tor where. Hhe—— convection lacie energy tk converted Into eletele — | energy_and_mageutic energy. tonen the _crtated magnetic fvld—_relnforea the aimady exdttng. Onn, a. dynamo ereatad and it nistatns thy Py eet —dynana sory of ene aged — ton| bene io napete Hed of achat Tend tarmagaat | behaviewe_of arandi Reversal of Lacth’s magnetic Held: ‘arin, dynamo —buit_in_laboratortes shaw —ceversiag- beh “mahire even. without any outside tnttuence. st ls also_belteved [thot —_quaisitiabie _magnite eld may also be — the tour of ales migrating — [ome_o.torqe period * of 4 | that duet —. $4 alia beliewed some _exitrnal factor. witehet off _and.rustarts ibretEwlih change tn [amagette cu sritntation of he magnetic poles. st the magnetic | | north teopptars in Hoe strme direction, it is the | hut it it tenppears in| alin Yotir_orientakon | _-tnt-gto_dyname | |—|he mognetic field nas taken pla x ay ie “| Maximum aittrence = 208m a | ut thaluingeeaup-in-Mariona Kine ort u-—undorgaing thr2ughtonkngus i | parate contimintal mowtt, Yu_anomalou aca —Fancient diposits ond diureibuon of ty sits Pak a= [Bin mer Tnamanh | of fontinental riff hu way_in wich [thoy aller —tne —“Struchire af “tne cart [rm sidect parti ob the plo a known as — |The boundaries tedower thr puaty ave the areas -——frohere_moit ectonle activity. tohes place | —jThretype_ot_movementsoftur at plate boundavia: | HO} Plata can = mae towards coin otic. | 9} ota can — 1—apack from cath aac | 8} Hote tnaa paste ome thitld:,—are the most table parti of carhand | lds icionle—ackvityseurh nee oe Jano — wm fContinnis axe —cempeink ot —lighke H lizmnioium) =S1AL white th nave the _peauiee] Mca. Magnrsium)-SIMA _ —fBing_ot tices region axcund sim ot patie otean_wher_| | volcan ruptica and _earéhquake dcr || be A similar_kieds of plata, touaeds each other some bind of detormaKan i the —9} Jf rentininta! crust: Oa_anauerage © whib continental crust ayerager noe The —ellett_ot this mavetnent onthe earths [amuchuredupinds—on_whether the margin ix_benoun| [3 continental plat, 2 conic plata orn oceanic [anda cootnental “plata. | tonvergent or deshrucsia pla’ soargin i= (dub dutetion | unin dhe plata move rewards each other — faueh margins arr callid —canvargent or [ auhuchive plat yargint The _otvanie erat 4 [quilt diner and thenee thon that of lps playa alpasfcaci LAAN 3B: sheasing ot Neutsat fate Maxgln = Then mre plates —shise POL ead other +, Ae peer towhuck the eneth Gua POS dost Re gery. no in wefen ko Fa ioe ae cat piotesstiden 9 fpicdien tk (o eal ate gating the guuttithen eich Ase in "me plated eel cots» eT doit” rece smoothly and the UNPLEN PQCEMenk Cas rep hn. ond celeende ackl wittes- design 4 as A Tat igi ea ciTuagPoontans (400-0, ative, “oanthaziakes 4,8 de & teas, © qourtatns {eea0- 8000 sg. gh Wee me aa ag eh ctep ened guaths “ha Xe Mheated Ke "cae Kot ohenta are © Bughed mena Miph — attinute ‘rentainn Cobewe 20000) eantabs, SO. tacigee eins seth oP cede recil WEGSE Coatelly So ig econ warn gage shen © i L> sea fioos Digiates ate otk ap sexed tel eames GEE gear Lak de reid Ationttc Siahates awe wage oh ore ae Ob sae oo FE ipcat utiaads, em Seety th tant oe oe ese weit, Phage riwed, is Sy] Sere om oe ae Sree came ores, Oe io veuntain