CHAPTER 2 AND 3

A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS ON THE PORTRAYAL OF

COMMUNISM IN THE SELECTED KERALA STATE
AWARD MOVIES –

MOOLADHANAM (1969), MUKHAMUGAM (1984), ARABIKKATHA (2007)

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Review of Literature is the secondary data collected in the form of books, journals, articles, and research papers. It
helps in providing the required information to the researcher to conduct their study. A total of 20 reviews have
been collected which includes research papers, and books. The reviews are collected using the keywords related to
the topic from google scholar.

CATEGORIZATION

No of research papers - 12
No of journal articles - 6
No of books - 2
CONCEPTUALIZATION

The Review of Literature has been divided into following categories:-

• Malayalam Cinema and Politics

• Film, Politics, and Ideology
• Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses
• Film Industries Under Communist Control
Malayalam Cinema and Politics

Dönmez-Colin, G. (2007). Malayalam Cinema from Politics to Poetics. Issue of KINEMA, 1-7 .

Filming politics: communism and the portrayal of the working class at the National Film Board of Canada, 1939 -1946. (2007). Calgary:
University of Calgary.

Kaprisma, H. (2019). COMMUNISM IN ЧЕБУРАШКА (ČEBURAŠKA) FILM: A SEMIOTIC STUDY. University of Indonesia, 1-15 .

Kunicki, M. (2012). Heroism, Raison d’état, and National Communism: Red Nationalism in the Cinema of People's Poland . University of
Wroclaw, 1- 23.

Mohammad, P. A. (2021). Melodrama, Ascetic Modality, and Communist Selffashioning: Mukhamukham and the Communist Hero in
Malayalam Cinema. Rupkatha Journal, 1-11.

Nandakumar, A. (2019). Communism, Enthusiasm and the Transformative Power of Money . Chalachithra Sameeksha , 2-10.

Paul, A. (2012). A Critical Analysis of Contemporary Popular Malayalam Motion Pictures as Compared to the Malayalam Motion of
1980's. Department of Media Studies, Christ University, 1-92.

Rahman, M. A. (2015). Marxist Reading of Political Cinema: A Case Study on Costa-Gavras’ Films. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social
Science, 1-8.

Rogin, M. (2015). Kiss Me Deadly: Communism, Motherhood, and Cold War Movies*. University of California Press, 1 - 37.
Film, Politics, and Ideology

G., A. M. (n.d.). COMMUNISM - ITS GOALS AND TECHNIQUES. Department of Inter-Agency Seminars Foreign Service Institute,
Department of State, 1-3.

Kellner, D. (n.d.). Film, Politics, and Ideology: Reflections on Hollywood Film in the Age of Reagan*. Columbia University, 1-24.

Decker, J. D., & Brennan, P. S. (2014). Political Propaganda in the Feature Film Industries of Nazi Germany and Maoist China.
Rupkatha Journal, 1-12.

Hee, & Siam, W. (2017). Anti-Communist moving images and Cold War ideology: on the Malayan Film Unit. Taylor & Francis, 1-25.
Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses
Mohamed, D. F. (2008). Ideology & Cinematic Understanding. University Kuala Lumpur-MIIT, 1-26.

Rivkin, J., & Ryan, M. (2004). Literary theory, an anthology. Maiden, USA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Wolff, R. D. (2007). Ideological State Apparatuses, Consumerism, and U.S. Capitalism: Lessons for the Left. UNIVERSITY OF
MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST, 1-25.

Decker, J. D., & Brennan, P. S. (2014). Political Propaganda in the Feature Film Industries of Nazi Germany and Maoist China. Rupkatha
Journal, 1-12.
Film Industries Under Communist Control
Decker, J. D., & Brennan, P. S. (2014). Political Propaganda in the Feature Film Industries of Nazi Germany and Maoist China.
Rupkatha Journal, 1-12.

Kunicki, M. (2012). Heroism, Raison d’état, and National Communism: Red Nationalism in the Cinema of People's Poland . University
of Wroclaw, 1- 23.

Misiak, A. (2012). The Polish Film Industry under Communist Control. ILUMINACE, 1-23.

Filming politics: communism and the portrayal of the working class at the National Film Board of Canada, 1939 -1946. (2007).
Calgary: University of Calgary.
Research Gap

Many of the above research speaks on how films were used as a tool to educate the people about communism, the
control of the communist government over the film industries, and the theories, whereas this research focuses on the
portrayal of communism in the selected Kerala State Award movies. This research employs Ideology and Ideological State
Apparatuses to analyse the movies.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter gives a detailed idea on how the research is to be conducted

• Theoretical framework - Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses by Louis Althusser

• Research design - Explanatory method

• Research approach – Qualitative approach

• Research technique - Qualitative Content Analysis

• Sampling method - Purposive sampling

RESEARCH TOOL

The researcher uses a set of parameters to analyse the content as their research tool.

Repressive State Apparatuses

• Police Brutality
• Violence and Destruction

Ideological State Apparatuses

• Family
• Religion

Physical Representation
• Red Colour
• Portrait

Class struggle

Bureaucratic Control
Source of Data

• Primary Data - Film

• Secondary Data – Review of Literature collected