Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region v
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SORSOGON
12
JUBAN II DISTRICT

Apprenticeship & Exploration in Arts Production

(LITERARY ARTS)

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET __1__

Name of the Student:_________________________ Grade:_________________

Strand/ Section: _____________________________ Date: _________________

I. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT
APPRECIATING LITERARY ARTS
(An Overview of Literary Arts)

Literature is quite a complex and consists of wide array of genres, including

poetry and fiction. It creates a way to connect people through literary
masterpieces. It makes us realize our worth as humans.

In this lesson, you will learn to appreciate the expression of arts through
literary works. You will learn to sympathize with others to analyze the complexity
of humans. It will broaden your intellectual horizons and it will stimulate a more
active imagination. This allows you to discover the skills and talents that you have
in terms of writing literary pieces.

So, c’mon! Let’s begin your journey in exploring the wonders of literary
arts.

II. LEARNING COMPETENCIES

➢ Generates ideas from various literary works, approaches and techniques
(AD_AEDLA12- Ia-1)
➢ Compares ideas from various literary works, approaches and techniques
(AD_AEDLA12- Ia-2)

III. ACTIVITIES
A. Let Us Review
Recall what you have learned or read about literature and its major forms
and genres. Write T if the statement indicates truth about literary arts; write
F if it does not. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

________1. Literary art is writing or story that comes from the expression
of human feelings that have beauty values.
________2. The two major forms of literature are drama and folklore.
________3. Literature includes language, national origin, historical period,
genre, and subject matter.

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 ________4. Emotional appeal can persuade and be able to arouse the
feelings of the reader.
________5. Harry potter and Twilight the series are examples of non-fiction.

B. Let Us Study

What is Literature?

Literature, a body of written works. The name has traditionally been

applied to those imaginative works of poetry and prose distinguished by the
intentions of their authors and the perceived aesthetic excellence of their
execution. Literature may be classified according to a variety of systems,
including language, national origin, historical period, genre, and subject
matter.

Literature as art

As an art, literature might be described as the organization of words

to give pleasure. Yet through words, literature elevates and transforms
experience beyond “mere” pleasure. Literature also functions more broadly
in society as a means of both criticizing and affirming cultural values.

–Literary arts

Literary art comes from two words namely art and literature. Art means
the expression of human feelings that have beauty value. While literature is
an absorption word that comes from Discuss Sanskrit which means guide,
guidance or order in the form of text or voice. So, it can be concluded that,
literary art is actually a writing or story that comes from the expression of
human feelings that have beauty values.

Literary or literary art is something in the form of writing or stories that

have artistic and cultural value that displays the beauty of speech and
language to convey certain meanings.

Major Forms of Literature:

1. Prose – This form of literature has no formal metrical structure. It is so

called “ordinary writing” since it is a literary piece which is written in the
pattern of ordinary spoken language and within the common flow of
conversation.

2. Poetry – This form of literature is a vast subject, as old history and older,
present wherever religion is present possibly—under some definitions—the
primal and primary form of languages themselves.

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Genres of Literature

a. Poetry — a masterpiece that evokes a concentrated imaginative awareness

of experience or a specific emotional response through language chosen and
arranged for its meanings.

b. Prose Fiction — a literary work that is wholly or partly imagined or

theoretical.

Examples are novels, short stories, epics, legends, and myths.

c. Drama — is a mode of fictional representation through dialogue and

performance. It is one of the literary genres, which is an imitation of some
action. Drama is also a type of a play written for theatre, television, radio,
and film.

d. Non-Fiction Prose — a literary work that is mainly based on fact, though it

may contain fictional elements in certain cases. It is a writing that gives
information or describes real events, rather than tells a story. Non-fiction or
nonfiction is content whose creator, in good faith, assumes responsibility for
the truth or accuracy of the events, people, or information presented.
Common literary examples of nonfiction include expository, argumentative,
functional, and opinion pieces; essays on art or literature; biographies;
memoirs; journalism; and historical, scientific, technical, or economic
writings (including electronic ones).

General Elements of Literature

1. Humanistic Value – This element of literature can be attained in the

masterpieces when the readers will be able to enhance their
understanding about themselves and be able to value their essence as a
rational human being in the society.

Example #1: An excerpt from Amado V. Hernandez’s poem entitled

“Foreigner,” which was translated by Cirillo F. Bautista into English.

‘Finds faults with things that are native- customs and living, food and
dress- were it’s not for his brown skin you’d think he was foreign and
born somewhere else.’

Example #2: “The Necklace” by Guy de Maupassant, shows that

woman’s vanity changes the normality of life at the same time the
change is to the advantage of the individual for it leads to self-
understanding and a clearer outlook in life.

