| 4 iz RT aa i (oem LY ea ipEXPERT Intensive training. Intensive practice. Be an Expert.Module 1 Communication (p7) ‘A Communication today Vocabulary Speaking Listening Language Writing Collocatiors; Expand answers Locate information; development Write an overview sentences, Matching Phrasal verbs; Part 1(p. 11) Section: Notes Present tenses Task 1 (p. 14) headings (pp. 8-9) Words with more ‘completion (p.12) — (p. 13) than one meaning Communication @1) Module 1 review (0.22) Renee) A Feeling good Reading Vocabulary Speaking Listening Language Writing Icentfy key words; Definivons Generateideas and Usewore stress development Generate ideas and Yes,Ne,Not gen allocations vocabulary: Part2 tounderstand the Building complex vocabulary, Task 2 (ep. 24-25) Research; Adjectives (p.27) main idea; Section sentences, elative Opinion essay desenbing 2Mukiple choice causes(p.29)——(p. 30) ‘experiences (p. 26) (p28) Module 2 review (0.38) CECE Meneame) A Learning for life Reading Vocabulary Speaking Listening Language Writing. Use text structure Dependent Give reasons for __Identifysimilarity development = Choose data to to follow ideas; prepositions your opinions; and difference, ‘Comparative forms compare; Link Summary Education Part 3 (p.43) Section 3: Matching (p. 45) information; Task | completion Adjective endings (p44) Describe a chart (6p. 40-41) Collocations (0.42) 48) Module 3 review (p 54) Reruey eee) [A Discoveries and inventions Reading Vocabulary Speaking Listening Language Writing Textreferencing, Academic research, Ge yourselfimeto Understand the development ——_Siructurea Matching features Collocation; think, Part2(p.59) context understand Future probability; paragraph Task 2: (op.56-57) Science, Verb connected speech, Present probabilty Opinion essay endings (p- 58) Section :Nowes (6.61) (9.62) completion (p. 60) Module 4 review (2.70) eee A The Ans Reading Vocabulary Speaking Ustening Language Writing Identify antonyms Verbs/Nouns + Structure an Followasequence development Generate and synonyms; prepositions argument, ofideas Section Grarsmarta comparisons Muttple-choice Compound Pronunciation; «3: Label diagram connectideas Task 2: Opinion questions adjectives Part 3(p.75) 75) 7) essay (p 78) (op. 72-73) Collocations; Art (74) Module 5 review (986)Contents i B Backtto the old ways Listening Section 7 Notes completion Table completion, Form completion (9 18) BEB tootiggc0d Listening Section 2: Multiple choice; Sentence completion (p. 31) Language Speaking development and Part I: Talcabout the vocabulary news (p. 17) Past simple; The media (0.18) Language Speaking developmentand Part 2 Describe an evert vocabulary (33) Pars of speech Adjective of eeing Incense (p. 32) Reading Writing Matching headings Task 1: Describe a chart Sentence completion (pp. 20-21) top. 18-1) L eS eee ee ee ee ae a eee ee Reading Matching information; Yes, No, Not given (pp.34-35) writing Generate ideas anc vocabulary Task 2: Opnion essay (pp. 36-37) [BB The word of work Ustening Section 3: Notes completion: Matching 47) Language Speaking developmentand Part 3: Discussing vocabulary shopping and retail Verb patterns (-ing and infiatves); Business and finance (p. 48) (p49) Reading Writing Yes, No, Not giver Task I: Write asummary Summary completion (pp. 52-53) (pp. 50-51) (acc EAT B Inner and outer space Listening Section 2: Multiple choice, Notes completion (p. 63) Language Speaking development and Part 2: Describe a sil vocabulary (0.65) Future forms Technology (p. 64) Reading Writing Matching features Task 2: Opinion essay Sentence completion (pp. 68-65) (op. 66-67) EF un EEE B Hobbies and interests Listening Section 3: Label adlagram; Table completion (p, 79) Speaking Pare 3: Discussing toys and games (p. 81) Language development and vocabulary Participle clauses {with -ing and -ed) Culture and entertainment {p. 80) Reading Muttiple-choice questions: Matching information (pp. 82-83) Writing Task 2: Compare and contrast essay (pp. 84-85)aq Contents Dea aeeee) ‘A Living with our environment Reading Vocabulary Identify cause and The environment effectShort-answer colocations (0.90) questions (pp. 88-89) Module 6 review (p.102) Cerrar Rural Speaking Listening Describe places; _Identy the correct Part 2(p.91) word form; Section 4:Summary completion (p. 92) Language Writing development Describe changes Present perfect over time; Task: simple (p. 93) Graphs (p. 94) A The oy of travel Reading Vocabulary Understand Travel and tourism: complex sentences: Dependent Matchingsentence prepositions endings Cause and effect: (pp. 104-108) Collocations(p. 106) Module 7 review (0.118) Speaking Listening Expand answers; Follow directions: Part (p. 107) Section 2: Label a mao p. 108) Language Writing F development Write an Zero and first introduction: Task conditional (p. 109) 2: Cause and effect essay (p. 10) i RECe Macken) A From the field Reading Vocabulary Deal with unknown Nutrition: vocabulary: Labela Synonyms; diagram Collocations: (pp. 120-121) Prefixes (p. 122) ‘Module 8 review (p. 134) Speaking Stress and intonation: Give an ‘opposing opinion; Part 3: Talk about eating habits (p. 123) Listening Listen forthe correct sling Section Table completion (p 124) Language development. The passive [p. 125) Writing Sequence a process; Task |: Describe stages in a process (126) ‘A World health Reading Vocabulary Followasequence Adverbs and ofideas; Flow chart adverbial completion Gollocations: (pp. 136-137) Dependent prepositions Healthcare (p13) Module 9 review (p. 150) Module 10 Community (p.151) Speaking Use a range of structures Part 2 0.733) Listening identify reference words Section 3 Table completion Shorvanswer ‘questions. 140) Language Writing development Write aconclsion Modalsof obligation Task 2 Essays (p14) (p.142) A Lawand order Reading Vocabulary \centfy information Crmeanc notgven Ine punshmen, Fabe,Not given Collocation p. 154) (pp 182-155) Module 10 review (9.166) IELTS overview (p.6) Test strategies (0.168) Expert grammar (0.173) Speaking assessment criteria (p.184) Speaking, Listening Ask for clarification; Follow a process Part 3: Discuss Section 4: Flow school rules (p. 155) chart completion (p. 156) pert speaking (p. 185) Writing assessment criteria (p. 191) Expert writing (p. 192) Audio scripts (p. 202) Language development Quantifirs (p. 157) Writing Describe locations ona map, Task 1 (p. 158)Pp | | Contents i PRE sc ee Ramen Listening ; Section 2: Short-answer uestions; Multiple choice; Summary completion (p. 95) B Global issues Listening, Seétion 2: Label a map; Matching (p.117) B Living with other animals Language Speaking development and Part 2: Describe an vocabulary animal (p. 97) Articles; Countable and uncountable nouns: Wildlife (p. 96) Language Speaking development and Part 1: Describing vocabulary learning a language CCompiex noun phrases Global issues (p. 112) @73) Reading Matching headings ‘Short-answer question (op. 98-98) Writing Task 1: Summasise a graph (p. 100-101) a CRE Reading Writing Matching sentence Task 2: Cause and effect endings; Yes, No, Not essay (pp. 116-117) ‘given (pp. 114-115) B The food on our plates stening ss Section 1: Table ‘completion (p. 127) B Life stages Listening n Section 3: Mutiple choice; Shortanswer questions: Notes completion (p. 143) Language Speaking developmentand Part 3: Discussing food vocabulary and culture (p. 129) Review of formal structures; Formal synonyms (p. 128) Language Speaking development and Part 2: Describe a person vocabulary (p. 148) Passive and active voice Describe people (p. 144) Reading writing Matching information: Task: Describe Labela diagram process (pp. 122-133) (pp. 130-13) | eae ae a ee Reading Writing Flow chart completion; Task 2: Problem-solution Multiple choice essay (pp. 148-148) 3p. 146-147) B Ling together Listening Section 4: Multiple choice; Flow chart completion; Summary ‘completion (p. 159) Language Speaking development and Part 3: Discussing friends, vocabulary family and communty Second conditional Town and city (p. 160) (p16) Reading Writing Matching headings; Tue, Task 1: Describe a map False, Not given (pp. 164-765) (op. 162-163)SB SR@N(-lav(oU Discourse Types Question Types Skills Recording I: a conversation between two | 40 questions, including: ~ Listening for gst people in an everyday context + Multiple choice + Listening for main ideas Recording 2: a mono'ogue in an everyday | + Shortanswer questions + Listening fr specific information context + Notes/Table/Form/Flow chart completion | + Understanding opinions Recording 3:2 conversation between upto | + Diagram labelling four people in an educational setting + Matching Recording 4:2 monologue on an academic | + Classification subject + Sentence completion | + Flow chart summary + Plan/Map/Diagrar labeling | ‘Academic Reading (60 minutes) Text Types ‘Question Types Skills General interest texts taken from journals, | 40 questions induding + Reading for gist, newspapers, textbooks and magazines. + Skimming These non-specialist texts are graded in| Short-answer questions + Reading for main ideas difficulty and are representative of reading |+ Notes/Table/Form/Fiow chart completion |» Reading for detail requirements for undergraduate and + Diagram labelling + Understanding logical argument i postgraduate students, + Matching + Recognising opinions, attudes and + Classification purpose | Total of 2000-2750 words + Sentence completion + Flow chart completion + Matching paragraph headings + Matching lists/ohrases + True/False/Not given cues i) Texts and extracts taken from books, magazines, newspaper, notices, advertisements, company handbooks and Buidelines that you would encounter on a dally basis RETR Task 1:2 minimum of 150 words, A Task 1: Describe, summarise or explain |» Using the appropriate writing conventions summarising description of graphic