ae joc seals oh Leis motion cau Be Fuse bby convection} hth LaF, Me Msama age Oe en our 2 agen, ond terion fe ae Tee ay foxtotts " tostet Wouotale wgtemse n geap ob mguren 3 is went sper Piiod ate te esi Bs na Homerton tewmed as reuntoin —ayctow Town gine, se cout waits Whar ayer de dae on fexind defamation seu emcee 45 wlghwand aiigexont wrounteit a, vs Fe athe “Routt cere, spedipc awongorrerts- spe Se at aes et who e082 REVAL Thourtain togetes: a and sytem: which tnduder “dpa, cremains ot sytem “n a E = 1 TT 1 fee = poown daa cdot at eh —S — Linea dipeding — upon tfatrs ‘and_eresida— Treipansible tort, al eat etine — 5 Physical tueanecing I ation “at Racks hs by by muzhonical Afotean = [staan Poteau: axe dre vast aneas of ~velatiiel ie md Seago, gi aa ae hang eee ~ igi ttetton “Patent ‘ ox eh _—____|_sterss_Suttirie rothire the cocks. Plains fais ase bread setae os neath cl - Sultana —fp and. 5 wsaody fpurd Ok tow te a ard +} themtro! _nuatheri decomp Fauing Wah “productive ogiicuttuaan sar arenes oties — vegitartion suitobto fps ceuexat oy sre co tain 2 Gass one tan — |} duns The minceal content jn the ATCO NIN rocks und chemical —Chaeges Ley + in_contaet! with exkenal. atmaiphere,' Loxidation, carhonaran, chlorinatim bapa args | Te tthe duingfration, break up and remake ee atom ice tc tying oxo Sabie ot —ueainee a ———usainring “and eee ket aan Pingu of nde ard ata yunthlanewlatherig may cause wll ental, fost nga the gas dap Le darn of rah he — = —s I ‘ditribubien of velanor, CarmgUTKZ Jour o earvy Inerna! energy —-} dome —tima_weathering ol costa expos te ead alee am dom tke hard rook frau, —taled tars Tintin sent lien —and-samctimas—Gastou > “Tati so dgpan.—an the —carth abt Hp indilable epportucity. Tait oppartinity t vided by —sueak zoncalong Me earth —_ eurtnte rts Move COT 5 2 i ltsaat ean cent +m ~ a_i nag 2. ag Sneek ugly —sD0_ublenaes —eeporkd ls ti oughly 00 an_locakd === roughly —20-ar¢ in — mid sor beaten | | nemdiktonn sa albne= Balan it — Land in the —allanticand —iedian ocean, The cut | aft alter _acrott ste omer zones |_Evtn _yalinin the 7h toncentraban pacific tlt, eu [en an stratan.~ heb at ngnat cone Pees ; Melanesia, nsztoland =tonge and ture | feuninint ot tot nol spay or —explasive bust of — | bette ee eras] ——— [fod voteonie ther) ace erupied at the surtaa — ae | wetcanaes in ania = tea ye eruption tart eter ——} on —fitive, parmantsnd extinat/fcuient «= fuottanats, |Voluaniuneckrs tthe —autiuity of avalano and he_tect ol thu avtivity.. —& volcano a Pa we wearth's. rusk trom. ———[hersaer—na_soleaneet jo himalayan —ciqian_| 20 inthe Indionpenninailasome-dacmant—| aes cae c Yolranatt_have bin dluavend accund taco coun of yoleanie activity: — vias | itn +} the radienctivt substances insiele tne tact peep Hom — dormant voles hee alia buen ——}pineeating. «—yot-at heat theaugn decemptitin. | atentttea Hera _eegion ot indian —— [tad chemied! ation so reuuiohe minicria ba aa I | penninsala. wr maa ESTeUtaWeM al Feld of run,moon 4 other bonrWk earth. eee A Tounami—_iu_a_ tricot travelling [RUNAMIs —Sttae waves Lhlen-an_iet off by grotagical_al vena [tncHoor ot rhe eran. vd euth across — [ine non —and incease totie-mamenhuen —oute a —[ tetn ot toausands ob