‘What would have happened if she had never lost those jewels? Who
knows? How strange life is, how fickle! How little is needed to ruin or to
save!’

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2. Intellectual Appeal – a literary piece can enhance your ability to think
in logical way.

Example #1: The Art of Rhetoric (By Aristotle). Aristotle is using

syllogistic arguments here, where some of the arguments or assertions
remain unstated. Since Socrates is a man, therefore, he is mortal; all
men are mortal so. Eventually, they will die.

‘All men are mortal.

Socrates is a man.
Therefore, Socrates is mortal.’

Example #2: Rizal’s two revolutionary novels, the Noli Me Tangere and
El Filibusterismo, are good illustrations of literature of intellectual
appeal. Both add knowledge or information and remind the reader of
what he has forgotten. Specially, in one of his philosophical ideas “on
consecration to a great idea,” he said.

‘Don’t you realize that it is a useless life which is not consecrated to a

great idea? It is a stone wasted in the fields without becoming part of
any edifice. (Simoun Basilio)’

3. Emotional Appeal – One of the important elements of literary art is to

appeal to the emotions of the readers. A literary artwork has its emotional
appeal when it can persuade and be able to arouse the feelings of the
reader.

Example #1: (Jane Austen’s “Pride and Prejudice”) Mr. Collins’

confession to Elizabeth that he wants to be his future partner evokes
feelings of sympathy in readers, as they feel an emotional intensity in
his proposal.

‘Believe me my dear Elizabeth, that your modesty adds to your

other perfections. But you can hardly doubt the object of my discourse,
however your feminine delicacy may lead you to dissemble. For, as soon
as I entered the house, I singled you out as the companion of my future
life!’

Example #2: (An excerpt from Act V of William Shakespeare’s Romeo

and Juliet). Romeo’s servant Balthasar invokes pity among the
audience, when he informs Romeo – who was waiting impatiently to
hear about Juliet – that Juliet is dead and is buried in her family’s
vault. We feel sorry for the untimely death of Juliet and heartbroken
Romeo.

‘Then she is well, and nothing can be ill.

Her body sleeps in Capel’s monument,
And her immortal part with angels lives.
I saw her laid low in her kindred’s vault.’

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Literary Approaches
➢ Cultural Approach- considers literature as one of the principal
manifestation and vehicles of a nation’s culture and tradition.
It includes the entire complex of what goes under “culture”- the
technological, the artistic, the sociological, the ideological aspects, and
considers the literary piece in the total culture milieu in which it was born in
which it was born.
This approach in one of the richest ways to arrive at the culture of the
people and one of the most pleasurable ways of appreciating the literature of
the people. It goes by the dictum “culture teaching through literature”.
➢ Formalistic/Literary Approach – also called “PURE” or “LITERARY”
approach.
-The selection is read and viewed intrinsically, for itself; independent of
author, age, or any other extrinsic factor.
-This approach is close to the “art for art’s sake” dictum
-The study of the selection is more or less based on the – so called literary
elements which is more or less boil down to the literal level (subject matter),
the affective values (emotional, mood, atmosphere, tone attitudes, empathy),
the ideational values (themes, visions, universal truths, character),
technical values (plot, structure, scene, language, point of view, imagery,
figure, figure, metrics, etc.), and total effects (interrelation of the foregoing
elements).
➢ Moral and Humanistic Approach – the nature of man is CENTRAL to the
literature. The reader or teacher or critic more or less “requires” that the piece
present MAN AS ESSENTIALLY RATIONAL, that is endowed with intellect and
free will; or that the piece does not misinterpret the true nature of man.
-In this time of course the TRUE NATURE OF MAN is hotly contested, making
literature all the more challenging.
-This approach is close to the “MORALITY” of literature, to the questions of
ethical goodness and badness.
➢ Historical Approach – sees literature as both a reflection and product of the
times and circumstances in which it is written. Man as a member of a
particular society or nation at a particular time, is central to the approach
and whenever the teacher gives historical or biographical backgrounds in
introducing selection, or arranges a literature course in chronological order,
he is hewing close to this approach.
➢ Impressionistic Approach – the literature is viewed to elucidate “reacting -
response” which is considered as something very personal, relative, and
fruitful. Unconditioned by explanation and often taking the impact of the
piece as a whole, it seeks to see how the piece has communicated.
➢ Psychological Approach – set in dizzying motion, principally, by FREUD,
perhaps beyond his wildest expectations, it considers literature as the

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 EXPRESSION OF PERSONALITY of “Inner Drives” of neurosis. It includes the
psychology of the author, of the character, and even the psychology of the
creation.
-It has resulted in an almost exhausting and exhaustive “psychological
analysis” of the characters of symbols and images, of recurrent themes, etc.
➢ Sociological Approach – Literature is viewed as the expression of man
within a given social situation which is reduced to discussions on economic,
in which men are somewhat simplistically divided into haves and haves not,
thus passing into the “proletarian approach” hitch tends to underscore the
conflict between the two classes. The sociological approach stresses on social
“relevance”, social “commitment”, contemporaneity, and it deems
communication with the reader important.