or | information from a graph, table or chart. | and register pictorial input “Task 2: Respond t0 2 point of view, + Describing processos Task 2:2 minimum of 250 words. An argument or problem. Formal register |» Describing data extended piece of discursive writing. required + Expressing a point of view + Comparing and contrasting + Analysing problems and solutions General Training Writing (60 minute Task Ia minimum of 180 words Writing] Task: Write a leter or emall to someone leteror ema | expininga stuaton or questing Task2:2 minimum of250 words.an | information. | erended pieeofcscusiewiing | Task2 Wie an essa in esponse toa point of view, argument or problem. Can be personal in sve Gn rr Format Nature of Interaction. [ skits Part I: Introduction and interview Part 1:Speaking on familiar topics like | - Giving personal information (5 minutes) home, family, work studies, interests, etc, |» Taleng about everyday habits and issues Part 2: Individual long turn Part 2:You will be given a card which asks. | - Expressing opinions (G4 minutes) you to talk about atopic Youhave one | + Organising ideas Part 3: oioring a topic/discussion ‘minute to prepare before you speak for two | - Understanding the rules of conversation (4-5 minutes) ‘minutes You will then be asked one or two {questions on the same topic, Part 3: You willbe asked more questions about the topic in Part 2 so you can digcuss more abstract ideas, Total test time: 2 hours and 45 minutes (+10 minutes transfer time for Listening)PERC Saar Saco s een ene ea career Detect ce Nese ac ac Beet oc cucu) cea Sere ace ew (Task 1) 1 Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1 How do you communicate with others? 2. What do you think the saying a picture says a thousand words means? Do you agree with it? 3. How do you think the pictures above were taken? 4 How much do you trust what you see on the internet? 2 Work in pairs. Look at the types of communication below and discuss the questions, document-sharingsites emoticons sendingted messages seffies social media profiles video-conferencing 1 When do you prefer to use these types of communication? Why? 2 Choose two types of communication and describe the advantages and disadvantages of each 3 Do you think they will continue to be popular in the future? Why/Why not?iT: "Reading (Matching headings) Before you read 1 Workin pairs and discuss the questions. Check the meaning of the words in bold in a dictionary ifmecessary. 1 What is your favourite image on your smart phone? Where did you find/take it? 2 Doyou think people and things in photographs appear the same as they do in real life? Why/Why not? 3. Do you think photographs are a more reliable record than descriptions? Why/Why not? 2 Look at the passage on page 9 and discuss the questions. 1 Where would you expect to see ths kind of passage? Look at the title. What i the topic of the passage? Read the introduction. What is the passage about? What is a photographic artefact? 2 3 Identify topic sentences 3a_Lookat the underlined topic sentence in paragraph B of the reading passage and answer the questions. 1. What does a topie sentence do? A link back to earlier paragraphs 8 explain the main subject of the paragraph 2 What two things are compared in this topic sentence? ‘A the causes and effects of photographic artefacts B the human eye and cameras b There are words in the passage that relate to the topics A~C. Which topic is repeated more in paragraph B? A distance B design recent changes © Whatis the best heading for paragraph B? 1. Digital cameras see better in the distance than old cameras 2 Digital cameras and people see distance differently 4a Underline the topic sentence in paragraph C. Is it the first sentence? What is the main idea of this paragraph? b_ Which topic is repeated in paragraph C? Communication today © Choose the heading that best matches paragraph G 1 Inaccurate photos caused by advanced timing methods 2. How new cameras avoid mistakes made by earlier devices Test practice > TEST STRATEGIES page 170 5 Choose the correct headings for paragraphs A and D-G from the list below. You have two more headings than you need. List of Headings 1 When you have to learn more from the photographer ii Notan exact copy of what we see iii One material that always creates dificuties iv Web companies that cheat customers Altering images to deceive the viewer vi The closer you get, the more images change vii A lack of mystery in todays images Task analysis 6 Workin pairs and discuss the questions. 1 Does identifying the topic sentence help with the Matching headings task? 2 Did either of you do the following + read the headings, then look for matching sections in the text? * read the te quickly dent the topic ofeach paragraph, then look for headings that mat Discussion 7 Workin pairs and discuss the questions. 1. Do you think that the growth of digital photography has been a good thing? 2. Are people more easily persuaded to believe things because of the internet? 8 Student's Resource Book > Reading pages 6-7 MyEnglishLab > 1a ReadingModule 1 ‘Communication THAT’S NOTA GHOST IN YOUR PICTURE, IT’S JUST THE WAY YOUR DIGITAL CAMERA WORKS. A There has been a clear relationship between technological development over the years and a fascination with ‘ghost’ photography. Images of unexplained circles of light, ghostly sists and human shaped images fil social media pages on the internet. The explanation is simple: few people realise how digital eameras work. The fict that an image only ‘appeared’ in the photo, but not real lif isnot a sign ofits ghostly origins. In fact, it isa perfectly normal part of digital ‘photography. Scientists call them ‘photographic artefacts, because they show things that only exist because itis a photograph. Put simply, contrary to popular belicf, things in photos look diferent from real lift. B The biggest cause of photographic artefacts is the contrast berween how the ‘depth of field’ works in modern cameras and in the human eve. This is because although its now possible ro take excellent pictures of things faraway, the quality of photos of objects that are very near i less accurate Light causes these misrepresentations. The level of ight never changes when humans stare at objects. However, this is noc what happens with digital cameras. When a camera points at alight, the ight becomes stronger and stronger. ‘Orbs, which are perfect circles of light, are the most common photographic artefact and they are often the result of light reflecting off water or insects in the air near the camera C Ieiseasy to see why humans se diferenty from digital cameras. However, digital cameras are also significantly diferent from the old film cameras. In many ways, digital cameras give les reliable results. For example, modern functions allow digital cameras to scan the image more than. ‘once over a period of less than a second, or to automatically select how long the lens is open. Generally this prostuces better photos, bu ifthe camera moves during the photo, it may | record mulkple images, creating the appearance of ghostly | forms. Ghostly mists often appear when the camera picks up the photographer's own breath on a cold night when the lens {is open for longer. This never happened with film cameras. D Filming under cetain conditions wil often produce unusual lighe efecs in digital prints. For instance, ass often makes objects such asa light source behind the photographer appear inthe printed photo. Ifthe glass i clean, it may not be obvious that there was a window and all you sc isan object that ‘wasn't there when I took the photo’. A fimous UFO photograph showed two dear brighe sucershaped objects ying across a blue sy. although very believable, twas, infact, just a reflection of some streetlights behind the photographer. E Most digital cameras come with a good zoom function, letting us take photos from far away. However, at some point, digital cameras can no longer produce clear images anymore. As you go near, instead of seeing the image as 4 continuous piceure, the digital image becomes pixelated, which means it appears asa group of coloured rectangles. ‘Whar you sce in prin is very diferent from the object in real life, and the purest example of an artefact ofthe pixellation process. As humans, we specialise in recognising faces or familar things in random patterns, and may tat to imagine things that were not there. In one case, an image with the physical appearance of a ghostly face in a red top appeared in a photo. Zoom out, and it looks more like a doll. Zoom ‘out further, where the camera can cope with the amount of information it receives, and you can see it’s actually a rope holding up a fag, F A final group of photos have started appearing on the internet, Fakes, images created by computer, are not as common on internet sites 3s you'd imagine, even though it’s posible to produce believable images with photo-editing software. Many smartphones contain apps which make it ery casy to produce versions of photos with human forms added ‘Most of these are easy t0 spot G In considering photographic artefacts, itis necessary to also consider the story. In many cases, the ghostly nature depends entirely on the fact that the phorographer's claim ‘that wasn't there when I took the photo” Often the unexpected appearance of an orb oF mist in a photo leads the owner to make enquiries, and once they stat to share information with people who believe the place or area to be haunted, they | become aware of the possibility that the story could be true. ‘Such photos end up relying on witness statements to support the claims, which are often unreliable. One thing is sure: ghostly images will continue to appear until smart phone technology moves on.Module 1 ‘Communication Vocabulary Collocations a Match words from A with words from B to form collocations. A become dear physical share social technological B ‘appearence aware development information media relationship Use the collocations to complete the sentences. Check any unknown words in a dictionary. 