tm Sonmtima “Tanaris [nay appior— ata tie —but thy ar-not bide unis | and-sner lant, Tuna ace —thumtebaue [thy art lated” tartaquanerlated —mushanber j0Ah= National —ateanic_b Btmaphicre -adminutration n_preaick Trunaeni fo infocm target counkevs about beebared a angande ese ged do bral Borges ea a reqatt_of minerals that forms Jagprttiabie ark ef —\lhoipnere. Tex _malt impact {task toning mineral are mica, quartz, caleit. damit fay. and gypaum Ta aniy are not —fosilferous, —______~ | itdtenents ore town 0 |__| roi | taedt> =e Seni fa tation bie [eormd ty Cooling —and 21 aie | aitcats enineeals—Lmagena)—1qncou!—r0CRt in Tusleaple ang butonle codes —————___ [evar The ratasort_olditied —4enm_moller-magyag Try —uiually don't iturin. ldimentney. cathe Forma by aniumuloiien 2 consalidation ok sidinentory | charattratay | toi materials of tu rocks are tc lved bom reerubing cock oF 3 rote ctasser, | -Howewee, —Igntcus—eovki are the mast impact {original sour of udienenta_ gor tdionentacy ——+| tnuit__racks —zonrain strats + thereior —}-atkn_callid__theabited caus —Moit et ite tullmentary rh _are plemeaba b {on the boris ef srigin_and modi_at origin, — Foca J tock may be clasifie = ato al they contain dona - Of Sgneous eeeoage z —Sedimuntary roi. may be esellcanstllaid, — edie eye eae aaa ——} fairy —tonvolidatd —S unomiolidabd. Meramocpiie ee at - Metamorphic cocks - “astra form hom preersting rack volta teeth —crurt ae I> enange tn ktmprant, Tire chemical tons porate tr etamorphic—cocks_are formed dus fe chans ea ah rotks — y)_iome roth aer_mekamorphitm — become mare hard than their _eriginfial form __ Marble_tram—Limattone. "diamond from carbon | The fosil_of original __tedtmentary cocks art dueoyid 2 thurtore thay dont Conesin ous goal aan uo | eaten Hi-the Atspiocerncat| ae 4 iL tne detomnpositin ak solids by wind | of covk, soil + minerals P Thoater_ t by orci contart wlth |__| -tht_almosphu | [écoded material art =t-weathered materials | _Mot theie “rotks_are are —Imperviow —— TH any et — these eotkiame may ptt along ine |} —r- planed nt not_duplaced. —Pudaing plane, —______— os = ft = — | #ll wind, wake, tee le thysteal, chemical, sy [intimal gravy | Biclagieal weathering] | erosion, fettaid from hun and ler. bar some fart Obit towards tne earth surface, a oh Horgdycuponuttle for_geten house ett ones _anatiertmportant component ote ——fatmosphie found eehtin—tessctm. above ne Hearn _uriart ackata fier and abord) tne ud —— [radiating from theta ang bv. fin ——frimening the turtaw ofthe cart codourlan,colourlet x_n tee va} ie single 92s. ‘oraugiy shat i tena Sta a_varlahle.gai_fo the abmaiphere sthich— auctaute with altiude. nthe waem_ and wet rapier, ttmay dtiount for 47 ab éme-aie- by volume _ nileintnedry end eld arcat.dnd ta folar [gion th “may bets man Ye by volun [sg 20.95" er p43" — [aa o % abort qarot ition trom the sun and — —F petetsABt tart ena yea Th tate fi tee} Blanket fe ine—eaeth ashen nde alls cally avery ae Poet tentame to ocnldar tench 7 ugoceck-e— Yee ecg Oe —[tarnin atone 4 mekore solar radiation but opaque le +he out —— a at ie nigher cones Bag cient capaity 8p sma” scope har tiint—apaly ®NU6 a” reine partition —which max igip ve inns ithe-smake=t0et, ath. poli, a