Mathematics in Modern World

MODULE MATERIALS

List of Modules

No. Module Title Module Code

1.1.1 Number Patterns

1 1.1.2 Word Problems Involving Patterns MMW 113-1.1
1.1.3 Organizing Patterns
1.2.1 Arithmetic Sequence
2 1.2.2 Geometric Sequence MMW 113-1.2
1.2.3 Fibonacci Sequence
2.1.1 Sets and Set Notations
3 MMW 113-2.1
2.1.2 Kinds of sets
4 2.2.1 Set Relations and Operations MMW 113-2.2
5 2.3.1 Venn Diagram MMW 113-2.3
2.4.1 Functions and Relations
6 2.4.2 Evaluating Functions MMW 113-2.4
2.4.3 Operations on Functions
3.1.1 Propositions and symbols
7 3.1.2 Kinds of propositions MMW 113-3.1
3.1.3 Symbols in logic
8 3.2.1 Truth tables MMW 113-3.2
9 3.3.1 Forms of Conditional Propositions MMW 113-3.3
3.4.1 Conditional Equivalents
10 3.4.2 De Morgan’s Law MMW 113-3.4
3.4.3 Tautologies and Fallacies
4.1.1 Counting Techniques
11 MMW 113-4.1
4.1.2 Factorial Notation
4.2.1 Sample Spaces and Events
12 MMW 113-4.2
4.2.2 Experimental Probability
13 4.3.1 Random Variables MMW 113-4.3
4.4.1 Discrete Probability Distribution
14 4.4.2 Computing the Variance of a Discrete MMW 113-4.4
Probability Distribution
4.5.1 Visualizing a Normal Distribution
15 MMW 113-4.5
4.5.2 The Standard Normal Curve
4.6.1 Locating Percentiles under the Normal
16 MMW 113-4.6
Curve

Bulacan Date Developed:

Bachelor of Science in June 2020
Accounting Information System Polytechnic Date Revised:
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College
Mathematics in Modern World
Document No. Developed by:
MMW - 113 Revision # 00
Mr. Churkie B. Santos
Chapter 2:
Mathematical
Language and
Symbols

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Mathematics in Modern World
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 MODULE CONTENT

COURSE TITLE: Mathematics in Modern World

MODULE TITLE: Mathematical Language and Symbols

NOMINAL DURATION 12 HRS (NO. of Hours per topic)

SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

At the end of this module you MUST be able to:

1. Discuss the language, symbols, and conventions of mathematics
2. Explain the Nature of Mathematics as a language
3. Perform Operations on Mathematical expressions correctly.
4. Acknowledge that mathematics is a useful language

Topics:
1. Sets and Set Notations
2. Kinds of sets
3. Set Relations
4. Set Operations
5. Venn Diagram
6. Functions and Relations
7. Evaluating Functions
8. Operations on Functions

ASSESSMENT METHOD/S:

 Lecture/Discussion
 Assignment/Seatwork
 Quizzes

Reference:
https://www.math.tamu.edu/~Janice.Epstein/141/review/Chap6Review.pdf

https://www.math-only-math.com/types-of-sets.html

https://www.toppr.com/guides/business-mathematics-and-statistics/sets-relations-and-functions/basic-
definitions-and-concepts/

https://www.mathsisfun.com/sets/venn-diagrams.html

https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/relations-functions-2.html

https://www.wappingersschools.org/cms/lib/NY01001463/Centricity/Domain/2299/Evaluate%20functi
ons%20WS.pdf

http://www.wallace.ccfaculty.org/book/10.2%20Function%20Algebra%20Practice.pdf

Bulacan Date Developed:

Bachelor of Science in June 2020
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Mathematics in Modern World
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Mr. Churkie B. Santos
 Information Sheet MMW 113-2.1
Mathematical Language and Symbols

Learning Objectives:

At the end of this Information Sheet, the must be able to:

1. Discuss the language, symbols and conventions of mathematics
2. Explain the Nature of Mathematics as a language
3. Perform Operations on Mathematical expressions correctly, and
4. Acknowledge that mathematics is a useful language

2.1.1 SETS AND SET NOTATIONS

Set
- group or collection of objects that are clearly identified.
- is often named with capital letter
- the objects in a set are called members or elements
- the symbol ∈ means an “element of”
- the symbol ∈ means “is not an element of”
- the symbols { } mean “the set whose members are”
- these symbols are called set braces

There are different ways of naming sets:

a. listing or roster method – listing or states the names of the members.
Examples:
Set A = {Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday,Friday, Saturday,
Sunday}

Set B = {January, February, March, April, …, December}

Set C = {January, March, May, July, August, October, December}

b. description or rule method – identifies the members.

Set A = {days in a week}
Set B = {months of a year}
Set C = {months with 31 days}

c. set builder notation – is another way of describing sets.

{x|x – “the set of all x such that x”
Set A = {x|x is a day of the week}
Set B = {x|x is a month of a year}
Set C = {x|x is a month with 31 days}
How many elements are there in St A? Set B? C?

Set A has elements

Set B has elements
Set C has elements

- The number of elements in a set is called cardinality of the set.