1 tS often acceptable to make decisions based on people's 2 rarely contain honest representations of friends lives. 3 People usually of international events through online news feeds. 4 Thereisa between online stories and general public opinion. 5 Now that researchers are more scientific advances. 6 isnot always a good thing on the web, there ¢ Work in pairs. Can you think of any examples to support the ideas in sentences 1-6? Phrasal verbs 2a Match the beginnings of the sentences (1-8) with the endings (A-H). 1 Itcan be hard for me to get 2 ts not helpful to bring 3 | lke ituhen people point 4 | would sum 5 When | write, | often leave 6 I'm better at picking 7 Online videos can help to spell 8 If fiends get into an argument, | back A out my errors to me. B up on other peoples mistakes than my own C up my experience of IELTS very positively! D out how to do practical things E up old fears or worries F them up every time G outarticles and prepositions. H across my ideas in English b Match the phrasal verbs in bold with the meanings below. bring attention to explain explain very early mention otmention notice summarise suppor ¢ Write the phrasal verbs in your vocabulary notebook. Then compare how you recorded the words with another student. Is it helpful? Words with more than one meaning 3a_ Look at the pairs of sentences. Match the word in italics in A and B with the correct meaning below. 1A That knife has a dangerous point. B | don't see the point of sharing photos. idea or opinions sharp end 2A The scientist gave an account of his work B My wages are paid into my accoumt where you keep your money in a bank a written or spoken description 3A She's an expert in the area of mechanic engineering, B The police closed off the area a subject or group of activities a part ofthe country or city 4A The man argued that the intemet was unsat B | heard my neighbours argue outside. disagree in an angry way give clear reasons for something b Decide which sentence in each pair is more likely to be found in academic texts. Communication 4° Complete the article with the noun form of the words in brackets. Sometimes a plural form is needed. cou Talk about teenagers, and the 1 coursation (converse) often turns to the problems that teenagers face. Older people might argue that 2 (communicate) is cifcult because young people and adults do not share the same values. Buta study has shown that there is sill general 3 (2aree) among both generations on the big questions init, Over 80 percent of adults and teens said honesty and teling the truth were most important. Interestingly, teenagers might want to (understand) of each evelop beter 4 ‘other Over half the teens said thet they thought thei trends valued § honesty, Changes in 6 (technical) have not made much 7 (differ to the way young People reiate to other people. Over 72 percent said that they had talked to their parents about the really aificult subjects, Ike alcohol, dating and drugs. And when it came to these difficult 8 (discuss), cover Naif aie that they tustec thelr parents! 9 (decide) more than anyone else's (popuier) more than ‘Student's Resource Book’> Vocabulary page MyEnglishLab > ta VocabularySpeaking (Part 1) Expand answers 1a Workin pairs. Take turns to answer the questions, Try to talk for more than 20 seconds. Use the phrases below to help you introduce your opinions Hind that. [tend to t On the whole, I think that Well is hard to say, but 1 Do you lke spending time with friends? Why? tivities do you and your friends like to do gether? 3 Who do yor friends or refer to talk to about problems: jo you think are the qualities of a goo from spending time with your family? b Workin pairs and discuss the questions. 1 When answering the questions, are you able to speak for more than twenty seconds each time? 2 How do you think you could expand your answers 3 How di ompts help you? ‘MyEnglishLab > 1a Speaking A and B Module 1 ‘Communication 2a (U1. Listen to the students answering the questions in Exercise 1a, Match the students (A-F) with the questions (1-6) Ape a CRE Oe ee oe Look at the phrases the speakers used to expand their answers. Match the phrases in italics (1-6) with the purposes (A-F). of being with family is, the downside of being away is Take schoolwork, for instance, I'm sure that everyone enjoys spending time That's because different people ime we just ike hanging out The benef Giving reasons Stating advantages Stating disadvantages Expressing a habit Stating certainty i 2 3 4 5 6 A Giving examples B c D E F ¢ Work with a different partner. Take turns to ask two questions from Exercise 1a, Use at least two of the phrases in Exercise 2b each time. Test practice > TEST STRATEGIES page 172 > EXPERT SPEAKING page 185 3 Workin pairs. Practise giving opinions on the test tasks below. Remember to expand your answers. Communicating with people for the at do you use your mobile phot most: texting, phone calls etc? [Why?] Do you think there are some situations when it is better to write than talk? [Why?] Dao you sometimes go a long time without contacting people? [Why?] How have forms of communi \anged in ‘your lifetime? Task analysis 4 Workin pairs and discuss the questions. 1 Didyou express 2 Did you use any introduce your opinions witha range of the phrases expand your answers? xercise 2b to ilModule 1 Communication Listening (Section 1) Before you listen 1 Work in pairs and discuss the questions 1 How often do you use your mobile phone? 2 Why did you choose your mobile phone? 3 How do you pay for your mobile phone calls? Locate information 2a 12 You are going to hear part of a conversation between a mobile phone company sales representative and a customer. What do they discuss? 1 anew mobile phone 2 anew mobile service contract b (B12 Listen again and complete the sentence. You will hear two words that could fit the gap: mobile and home broadband, The customer wants the contract only. € Look at the audio script 1.2 on page 202. How did you know home broadband was the wrong answer for Exercise 2b? 4 (13 Read the sentence and listen to the next part of the recording. What signal words (words Which signal when an answer is coming) do you hear? What is the answer? Check in the audio script 1.3 on page 202 Student mobile plan Comes with a free Sun 1 phone Test practice > TEST STRATEGIES page 168 3a Read questions 2-10 in the test task and answer the questions. 1. What kind of information will you need (how much, what, how rary, etc.)? 2 What signal words do you need to listen for? 12," biyeapistay > ta Litenng b (14 Now listen and complete the test task. Questions 1-10 Complete the notes below Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Student mobile plan Comes with a free'Sun1__' phone Minimum contract 2 600 minutes included No limits on the number of 3 Costs: £25 per month months Call-only plan Pay when you start the plan Includes: 5 rminutes for calls Name: David 6 7 studentuni.ac.uk Main use: Keeping 8 Pay by9 fist Need to collect from 10 _ Task analysis 4 Work in pairs. Look at audio script 1.4 on page 202 and discuss the questions. 1 Which signal words show you an answer is about tocome? Did you hear them al? 2 Ifyou got some answers wrong, can you see why? Discussion 5 Workin pairs and discuss the questions. 1 Do you have a favourite make of mobile phone? WhyWhy not? 2 Do you think you will use your phone more in future? Why/AWhy not?[Tanguage development Present tenses > EXPERT GRAMMAR page 173 1a Choose the correct option in italics to complete the sentences. 1 look / am looking for a new phone plan 2 Whats that including / does that include? 3 We offer / are offering it at that price for a shot period 4 How much data are you wanting / do you want? 5. Ate you using / Do you use your phone for games regularly? 6 All you are needing / need to do is sign here, b Which of the verbs in are not normally used in the continuous form? 2 Complete the sentences with the correct form cof the verbs in brackets so that they are true for you. 11 fastadag (study) for ny LTS eam at the moment. 2: \__~ (work) right now. 3 Lusually____ (work as/study), 4 The thing that |__(enjoy) the most about my course/job is 5 The people | (work/study) with are 6 Inmy free time, | Usually 3a Read the article. What coven think @ mood is? fe study of online moods 11s / ere large field of research. Every time you type ¢ word, litte sians of yourmood 2 shows / show themselves. For exemple, type alot of mistakes late at night, and the computer tightly or wrongly 3 thinks / think you 4 is / ore tired ‘and less concerned about details, so you may be in the mood to spend some money! Anything you have _tecently viewed online 5 appears / eppear on your ‘screen in adverts, knowing this is the moment you'll “probably weaken. Changes in your status from’single’ to dating’ 6 send / sends the kind of information “Testaurant and clothing companies love to hear. “while clicking ‘upset stomach late into the night duces / produce a very different set of rts on your screen. But maods also tell social archers ¢ lot about public opinion end 8 predicts / fhow'we might act in future. One recent study 19200 different moods 9 shows / show that bad “mivods online appear more often than good moods. Iteould just be that when people 10 is / are feeling own, they need to talk to others more, Healthcare Services and the government 11 hopes / hope information ike this may help them make better decisions. Book> Language development page 9 MyEnglishLab > 12 Language development Module 1 Communication Choose the correct options in italics to complete the article. 