aked_—particlet of encore.” na a Lt geen vatmgg bl) ——— et epmcentratn, eb duit_Baee ik fend ta bro ical —and2cnopenaktc@ion—__ TMi to dey_winasin—conipartcon tn —equotcil Fats, tne blend ot gater 4 nwacly [andlor land as on mi pasik ot compnition of gote:_the-aknapher [ny belied “Homoypheet = pf Mamoypnecri—#t exknds fon anc_earther arta [ran altar at —fokm, Even toough dhe atmo — rapidly decrease in dunsity walt taccrasing “iim —— — | ceugnout ne Homaiprent Te ealy_ exceptions — b 2} Stratmipnee 3 Linc rowenhaion ef 020ne (6) fhe thats — ‘rom (2-h-50Km, ond «te variation of tite vayour and ollutaa Int ower Jerton + atrainhar. | mehemaspnere—ton bedded nme | teapoiphice ‘ros phere Thrmoiphae sepa “Teopespherexitedupin_topapouse —charatieritad by —| @-limpmatuer of e = S1'e_ecearing at anand ot | akm_ot aquntor and 13 kab midate laisse Fane cm at poe St teas apeadinally-A4CaL ita} tit atten tad antes Pfu bate Srratoiphere Abowe He_tcpospere_tie Hic —sratorphere tapers sranga—trom_|%h =2km_—atoec ine each surfa— on Hhe_2quator. The temperature 10 te_thatoiphare sacits hom = s1'¢_m deat the stratmpaur— This sobtee 1A_cnaratdrivid by tne praencené zens layer ezonaipher. felt (rest ‘Nucipnecr tithe arta from. 50 £0Km— ota ty tarihwurtare. Super boundary, meinane wu cela ‘veragrg te Be ptetan hoff —atonsiibeee sain Aaa a THER MoPHEREr i [ie a region extend “fokma8te em — fontaim the funeHonal< ionaiphere lays. High — | emperahurs ib Aether asghn— ey ig gor-ainiculetn.t8segtan -abiorh— ork” s0lar radiation, The kmperahy aa — sharplyt0 the thermaiphur.—upto_I20¢_a'— higher Etta vonkent” lech neous asthe bi) oy. thon ben ponnbée) by (lattes hiner od a equine dichital charges when thay abjorp (Die ays, ray, x-ray andi wv. ftys. “ne charged “ate ging th name — ins fifa. | fcabering, absorp 2 Seiten, - Tneearth and ako —tonsidurabiesarialien in poeta tacidunt faa Tata HEAT 8 tranumisiion. pat ooh folar radiation atk te the spate Theeru a ‘eflction of aural ‘tirjausReiuctivity er Albido i ekpeewed ak 4 — radian. rating te Tees per tate era up GET oF THE EAR, — 0 > FF _ of = fi carth, Roughly —5<-undsare ru | gc to Space even bela exaching e | [artic surface, of thee —9LUnbh gS — tl bark from. into hd pa ino a Poa Se {acto aes aad ‘radiation 1 totus tm —olbedo- sh {aa unis ar_tooch dean sin is pace ot ff et tte throws changu the ditccttan ef cada ia spout dcly_ant ——} an radiation in " 2 (Paty andtom tasntane” balan ea torch at Ineough tte Nat ofeendintation) —_—__——_— Ty art abso bcd_by —atmasohre {ean begat — — fniulain 9 34-unith from_keevsstelal cadlat but lane es ———— ee a ee est enh och —— raid Fak ae smal ih tes tom ——| ‘he sun. — 1, Ahiaeptien—diplek the transmit ttvaugh te The sth at ano daa —aeamaaor — | mf + At maintain ites temperature ib tig |] — the amount of past sacitwed inf - 1 pp sa dan) equals the. wo tate mae [abt ibys cartn_toraug- task — Thein,giation.ond_Kemptranuse et dlpenason_Lfttuds Tre inky ot duireass_te {loniaa iar olan me ‘ne_insolanan—eciud M 9— amen cals pasing through — Scobensd ona a aa i. Serta in z vonbad oniyheke lamareing path reaches “Ds out MIRA tee hig stegnnaid [ys Abfituatrs The rat compared. fo the higher latitads The atmespnur i indiret yet by