C. Let Us Practice

Directions: Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

A. Please choose two of the genres of literature from the discussion above (let’s
study) about which you feel the most confident. For each genre, write one to
three sentences about a work of literature (poetry, novels, drama, short
stories you have read or have seen that employs approaches and in an
interesting or significant way.

Example:
Genre- Prose Fiction:
Sentence/s: Running through almost all of the short stories in Jhumpa
Lahiri’s Interpreter of Maladies is the motif of food. Lahiri uses
food imagery to demonstrate the interior states of the
characters and also, to show the difficult process of assimilation
that her immigrant characters undergo.

B. Fill out the given graphic organizer- web template with three literary
criticisms approaches. Write only the key ideas in defining each approach.

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D. Let Us Remember

Literature has been defined in many ways. It is subdivided in two

major forms: Prose and Poetry. Also, it has four different genres namely;
poetry, prose fiction, drama, and non-fiction prose. Each of these
genres has different literary elements. Yet, as a human individual, one
must realize that literature is life. Through appreciating literary arts, you
can have a glimpse on the past, have the chance to view wonders, cultures,
traditions and beliefs of the people around the globe and most importantly
you will be able to learn to respect the cultures and practices of your
fellowmen. Having the knowledge and wisdom of appreciating literature
will help you build and shape your own principles in life.

E. Evaluation

Let us try what you have learned from the discussion.

Directions: Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
A. Read the summary of the Harry Potter series (Watch the movie if possible).
Identify the genre and the approaches used in this literary piece. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

The “Harry Potter” series is the story of the eponymous hero, orphaned
at birth and left in the care of the cruel Dursley family of “Muggles” (non-
magical people). On his eleventh birthday, Harry receives a letter from
Hogwarts, a school for young wizards and witches, and promptly enters a
world of wonder and mystery. At Hogwarts, he meets his two closest friends –
Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger – and begins studying magic. It soon
becomes clear that the death of Harry’s parents was no accident: the evil Dark
Lord Voldemort murdered them. Voldemort also attempted to kill Harry, but
his attack rebounded on himself, severely crippling Voldemort’s power. The
first few books of the series develop the characters and set the stage for Book
4, in which Voldemort returns to power and regains a corporeal body. Aided
by his fellow evil wizards (“Death Eaters”), Voldemort begins a campaign to kill
Harry Potter, the only one who may stand a chance of defeating him. The last
three volumes deal with Harry’s increasingly desperate battle against
Voldemort, and his fight to remain steadfast even as the world spins into chaos
around him.

Genre
Literary Approaches

B. Answer the following questions. Write two to three sentences only.

1. What is your impression about the literary piece that you have read or
watched?
2. Do you agree that Harry Potter series is a good literature? Why?
3. What is the moral of the story?
4. If you will re-write the novel, how do you want the story to go?

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 C. Directions: Generate your own idea from the literary piece that you have
read and choose the appropriate literary approaches to be used in writing a
short story. Write your answer in a clean sheet of paper.

1. Recall and write five ‘dramatic’ events in your life and explain why you
consider them dramatic.
2. Of the “dramatic” experiences enumerated, choose one that you can
write about and serve as possible subject of a literary text.
3. Write a short story about the chosen “dramatic” event. Use the literary
approaches appropriate to the story.
4. Compare your short story to the other literary work that you have read.
What can you say about it? Are there similarities and differences in the
approaches and genre that you have chosen? What are those?

IV. RUBRIC FOR SCORING (if necessary)

Use this score guide for Evaluation C (short story).

5 points The genre and all literary approaches used was very clear.
3 points Genre and some literary approaches used was clear.
1 point The genre and literary approaches used was unclear.

VI. REFERENCE

Website/s:

What is literature? https://www.britannica.com/art/literature Accessed in

August 19,2021.
Literary Arts https://www.britannica.com/art/fiction-literature Accessed in
August 17,2021.
Cuarteros, Christine Angel, Appreciating Literary Arts. Accessed in August
18,2021 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vKfvdGvNg6I.

Perico, Jelma (2017), Literary Approaches. Accessed in August 19, 2021

from https://www.slideshare.net/JelmaPerico/literary-approaches-
77285501

Prepared by:

Merian Laban-Deniega