4a Read the essay below. What essay questions does the paragraph answer? 1. Mobile phones have benefited society. Discuss. 2 Towhat extent have mobile phones changed the way people shop? These days, times 1 arechaing (change) fast, and more and more people 2 (use) the internet for daily tasks. The majority of people in my country never 3 (visit) the travel agent’s to book a holiday. They 4 (use) their smart phones to ‘check things like cinema times. Nobody 5 (pring) their photos anymore, people 6 (not phone) to book tickets to a sporting ‘event or the theatre. We 7 (turn) to technology more and more. But this 8 people 9 {not come) without problems. Many (rate) ‘losing their phone’ as their biggest fear, and currently, governments 10 (not do) enough to keep us safe online. b Complete the essay with the correct form of the words in brackets. © Workin pairs and discuss the question. Do you think that mobile phones have benefitted society? Why/Why not? 5a Look at the Part 1 speaking questions (1-4). Underline the tenses in the questions. What tense are they? 1 Are you working or studying at the moment? 2 What do you like best about your course? 3 Is there anything you DISLIKE about your course? 4 What are you planning to do when you finish your course? b Choose the correct option in italics to complete the responses. 1 I study /“m studying English at the moment. 2 I want /'rm wanting to take the IELTS exam soon. 3 really lke /‘m really liking studying with people from other countries. 4 | dont lke /'m not liking the amount of vocabulary that we need / are needing to learn. 5 | plan /'m planning to apply to university in Australia ¢ Work in pairs, Take turns to answer the questions in Exercise 5a. 1314 ‘Module 1 ‘Communication Writing (Task 1) Write an overview ¢ What does the introductory sentence do? > EXPERT WRITING page 192 1 gives examples of tends 2 introduces the main topic ofthe chart 1a Match the introductory sentences (1-3) with the 3 gives summary ofthe results charts (A-C) below. d_ How is an overview sentence different from an 1 The chart illustfates mobile phone use among introductory sentence? cifferent age groups in the UK in 2075, 2. The graph gives an overview of spending on mobile phones and landlines in the USA over a ten-year period from 2000 to 2010 3 The graph shows which services people usedon Test practice their smart phones over a four-year period. 1 Ittalks about the questions that the researchers hoped to answer 2. Ittalks about the results that researchers reported. > TEST STRATEGIES page 17 A 2a Look at the chart below. Which graph shape in Exercise 1 is most similar to the reasons why = mcbile people ‘friend’ others on social media sites? Is the shape the same for reasons to ‘unfriend’? landing aig b Write an introductory sentence and an overview sentence for the chart below. The chart below shows the main reasons why . people choose to make or break friendship connections on a popular social media site. Under 25 Summarise the information by selecting oe 35 and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words. 8 Wi Percentage Percentage € [ieioeeeeees % who fiend vwho unfiend | | 70 el ech a — imernet — phone calls Match the overviews that explain trends (1-3) with the charts (A-C), 1 We can see from the chart that under-25s spent more time on mobiles than any other age group. 2. The line graph shows that considerably more people uses their phones to access the internet rather than make phone calls, and the gap between the two is growing, 3 The line graph shows that although people spent more money on landlines in the fist half 0 study, mobile phone expenditure became higher from 2006 onwards ‘Student's Resource Book> Writing page 10,1b Listening (Section 1) Before you listen 1 Workin pairs and discuss the questions. 1 Which type of job hink you would like in the media? Use the ideas below, or your own advertising sales website d 1 video blogger ner 2. What responsibilities a involved in that job? Test practice > TEST STRATEGIES page 168 2 G15 Complete the task. Try to predict the kind of information you need for each gap and remember to listen for signal words. What are other w 6 Whatis, Back to the old ways Questions 1 and 2 Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Students dying: 1 Student is in the 2 year of course Questions 3-5 Complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. Position | Where Food assistant | at the 3 4 at the local newspaper office Receptionist. inthe5 at university Questions 6-10 Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. STUDENT DETAILS Name: Ruby 6 ss: 7__ Halls, Room No. 6003 Main skills: Graphic design and 8__ Place of interview: 9 building am Task analysis 3a What caused you the most problems in this listening task? 1 of recording/missing the ans 2 losing focus 3 writing the wrong word down b Compare your ideas with another student. ‘Student's Resource Book > Listening page 11 MyEnglshab > 1b Listening LeModule 1 Communication Language development and vocabulary Past simple > EXPERT GRAMMAR page 173 1 Complete the sentences with the correct past form of the verbs in brackets. 1 |__= (eal earlier about a part-time job. 21 (not want) to take on any extra work in my frst year. 3 A-couple of other jobs (come) in yesterday. 4 {you do} any graphic design on your course last year? 5 |___ take) a course on computer programming, and 2 Workin pairs, Talk about a technology you used when you were young, compared to now. Listen to your partner and check that they use the past tense correctly, 3 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. (do) pretty well By the year 1400, everything was in place for the Industrial Revolution to begin, notin Britain, where it eventually 1 ber (begin) three centuries later, but in China. Without doubt, advances in media 2 (mean) the Chinese were able to advance their understanding of science. The discovery of black ink3 (lead) to a revolution in communications in China, while other nations still 4 (choose) to cut words into stone. The invention of paper in AD 200 also 5 (let) them share ideas cheaply, as well as easily. Before that, they 6 (write) documents by hand on more expensive bamboo or silk. Once they had affordable paper, they 7____ (undertake) the next obvious thing - printing. By AD 700 they 8___(be) impatient with hand-copying. By using individual wooden letters and ‘words which could be moved, they 8 (eal) with the challenge of producing copies in minutes. The amount of shared knowledge 10 (ise) rapidly after this time. Before that, they printed documents from words fixed onto paper, which they 1 (ebuild) every time they needed anew piece of information. They also 12__ (dream) up camera technology iong before the Europeans. ‘Around 400 BC, Mo Tzu, 13 (draw) up plans for ‘a working camera, Descriptions of the first camera ‘obscura in AD 1000 suggest they got it to work. The media 4a Match the beginnings of the sentences (1-8) with, the endings (A-H). Check the meaning of the words in bold in your dictionary. | think 24-hour TV news channels changed Intemational news agencies should These days big events News channels should not just give People are not interested in Professional writers check their stories The content of newspapers Itis often hard to get expert eam keno A before they broadcast them B only employ local reporters. how journalists report the news. D views on difficult subjects. E their audience stories that are popular. F are reported in too much detail G serious issues lke the environment H can get very repetitive Do you agree with the opinions? Expand your ideas with reasons or examples. Complete the extract from an essay with the words from Exercise 4 ‘These days, the 1 might be mainly fashion and animal photos, but for many years the media was almost as powerful as the president, the government of many newspapers and the law courts. The work of the 2 who researched and wrote stories, and the intemational news 3_which sold those stories around the world, were important. Very few people had the poner to4 ___radio or television programmes, and people respected and trusted the 5_ they expressed. Television companies believed it was their responsibilty to educate their 6 As well as reporting on interesting 7__that had happened that day, there were often special programmes on big 8__, such as poor housing or the environment. 16 smuden' Resource Book > Language development and Vocabulary pages 12-13. ilyEnglshLab > 1b Language development and Vocabulary"Speaking (Part 1) Vocabulary development 1 Work in pairs and discuss the questions. Check the words in bold in a dictionary. 1. What was the last news article you read? What was the subject? Was it entertaining, informative, irritating or something else? Why? 2 Doyou prefer current affairs stories or human interest stories? Why? Do you ever read the gossip columns or the back pages with spor? 3. Do youlike to catch up on personal news wit! friends? Do you like to talk problems through with them? Why/Why not? Fluency and coherence 2a EJs Listen to Daniella. While you listen, look at the fuency descriptions below and choose the options which best describes Dantella’s performance. 1 able to speak alone for about 30 seconds / needs to repeat ideas or pau: 2. uses different connectors (because, although, while, etc.) / uses the same connectors quite often 3 sable to speak at a read-aloud speed / sometimes goes much slower b Turn to page 184 and look at the descriptors for Bands 5 and 6 for Fluency and coherence. Match the phrases in Exercise 2a with a phrase with 2 similar meaning in the band descriptors. ¢ G17 Listen to Nicholas. Do you think Nicholas is better or worse that Daniella? How well do you think he expands his answers? Student's Resource Book > Speaking page 14 Module 1 Communication Test practice > TEST STRATEGIES page 172 3 Workin pairs and complete the test task. Take tums to ask and answer questions. Record your answers so that you can listen later, Learning about the news Do you read newspapers? Why/Why not? + How do you prefer to learn about news events? Why? + How do you share personal news with frends? + Do you like hearing your friends’ news? Why/ Why not? Assess and improve 4a What areas of fluency do you need to improve? 