trceal radia tone below. if 7 Te plows —neartne | 4ua-levd_ecord_highet kmpcranire tran tne pious | atuatid at higner elevation te. in senpecatuse gent ertast a tern hems ds normal apie cat, ie etwas me th inemating te rgAeigat cahan olthpelgne ig nna but fg i = wiaske | sme iterenee in *he mun menthly Kmpreahve oF Tarys = ant uly RnewN w Annual range &t Kemperarey, biuranal: vigereace of Me Dighut and lowe tenn Tha doy ata. qian Polat ¥ known as Plurne! an Daily range of Ternpunahune nyenien of Temperatures Suocaly We emperanve dre wl Mcght oF a of GUC fam, thew in an Wnerease f Mr oe with Wena of neigne, it We in - TRA abo called RRR. Relevance opsinverrion of kmpsratuny, 1) anworpmerte tanaoiney. 2 Smptit on hnman tonne 2 otamune of tog | Atmospheric circulatio f+ mmbiphrce”Prigurt? Barat jen ik srrounded by gas whi have me ne fort per unit horizeni orca vweks ot any ghin Ind hy the okmoipny by Mie urignt or oir aNWEMAE WUT is te presure 4 that Foinh. The mapper psa it moxium at sea nal be Use “Wi aie prsiure dues mast copoly lh reigat near ita WAL whet Ine 6 | | mort aense . sharenoe by aut, SOK tr eury Ske of atin Ceca spina moat (Pode 7 SE stron ge armowpheric praTury area from me earth spoons fate rapids ML hig Tesate mit Ade lou rune tradient The distribution ct ale preaure i not uniform Mhrougnout amospheretnenerally pressure gradient f died a» te demas [rue bine Hohe ane valu. Mere pitty Or pnum gradient re © Ural change of free anit Aorizono! davtane bly 3 points. Presur gradicnt iota aang of diration ef ale frenure whi aoa fm gh te teo pritae and Papers fiche Wovure qradint 4 ato known as Baremutric. slepe, Factors attcing vuiocity and dire ten ofwoird POM UMP H)0 of}0 O1G, (OUOH MALI YE WOUIPPO 6 nul yuposy rnin Pw @ “yng, nsw 04m priqwod rw 4 puoday nsay neue) af niof NwpANy yim 2A Yoru PUY MuexuoYy IU UL A yer out fo uomor Aq pHIIX? yois0) ~ umouy UL punwMow pun uF po oye ae ne & wounpo ng © Would munads nohmsyny yO pulm ML UOY!ppY ug Wun NNsIId M0) of anes wnsud yblu Wiel) sonojq pulm 2UL oF Poi Te arias fore acts toate. the tae Forni. URL Te the rigne itm eds mip —and the tre fem api 24 Vn sowihern Horgental — Detribur, | H ution oF alr prisures ment Aa high agra af vane dutribution of ate priiurt. 3m all ane te ae Patton. the qiole on ttn ban of made nik prewar bela ane divi eakegorin me ties Low" pressure but High pressure bat Squatorial tow. prasurt_ halt = | Ta tquaterial— tow prosure belt a tacatid on citer { stax of qograpntcat_ equator. ‘Tha bat i enauna [Bolaruis tn. sohien. the ate ascenes spun. * | —|exknaatonuten "Nand s'f. Tru tow prstuet bet Shower not stationage ana nit normuards ard Southwards with enang“ In_stason, — TT¢7 > Inke tropical = convegene Zone EL_nino - La Nina 2.