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Bachelor of Science in June 2020
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Mathematics in Modern World
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Mr. Churkie B. Santos
Seatwork # 2.1.1
A. Express each set in roster form

1. set of continents in the world

2. set of vowels in the alphabet

3. set of planets in solar system

4. set of odd numbers divisible by 5 between 10 and 20

5. set of whole numbers between 5 and 10

B. Express each set in rule form

1. A = {rose, orchid, daisy, …}

2. M = {slippers, sandals, shoes, boots, …}

3. E = {4, 9, 16, 25, …}

4. L = {Fidel Ramos, Corazon Aquino, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, Ferdinand

Marcos}

5. B = {Malolos, Calumpit, Hagonoy, Pulilan, …}

C. Rewrite each set in B using the set builder notation

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Bulacan Date Developed:

Bachelor of Science in June 2020
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Mathematics in Modern World
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2.1.2 Kinds of Sets:

Finite Set – is a set in which the members or elements can counted or listed.
Example:
A = {pencil, paper, ball pen, glue, ruler}
B = {3, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21}

Infinite Set – is a set that has unlimited number of members or elements.

Example:
X = {the set of whole numbers}
Y = {2, 4, 6, 8, …}

Note:
Three dots indicate that the elements in the set continue in like manner.
The dots mean “and so on.” Sometimes we also use three dots to shorten
a long list of numbers in a finite set.

Example: {4, 8, 12, …, 48}

Unit Set – is a set with only one element.

Example: G = {President in a country}

Null Set or Empty Set – is a set that has no element.

- it symbolized by { }
Example: H = {elephant with five legs}

Subset – is a part of a set. Its relationship with the bigger set is indicated by
the symbol ⊂ .
- If the subset does not contain all the elements of the bigger set, we
call it a proper subset and it symbolized by ⊂.
-
Example: D = {a, b}
A = {a, b}
B = {a}
C = {b}
E={}
There are four possible subsets of set D

Sets B, C and E are proper subsets of set D.

Power Set – is the set of all subset of a given set.
- the formula for the cardinality of the power set is 2 n, where n is the
number of elements in the given set.

Example: z = {1, 2, 3}
2n = 23 = 8 – there are 8 subsets.

The subsets are:

Universal Set – is a set containing all elements of the defined set and is
represented by ∪.

Bulacan Date Developed:

Bachelor of Science in June 2020
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Mathematics in Modern World
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 Example: ∪ = {school materials or supplies}

Seatwork # 2.1.2
A. Write whether each given set is finite or infinite

1. {numbers greater than 20} ;

2. {students in your class} ;
3. {the fingers in your hand} ;
4. {days in a week} ;
5. {the whole numbers multiplied by 3 ;
6. {the grains of sand on the earth} ;
7. {name of former presidents of the Philippines. ;
8. {the days in your earthly life} ;
9. {the number of Chocolate Hills in Bohol} ;
10.{the people with two faces} ;

B. Using the given below, write the letter of the correct answer on the space
provided.

a. {letters in the word girls)

b. {subjects in school}
c. {the son of God}
d. {beaches in the Philippines}
e. {odd numbers between 0 and 10}
f. {provinces in the northern Philippines}
g. {a disciple of Jesus}
h. {provinces in the southern Philippines}
i. {fruits we eat}
j. {the letters in the word are}

1. {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
2. {bananas, mangoes, avocados}
3. {a, r, e}
4. {Math, Science, English}
5. {i, s}
6. {Jesus}
7. {Boracay, Puerto Galera, Dakak}
8. {Ilocos, Isabela, Cagayan}
9. {Davao, Zamboanga, Jolo}
10. {Peter}

C. Tell whether each statement is True or False.

Given: ∪ = {D, L, S, Z}
1. U has 8 subsets
2. {D, L, S} ⊂ U
3. U has 6 elements
4. U has 16 subsets
5. {Z} ∈ U
6. { } ⊂ U

Bulacan Date Developed:

Bachelor of Science in June 2020
Accounting Information System Polytechnic Date Revised:
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College
Mathematics in Modern World
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Mr. Churkie B. Santos
 7. U is a finite set
8. {D, L, S, Z} ⊂ U
9. U has 4 elements
10. {D, L, S, Z} ⊂ U

D. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, B = {3, 4, 5}, and C = {4, 5, 6}. Refer to the given sets
and insert ∈, ∈, ⊂, ⊂, ⊂ to make a true statement.

1. 2 B 6. C A
2. B A 7. B C
3. C B 8. 4 C
4. A A 9. B B
5. 6 C 10. A B

E. Consider the following sets:

A = {a, b, c, d} D = {x|x is a vowel}
B = {a, b, c} E = {a, e, i, o, u}
C = {a} F = {1, 2, 3, …}

Answer the following statements:

1. Which set is a unit set?
2. Which sets are finite?
3. Which sets are infinite?
4. Which sets are subsets of A?
5. Which set is in the rule form?
6. How many subsets has set A?
7. How many subsets has set B?
8. How many subsets has set C?
9. How many subsets has set E?
10. Which sets are subsets of B?

Bulacan Date Developed:

Bachelor of Science in June 2020
Accounting Information System Polytechnic Date Revised:
Page 33 of 150
College
Mathematics in Modern World
Document No. Developed by:
MMW - 113 Revision # 00
Mr. Churkie B. Santos