1 speed 2 using phrases like Well. Actually 3 not repeating ideas 4 expanding answers 'b Which method would you like to try? 1 recording your voice and playing it back 2_practising chatting with friends outside of class 3 singing along with songs in English 4 another method 17Module 1 Communication | Reading (matching headings; Sentence completion) Before you read 1 Workin pairs and answer the questions. 1 When was the last time you read a book, but dicr't finish if? What about an article? What happened? 2 Do you preter to have your news selected for you, with only the kinds of stories you enjoy? Why/ Why not? 2 Look quickly at the passage on page 19 and decide what kind of text itis, What clues are there in the passage to tell you? 1 Ahistorical text, explaining how things changed over time, 2. An argument with lots of different opinions on a subject. Test practice > TEST STRATEGIES page 170 3 Complete the test task. Remember to use the topic sentences of each paragraph to help you understand the main ideas. > HELP Paragraph 8 This writer profers to use the first sentence of, Paragraphs to link back to the paragraph before. Where does this writer tend to put topic sentences? 7 Names with capital letters or numbers are easier to find ‘quickly in texts. Which paragraph contains numbers? Task analysis 4a Did finding the topic sentences help you to match up the headings? b How could you become quicker at this kind of task? + notworry about difficult words + seta time limit for each paragraph *+ use clues in the paragraph (like topic sentences and repeated topics) 18 Questions 1-6 ‘Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-G from the list of headings below. Write the correct number i-ix. List of Headings i Sharing half-understood ideas An old situation that’s now more intense ‘Too much knowledge can be bad iv Statistics showing how people read v_ Pleasure in unhealthy content vi Longer-lasting memories from books vii_ Increased capacity for critical thought Vili_Living in a world of your own ix Only reading the reviews X A biological response to habits Example Paragraph A iv 1 Paragraph B___ 2 Paragraph 3 Paragraph D__ 4 Paragraph E____ 5 Paragraph F__ 6 Paragraph G___ Questions 7-10 Complete the sentences below. ‘Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer, 7 Around a third of internet surfers stay on a page for 8 According to Josh Schartz, the number of people who leave is greater than the ‘number who finish reading 9) Michael Merzenich found that brains still changed after the period of. came to an end. 10 ‘Psychological obesity’is the natural preference for shocking in articlesModule 1 Communication EDUCATION Why reading online may be slowing your brain down A If the person reading this article were reading online, I ‘would need to keep things brief. A lot of you would have left already. For every 150 ‘readers’ who open an article oon the internet, one in three of them will Jeave within seconds. Of the 100 who stay, only 95 will be able to ‘concentrate and look beyond the photograph and headline at the top. Even fewer will get t0 even the middle of the article. Put simply, only a very small number of people ‘actually read articles on the web. B Not being able to stay focused is a problem, Deeper levels, ‘of thinking and understanding may be something we are losing now much of ourreading is going online. A. V. Kak found in one study that people were able to remember more information from an article that they read on paper, than a similar group who read the same article online. Imagine the effect ofthis on 2 medical student who only studies papers online. Surfing the internet may seem Tike an efficient way of reading, but getting the physical text out ofthe library means you're less likely to forget C Even more dispiriting is the way these poor understandings are being passed on to others. Evidence suggests that people are creating links to articles they have not fully read, and even adding comments before getting to the end. Josh Schartz, a data expert, studies the reading styles of people online. Data was not available oon the exact moment when a person stopped reading, and then left a recommendation, However, his research suggests that the overall number of comments and the number of people who scrolled down to the end of the article did not match. This suggests that there is a very loose relationship between reading to the end and ‘commenting. Commenting without reading everything only creates more and more misinformation, D Studies of the brain have suggested that we should bbe more concerned about this than we are. Michael Merzenich has long argued against the argument that the brain is formed in the early years of childhood, then remains stable. Many believed that, once damaged, parts, of the brain would never recover again. In fact, the brain is constantly changing and re-organizing itself, losing. the connections that it does not need. As people spend less time thinking for longer periods of time, their brains react by re-wiring, deleting the bits associated with careful thought, making it much harder in the future to think hard about issues. E Many have argued that this is nothing new. People have always started novels and not finished them. Even films, which require a relatively short commitment of only an hour or so of our time, are sometimes unable to keep our attention to the end. However, Alvin Toffler argued that ‘the amount of free information that is thrown at us every day is different from anything that came before. We now hhave so much choice that many people refuse to waste their time on anything unless something is truly fascinating F The problem is even worse when you consider the kind of things we read online. Unfortunately, just as our bodies are programmed to want to eat fats and sugars, things which we know are not good for us, our brains prefer to read things that are shocking, such as gossiping, describing the embarrassment of others or just looking at attractive people. In other words, we read things we know we should not. Some experts have referred to this as ‘psychological obesity’ G Eaitors of respectable newspapers are aware that this kind ‘of contents popular, butthey put important news stories on the front cover anyway. They know that unpleasant stories, such as the events in war-torn areas, or poverty, matter and people should know about things beyond their daily lives. Online news sites only recommend articles on things ‘we have shown an interest in before. In other words, what Nicholas Negroponte called the “The Daily Me’, bringing personalized content, also means that you miss being Introdiiced to new concepts. With modern online news providers, you could exist quite happily never knowing ‘hat is happening outside of your personal interests 19Module 1 Communication Writing (Task 1) Lead-in 1 Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1 Do you think ticket prices at cinemas are good value for money? 2 How has the way people watch films changed since 2000? 3 Do you think itis wrong to watch films/movies without paying for them? Understand the task 2a Match the words or phrases below with a word or phrase with a > EXPERT WRITING page 192 similar meaning in the introductory sentence in Exercise 2b. ww much ilustates ad between byseling graph money the fim industry made Rewrite the introductory sentence avoiding words from the original sentence where possible. The graph shows the amount of income from cinema ticket and DVD sales in the USA and internationally from 2001 to 2010. 40 ________ - —_ 0 — — ——— 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 North American DVD sales = International DVD sales North American cinema sales sm International cinema sales 3a_Look at the information on the graph and answer the questions. 1 Which market was bigger: the USA or the international market? 2 What happened in 20047 3. Where did the movie industry make more money in 2010? b Write an overview for this graph. Plan the task 4a Look at the criteria for Part 1 Task achievement on page 191 and > TEST STRATEGIES page 171 answer the questions. 1 Ifyour answer has no overview, which band will you get for Task achieverner 2 If you have no numbers from the graph, what band will yo get for Task achievement?— Module 1 Communication b The Band 5 descriptor includes the phrase recounts detail ‘mechanically. Complete the explanation with the correct form of the words below. important grammatical listing mean Using detail mechanically means that the student is 1 words : and numbers without showing that they understand what the data \ 2 Itcan be avoided by focussing on the most 3 data, and using a variety of 4 structures. ¢ Look at the sentences below. Which one ‘recounts detail | mechanically"? *4, 2004 the income from North American BYD sales was : | 21 andl then tt rose to 25 and then it fell to 21 and then it fell agninto12, income frome North American DVD sales reached a peale in 2004, at $25 billion, but then fell to a new low of $12 bition by 2010." ae Language and content 5 Complete the description with the prepositions below, or nothing, from by & In 2001, International DVD sales were quite low,1____ $11 Sbilion, | but they rose 2____ $6. billion by the year 2004, 3 $18 billion. Aftera shor dip, sales rose 4 5 $22 billion $6 billion to reach Ga_Lookat the graph in Exercise 2. Match the numbers below with the descriptions. 