| Sub Tropical High Pressure But. a ‘Met sub tropical high —brrnurc—bult-are i 45°35" in_both tht hemlaprum. Trunt_gh be -beltt_aee dynamically —wodweed » ere a wings ‘at higher —altihudis. — obavt ul inthe subsidenu of ale ja rates tod “alt. "thas ceeds basis ae ontrattion ot dir _yolume , imervasind 3 x| “tue Polar — lous prestue belt: The fle of —subpalar tow prevare Joe [finan ba" 65" la (Tir rw presi bt a dynaenically induced rom maw persistent In_touhern —henal [Paar igh pet babe [igh psuse it found ot ane alr thougnouk tm “The polar ceglon _ticlew ny ihe dry-winds—eeoving “away team _inesiegin tit antscycente Bist ln-nocnuen—— huminbhert god taunts clothalse in southen hamitphere and forming sata polar osings Colld plac ener tis Of iht_# polar regions tne arti A sigetheand in rms of se ~pusitna, : ge fmt oir_at_amTTe2 cscs Hixouye of converte. high insolation. ond «low petsurt— butt taka The scindt fener tht _bopih_toy anit low gctre zone, The ronvargid alti — Ftiong st thee aL St reamnu 08) [ot gop rrwar_shibsl. — TTT Teer This cauuss_aeturmutation of alc_at about 301 305 fact ofthe aula ait dingy through tht. Ground —and_tocms a sun apical tage 4 a | own tlw Jee fuer tne land suctace the ir tow towards tne equator ax (stzria. —féuehcirculatien trom tne “TMC tabi, Irom tines equa tony, inthe ner tropical —eonveegeane zone 12 Auch_trculatinn keen ine “Surtnee upward and ltt_vitio ttm atl. fun eeapeated alli | opie cated vena or trepca — foe acho Ceaporation ig grab aut —| Gully dane han over contin vt, quate Ken_aut_an—extepton to_tnisqfatral le. mad in phids tata beh — —lO'nLand_ 40'S fC tu equator toast rane {utothuteticough —taporatien wan wu ouan 4 | fur ascke bids "the morn south aisibuton of |-waporation lu —bgly. controll by — dat 0c [ tempera, sina” © tomgera — ates eoabovaan Inu lathudinal be ad tea trent _sc'n to 20Sand tof. bse | se Ai Age 8 St09 process at change of stab — from. td ott bin oil Celia, it may_rach a Level when ide |b hell “wot vapour _ibexceidid by 1 —}-lthal amount —preient inte Then fu excus jniatey vapour cendunses into diquid or tal mi puundling leenpera omy tee Taunt Rate tumidty of Condensation —oreuss unaervaryi whith ox Guocladed «aah ce yy ‘below va rabt | ar value gpa ttre welt — Eres Pa plait uit Towa thon thu. point = le i pinks SA she white frast,"indw and tome_clouds.- on proud iohon ton_kemplecbuse_b lower than tra He point Duo, 9, and clouds aw. formu > a teen ge than tbc ‘bom ocean ay ao cB — ut bln acaba be Sou earth uta i “n ae [uo Att op ond ait coma tn he fia ——Trategbcy weld thu in ord ak — | arenes ena ceottr untae ob solid uh fathom, gra_ant_pinnt awe, Haman , tne 6 na BETTI OC anpat swhltich cloud wel Bly a pataly-todeng tach oe ree |. onl ov. ; ly [any eg | ct fea mene if ly of cunale nibs — is ot ot _roifitall ral ra i el el “bie Fain), Thi alte kaqwon as ecliet— eqinkall_t¢ orcaee— [hon ameihee= aden demmuer—oft bse te “rita high greuegsmeuntaing) Thee tun inal be weak vapoux fondanss aad amie — “S| Gytnnie_)teontal fain z [fain acnalet with tu bounge Teoun a1 cytlonic—mainfall. 11 ecu mally — 2a mers Lats hen water, diet ae Peat mo paid tur cour dea lei sah ie eg aiatip natin — fasta Pi ‘oi Norly. Halenad «fer vs — yar ocean tat by areund o'r | Mt engyuates the comal —tayrnern ction ‘toxama. dtrt - driest ay A lao] and anortiby-punvineenin—asictate sctn tig) aay ot cold eon ae tases: — = —[EL-Nine— phenomenon —eceurt_ashe the [aout tquatoial current inant Sacific_dctanayacie| —evere,jusning warm water te dha wet—conat cf lta Sh ear ee acto ca cudount eu__which plas _ teu begdistly since" beck reper in Su S$ttomw—jtart—ELAtino bom"

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