9Sbilion 15 billion and 32bilion 20 billion and 30 bilion 625 billion and 835 bilion 48% 76% Just under half the US income in 2001 came from cinema sales. 1 2 Cinema sales accounted for approximately 10 billion. 3. Around three quarters of their income came from international sales. ia 5 Almost twice as much money came from international cinema sales. International cinema sales were exactly 50% higher in 2009, compared to 2001, 6 The US film industry made over 20 billion more in 2010, compared 10 2001 b Match the words in italics in 1-6 above with the meanings A-D. ‘A the same as B generally the same as C more than D less than 3 Write your description 7 Write your description of the graph. Remember to write at least 180 words. Make sure that you understand the information and focus on the most important data, Assess and improve 8 Workin pairs. Check your partner's description and answer the questions. 1 Have you and your partner presented an overview? Do they contain | the same information? Can you decide together the best overview? | 2. Have you both used numbers from the graph? Have you used the same numbers? Which did you miss/include when you didrit need them? 3 How can you get better at Task achievement in Part 1? + practise with graphs online ; oT + write a checklist and use it before you start a practice test * another method ‘Student's Resource Book > Writing page 15 MyEnglishLab > 1b Writing : aModule 1 ‘Communication as 3. Complete the sentences with one word. The first Review letter is given. One ofthe big challenges for news 1a__is how 10 pay for serious, professional news 2¢@____ over the next 10 years. Bloggers simply do not have the skils that professional 3, have, and the 4v____of amateurs on politics dort come with any kind of guarantee that they are being objective 5S__m___sites are great for personal news, but few trust them for national news, There is stil a large 6 a__ who want to watch professionally made television news services, even if we access them online. However, we have become accustomed to getting online services for free, and that includes ur news services, Even newspapers ae given out for fee in the major capitals ofthe world these days ur interest in current affairs and big 7 ___has not decreased, and it looks likely that TV channels will stil 8___24-hour news reports for the foreseeable future 1 Complete the text with the words below. across area aware backup leave out popularity share_ technological ‘If you can’t explain simply, you don’t understand it well enough’ Albert Einstein Scientific discoveries and 1 developments are around us every day. Television producers. know that there is a demand for scientists who can get their ideas 2 toa wider public. Albert Einstein became 3 of the benefits of explaining his ideas to the wider public from very early in his career. But you can't explain everything to everyone. His theory of relativity needs some knowledge in the 4 Ofphysics. There willbe 4a Complete the answer to the Part 2 task below some details you can 5 . but understanding with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Newton's law of gravity for instance, is necessary to make sense of the theory of relativity. Anything practical, which you can 6__with examples, will be easier to understand for non-specialists. So, for example, you might be able to explain what a theory does, but not why itis important. Describe a public event that you decided to attend. You should say what happened at the event who you went with where the event was held and explain why you decided to attend that event. As the 7 of TV science documentaries grows, the demand for academics with star quality is high. Scientists who can 8 ideas and information ‘When Iwas 1811 (g0) to a really large public event. It2 (be) a large rock festival clearly have a bright future ahead of them, Wes ooiemee ena we4 (put) our tent up in a really bad place. We 5____ (choose) the bottom of a hill and of course, when it6___ (begin) raining, all the 2a Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Should people be concerned about the information that they post on social media sites? People who 1 (ot post) information on social media these days 2 (miss) out ona large part of modem life. This 3 (mean) that it 4 (be) almost essential these days to give up the right toa truly private life Of course, social media sites have privacy policies that users agree to. But 5 anyone really read the agreement before they tick the box? Long privacy agreements 6 (not offer) a clear enough explanation and people 7 (not have) the time to read them, Most experts B____ (agree) that a new system is needed. One solution that 9 (become) popular at the moment isa ‘personal privacy agreement. which is linked to an individual and 10 (go) with thern when they u (visit) or 12 (sign up) to new sites. b Write a paragraph in response to the essay. ‘MyEnglshab > Module Tet 1 water flooded down into our tent, But we 7____(not mind) that, because we 8__ (see) some brillant bands play. It was great! We had just finished our exams, and we 9 (think) weld do something special together. The event 10 (take) place in a field just outside of Paris. 11 (not have) a name, | don't think. Anyway ~ we 12 (decide) to go there because we wanted to do something memorable, and it was just the best experience of my life Practice reading the Part 2 answer, paying attention to pronunciation. Then repeat the activity with your own ideas.how over the vith Part Prag tive. eee ana anos reece Pai a eens eo news, + Vocabulary: Definitions; Collocatio aes tila Tesco ee Pee ac Nc oat ly cabulary (Part 2) ling: Intensif s 5 techn eet - ees omed 6 E Donate) ides Bree plex senten but days. 5 abulary (Task: Opinion has els w s. 1 Workin groups. Look at the words below and discuss the questions, afraid annoyed bored disappointed ected ehausted grateful jealous sad stressed 1 What makes you feel each emotion? 2 What are facial expressions? What facial expressions does a person eg. people might frown when they are stressed. 3 Js itbetter to show your feelings ar keep ther hidden? Which do 4. What isthe best way to react when someone is angry? ptable for both men and women to cry in public in your cult 1ow with each feeling ually d 2 Why/Why 12a Feeling good Reading (Yes, No, Not given) Before you read 1 Read the definition of bucket list and write down three things on your list not connected with family dnd work, Share them with a partner. bucket list (n) A list of things you want to do in your life before you are too old. 2 Read the first paragraph of the passage. Does it suggest sharing extraordinary experiences is positive or negative? Why? Identify key words 3a The underlined words in statement 1 are key words. What are key words? 'b Underline the key words in statements 2~4. 1 Sharing experiences provide us with immediate and long-term satisfaction, 2 Social communication is based on things we have in common. 3. People want to share their unusual experiences with each other. 4 Before the research, people believed extraordinary experiences bring mostly benefits. 4a Match the topics in statements (1-4) in Exercise 3 with the topics in the sentences (A-D) in the passage, using the key words. 1-8 b Which key words help you match the topics? 1 ~ Br Sharing experiences = extraordinary experiences: immediate satisfaction = pleasurable in the moment: long-term = long tun 5 Compare the information in the pairs of sentences in Exercise 4a. Does each pair: 1 say the same? 2. say the opposite or contradict each other? 6a Underline the key words in the statements and use them to find the same topics in the passage 1 Cooney recognised that people socialise successfully by talking about everyday subjects. 2. People who took part in the study chose the film they watched 3 tis a good idea to think before talking about Unusual things we did 4 One person spoke for longer when discussing the film clips. b Decide if each statement says the same as the information in the passage or contradicts it 7a Underline the key words in the two statements below and find the topics in the final two paragraphs of the passage. 1 The people who participated in the study knew each other. 2 Some study participants said nothing during the post-video conversation. b Dees the information in statements 1 and 2 appear in the passage? Trying to share our ‘epic’ moments may leave us feeling left out ‘We love to reminisce and tell others about our extraordinar ‘experiences ~ that time we climbed Mount Kilimanjaro, got to taste that rare food or ran into a celebrity on the street but new research suggests this may not be such a wise ‘dea. In fact, the findings, published in the latest edition of a psychology journal, suggest thar sharing these extraordinary experiences are nor as beneficial as we might think and can. actually come at a social cost. Extraordinary experiences are pleasurable in the moment but can leave us socially worse off in the long run," says psychological scientist and study author Gus Cooney of Harvard University. The participants in our study mistakenly thought that having an extraordinary experience would. take them the star of the conversation. But they were wrong, because to be extraordinary is to be different than other people, and social interaction is grounded in similarities.” Cooney, who conducted the research with co-authors Daniel T. Gilbert of Harvard University and Timothy D. Wilson of the University of Virginia, was interested in exploring the negative consequences of extraordinary experiences based ‘on his own observations with others. He had noticed that we are keen to tell our friends about new or rare experiences, but most successful conversations are about ordinary topics. He therefore wondered ‘if there might be times when extraordinary experiences have more costs than benefits, and whether people know what those times are.” To find out if he was right, Cooney, Gilbert and Wilson invited sixty-eight participants to their laboratory in groups of four. In each group, one participant was asked to watch a highly rated video of a street magician performing for a crowd, while the other three participants were asked 10 warch a lower-rated animated video. Participants were told about each video’s rating. After watching the videos, the participants sat around a table and had a five-minute unstructured conversation about them, ‘The findings were not what participants expected. It seems wwe should be more careful when choosing and sharing our experiences, because che participants who watched the higher-rated video, the ‘extraordinary experiencers’, reported feeling worse after the group discussion than those who ‘watched the lower-rated video. Even though, before the ‘experiment, all participants thought that the ‘extraordinary cexperiencer’ would talk more during the post-video discussion, that person actually spoke less and felt excluded from the conversation as a result 24 Student's Resource Book > Reading pages 16-17 MyEnglishLab > 2a Readingents ‘dinary_ > gor nofa jinary lean Test practice > TEST STRATEGIES page 170 8 Read the passage and complete the test task. Questions 1-6 Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in the reading passage? Write YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer No if the statement contradicts the views of the writer NOT GIVEN fit is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 1 There were too few participants for effective research, 2 The study reflected what happens in the real world. 3 We have all experienced situations we can share with friends. 4 People tend to become jealous when they hear amazing stories 5. Those who do interesting activities fail to connect with friends 6 You should organise your aims in thelr order of importance. Task analysis 9 Workin pairs and discuss the questions. 1 How easy or difficult was it to find the information inthe text? 2 Which key word(s) inthe first three answers helped you find that information? Discussion 10 Work in groups. To what extent do you agree with the results of the research in the passage on page 24? To what extent do you agree with the response on this page? Why? Module 2 Feelings ‘SCIENCE SHOULD YOU THROW OUT YOUR BUCKET LIST? here an nen Pee ener ment © el “Taare wit cone site anion | Peay cdieeree atom nareees ana ar the sbayaight peoples nota wey igh number wincune ina. Fiaty,tewderata—f a ee Sea Ta ee EO eer ae Tarte benelt ef mating the video minus the cost trating ncused socal Bute unitaly tet Stes a natecer ah eeu casi reste Siror tote feling of an exvaorsnety perience. So, whan he coc not bing neuced is Sian auey reanine sense orvouenne weaant on EE Secondly, one wonders why the researchers assume that people who do extraordinary things only spend time with boring people who have no bucket list themselves? In reality, if you explore the Costa Rican rainforest, maybe your friend goes sailing, gets. an amazing professional qualification, or watches his child graduate from college. All of these can be considered great topics of conversation. Of course people will always have lots of everyday experiences. to talk about too. After all. when you return from an inspiring trip, you still have to do the laundry and call your parents, ‘Another possible conclusion could be that if you want to do fantastic things and not be lonely, you should choose friends who have similar ambitions. You can also be careful about the conversation topics you choose, So before you throw your bucket list out the window, it is worth considering how useful this research is to your life goals and social situation. It certainly cannot hurt to reflect on the warning of the research. IF doing great things makes you feel distant from your friends then. yes, you should probably think. about how meaningful your goals are. However. if old friends cannot keep up with you or relate to your life goals, then you need to decide how much that should stop you from following your dreams.Definitions la Match the words below with the meanings (1-8). assume benefit goal negative professional research similares topic 1 a careful study of something to find out more information 2 think that something is tue without having evidence bad something you want to achieve characteristics that are almost the same connected with a job. an advantage a subject that you talk or learn about b What part of speech is each word: noun, verb or adjective? 2a Complete questions (1-8) with the correct form of the words from Exercise 1 1 Isita good idea to havea What is yours? inyour studies? 2 What are some positive and effects of being ambitious? 3 What are some between you and your Parents? 4 What qualifications right you need in future? 5 What do people about you when they first meet you? 6 What. do you most enjoy talking about with your friends? 7 Whatisa of learning English? 8 Why do university students do. 2 b Work in pairs and take turns to ask and answer the questions. Collocations 3a_ Complete the collocations with words from Exercise 1. You can use a word more than once. When scientists conduct 1 they first decide ona research 2 such as an area of interest ‘or an important change. They discuss this with their team and decide on the 3 that they want to achieve, for example looking at the positive or 4 effects of something, From this, they plan their research question and methods. When ready, they carry out the § and analyse the data. They publish the key findings and hope that it provides 6___ to the field of research b_ Work in pairs. Use the collocations above to talk about research you have done in your academic life or research you have heard about. Research 4a_ Choose the correct options in italics to complete the text. Sometimes both options are possible. Facing up to our emotions We know from 4 methods / research that smiling makes us feel good by releasing chemicals into. ur brain and frowning can make us feel less happy. But recent 2 processes / studies have found that being unable to smile or frown affects ur emotions too. In one 3 experiment / test, researchers invited a group of people toa 4 lab / laboratory and injected half of them with a chemical that froze muscles in their forehead. All 5 participants / researchers watched a set of videos and completed a 6 questionnaire / survey. 7 Analysis / Examination of the data showed that the participants who couldn't smile felt fewer emotions that those who could, However, the 8 findings / results of a second study showed that the same chemical reduced the strength of negative feelings because they could not frown. We can therefore 9 analyse / conclude that itis Not just our emotions which affect our muscles; ur muscles also change the way we feel. Itis possible that this 10 data / research may change some people's views on whether to use chemicals to reduce the lines on their face ned b Workin pairs. Do you think the benefits of reducing lines on your face with a chemical are greater than the disadvantages? Why/Why not? Adjectives describing experiences 5a Cross out the adjectives below that cannot describe an experience. amazing attractive awful depressing dull embarrassing enjoyable excellent fascinating frightening inteligent interesting nasty pleasant personal powerful private temporary b Which adjectives in the box are positive and which are negative? Which are neither? ¢ Mark the main stress on each word, amzing 6a_ Work in pairs. Use the adjectives in Exercise 5a to describe some of the experiences you have had in your life. b Choose six adjectives from the box. What can each one describe? an amazing person, view, book 26 Seuien’s Resource Book> Vocabulary page 18. MyEnglshlab > 2 Vocabularyete [Speaking (rart 2) Generate ideas and vocabulary 1 Work in pairs. Think about the last 24 hours. What made you smile? Why? 2. Read the test task and answer the questions. 1 Whatis the topic? 2. How many points do you have to talk about? Describe something that makes you happy. You should say: what itis where or when you experience it how often you experience it ‘and explain why it makes you happy. 3a_ You have a minute to make a list of things you could talk about. Share your ideas with a partner. b (21 Listen to six people. What makes each ‘one happy? © Choose one thing in Exercise 3a or 3b to talk about later. 4a Look at Rafael's notes and answer the questions, 1 What is he going to say about each point? 2 What words has he writen down? 3 How will these words help Rafael give a good description? 1. Caneping. Tent, viver fishing 2. Mountains, Lake, freshwater fishing 3. Summer ~ every other weekend. Not winter 4. Relax, no stress, fresh air, slow, physieal/ vaersal vealth b G22 Listen to Rafael give his description and check your ideas, Pima Module 2 Feelings 5a Complete Hane’s notes with the words and phrases below. Creative daydream make plans make up stories no homework peaceful school holidays Sunday thinking time warm bed 1 vthai? Have a lie-in 2 Where/Wher? 3 How often? Away? Ss Se b €i}23 Listen and check your ideas. 6a_ Think about what to say for each point in Exercise 2and make notes. Write words/phrases that will help you use a higher level of vocabulary. b Compare your list with a partner. Test practice > TEST STRATEGIES page 172 > EXPERT SPEAKING page 186 7a (24 Listen to part of Rafael and Hane’s descriptions. Complete the sentences with the phrases below. also and Another reasons that As wells that, Plus too 1 All you need to think about is starting a fire, catching a fish and cooking it. you can look at the beautiful scenery around you. you can breathe in ftesh air. I thinkitS really good for your physical mental health 4 It makes me happy because | have more time to sleep. I have some thinking time 5 | think about what happened the week before. | think about the things that are going to happen the following week 6 can make plans in my head. Sometimes | make up stories b Workin pairs and discuss the questions. 1 What is the purpose of the phrases in the box? 2 How can they help your description? 3 What does each phrase do? start a new sentence join two sentences come before averb come at the end ofa sentence 8 Work with a different partner and take turns to give your description. 1 Use your notes and the phrases in Exercise 6. 2 Speak for between one and two minutes Task analysis 9 Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1 How helpful were your notes when you spoke? 2. How can you use your notes better next time? Hifo 28 Module 2 Feelings E Listening (Section 2) Before you listen 1 Workin groups and discuss the questions. 1. How important is beauty in our daily lives? Why? 2 Do you think itis important to make everyday objects like ATMs, look attractive? Use word stress to understand the main idea 2a G]25 Listen to someone talking about a beautiful thing, You will only hear the stressed ‘words, the others have been cut. Can you still answer the questions? 1 What does the speaker think is beautiful? 2 Why does he think itis important? b 26 Compare your answers with a partner. Then, listen to the complete sentences and check. your ideas. How helpful were the stressed words? 3 27 Listen and complete the sentences with the stressed words. 1 2 3 _is 4 We that 5 Its that as Test practice > TEST STRATEGIES page 168 4a Read the question stem and options A-C in the test task below. 1 Underline the key words. What is the topic of the talk you will hear? 2 Are these key words likely to be stressed? According to Japanese research, ‘A we choose to use objects which are more attractive. B we have litle interest in the design of products C we tive things less difficult to operate. ‘MyBnglsh(ab > 28 Listening A and B b (28 Listen to the first part ofa talk. Which ‘words signal that you are going to hear about Japanese research? Are they stressed? ¢ Gi)29 Listen to the next part of the talk. Choose the correct option in the test task, A, B, or C. Why are the other two options not correct? 5 2.10 Underline the key words in the stems and options. In the test, you will have about 30 seconds to do this. Then listen and complete the test task, Questions 1-5 Choose the correct letter A, B or C. 1. Don Norman says good-looking objects A cause a reduction in feelings of anwiety B remind us of attractive things in our lives. C are the result of a simple design 2 To lower our stress levels, the speaker suggests A looking around more. B buying new ites. C living in the countryside. 3 According to the speaker, we can experience beauty by A growing things in our gardens B simplifying our home environment. C using all five of our senses. 4 The speaker recommends taking’ mental vacation’ by A bringing the natural world indoors B looking for beauty in unattractive places. C searching for attractive photos online. 5 Evelyn Underhill suggests that ‘A we fail to notice the beauty around us Bmore research on beauty is needed. C beauty is less important in modern life. Task analysis 6 2:10 Look at audio script 2.10 on page 204 ‘hile you listen to the talk again. 1 Circle the words wiich signal the answer is 2 Underline the words which give you the answers to the questions in 6a. 3. Does the speaker use the same words or synonyms (words with the same meaning) of those in the options? 4 Why are the other two answers not correct? Discussion 7 Work in pairs. Which of the speaker's advice is, ‘most helpful? Why?Building complex sentences (relative clauses) > EXPERT GRAMMAR page 174 a 2a ‘Complete the sentences (1-6) with the pronouns below. that}2) when where which who 1 tis the machine lets you take money out of the bank 2 Most things do seem easier and less stressed 3 This morning | noticed the plum trees _are starting to bloom, 4 Look carefully at the smile of someone __ youte happier youre close to. 5 Visit websites you can see amazing photos of nature, 6 People: hear about the research might start to make an effort. Answer the questions. 1 When does which, that or who refer to the abject of the sentence? 2 Inwhich sentence can you leave out which, that or who? Why? ‘Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer the Part 1 speaking questions. Use the prompts. Make notes about your partner's answers. 1 What kind of people do you enjoy spending time with? ike people 2 What time of day do you like the most? Hike the time of day 3 What kind of activities do you enjoy doing in your free time? | enjoy activities 4 What kind of activities do you dislike doing? | dont ike activities 5 What kind of places do you enjoy visiting? | ke places 6 What is an enjoyable day for you? | lke cays 7 What kind of films do you like? Hike films & What kind of food do you dislike? I dont tke Work with a different partner. Tell him/her about your previous partner's answers. 3a b 4a b Module 2 ‘Work in a group. What can cause a person to feel stressed? Join the sentences about stress with the pronouns in brackets. 1 Things can make us feel stressed. They are inritating. (which) Things which are intating can make us fel stressed. 2. People feel stressed, They have a lot of work to do. (hen) 3 Places can be stressful. There are a lot of people there. (where) 4 Some people have higher stress levels. They spend time in a noisy environment. (who) 5 Activities cause stress. They are very difficult. (which) 6 Employers ask their employees to work too hard They cause stress. (who) 7 News increases stress levels, The news is not good. (which) 8 Meditation can work for people. They experience stress. (who) 9 Stress can be good for us. We see the stress as positive. (which) 10 Stress tends to have a negative effect. We think it is negative, (when) ‘Work in a small group. What are the effects of stress? Rewrite the essay paragraph about the positive effects of stress. Make it more academic by joining some of the sentences with relative pronouns ‘Stress isa common emotion tt can have both a positive and negative effect on a person. tt can lnelp you achieve succes. For example, i gives you motivation and energy. You need them fo complete ‘acke wll In addition, stess can help your ‘memory, When you are stressed, the brain releases emmicals, They help you to focus better. A person is probably happier in general. He or she i focused and successiul Work in pairs. Write a second essay paragraph describing the negative effects of stress. Use relative clauses where appropriate to make it sound more academic. [Py secs Resource Bock> Langage development page 19 MyBnglshlad > 2a Language development30 Module 2 Feelings Generate ideas and vocabulary 1 Read the essay question and underline the key words. What does factor mean? What does To what extent mean? Use a dictionary to help you. ‘Some people believe that money is one of the ‘most important factors in a person's happiness. To what extent do you agree with this? 2a Read the text about generating ideas. Which technique(s) could help you think of ideas for the essay question in Exercise 1? Why? Techniques for generating ideas 1. Cubina. Look at the topie in six ifferent ways and make notes, e.g. What, who, when, where, ‘why, how? Or describe, assess, evaluate, compare, associate, argue. 2. Your perspective. Think about your lfe and how the topic relates to you. 3. Other perspectives. Think about the topic from diferent perspectives, €9. people in aifferent cultures, jobs; wealthy and poor people; older people and young people, eto. Which people are involved in the topic? 4. Identify examples. Think about examples related to the topic, from your fe or other people's lives. Flip a problem. Take a question about a problem and fig it, e.g. How can we stop people eating fast food? becomes How can we make people eat more fast food? 6. Generate vocabulary. Note down words and phrases related to the topic. b Workin a group. Use one or two of the techniques and generate ideas for and against, the statement in Exercise 1 Reasons for Reasons against (Deen bug fed and hale © Look at the reasons you wrote and decide if you agree or disagree with the statement in Exercise 1 3 Look at your ideas in Exercise 2b. 1. Which two reasons best support your opinion? 2. How did you make your choices? Tell a partner, 3. Whyis it important to generate ideas and then select the best ones before writing? 4 Lookat the plans. Which one is most appropriate for the essay question in 1? A B Introduction: Introduction: say Paraphrase the there are two question and state points of view. my opinion. Paragraph 1: Paragraph 1 first reason for explain one my opinion + point of view + explanation + ‘explanation + example. ‘example. Paragraph 2: Paragraph 2: second reason explain the other for my opinion + point of view + explanation + explanation + example. example. Conclusion Conclusion: restate my opinion state my of and the main and the main reasons. reason(s). Test practice > TEST STRATEGIES page 171 5 Write a plan for the essay question in Exercise 1 1 Select two reasons to support your opinion. 2 Decide how to organise these ideas. 3. Think of adgitional information to support each reason, eg. an explanation and example 4 Organise your ideas into a plan - write key words only, not full sentences. Task analysis 6 Workin pairs. Read each other's plans and discuss the questions. 1. Why is itimportant to write a plan before writing the essay in the exarn? 2. How long do you think you should spend on this? ‘Student's Resource Book> Writing page 20 MyEnglishLab > 2a Writing