Test 1 READING AND USE OF ENGLISH (1 hour 30 minutes) Part 1 For questions 1-8, ead the text below and decide which answer (A,B, Cor D) best fis each gap “There is an example at the beginning (0) ‘Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet, © A-csteemed B viewed © regarded believed The camera never ‘Arthur Conan Doyle, creator of the Sherlock Holmes stories, (0) ..... himself to be & rational man, a scientist even. But in 1920, when he saw photographs of fairies taken in ‘garden (1)... ,he thought he was seeing scientific proof that these tiny creatures really existed. He published the photographs alongside an article he wrote, (2) ‘aires as supernatural wonders. It was not until 1999 that the two ladies who took the photos admitted these were (3)... They simply cut out pictures of fairies from a book ‘and (A) ..... therm among flowers. The results are (6)... beautiful. But the simplicity of the trick (6) ...... & basic principle of photography, that the camera cannot li But it can, and always could, Today, we are used to computer software (7)... US to rework our digital images and it is a (8) ....... that photography ever had a true ‘age of innocence. From the moment cameras began capturing really, that realty was being altered. calling false arranged categorically weakens vetting Tantasy setting raming faulty spaced unavoidably undermines supporting legend background attributing take sotled substantialy demotshes ‘enabiing ream Reading and Use of English > surrounding acknowledging tional lstibutes undeniably ismanties empowering ‘mythTest 1 Part 2 For questions 8-16, read the text below and think ofthe word which best fits each gap. Use only ‘one word in each gap, There is an example at the beginning (0). \Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet example: [0] [i] 7 Reading and Use of English Part 3 For questions 17-24, read tho text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fis inthe gap in the same line, There isan example at the beginning (0). ‘Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. sD fe PTI Online passwords ~ what everyone should know When (0)... 6omes to online secu, we all know what we ought to do: choose a diferent, random set of letters and numbers for every email account, shopping site or bank account, But haraly (9) ..-0-does this, Because memerising them alls impossible, So we use the same famiar words fr every site, (10)... @ pets name or, even worse the word ‘password, occasionally remembering to replace te letter © with @ zero oF choosing to (11)... use ofa capital letter. Even f we opt (12)... a random group of letters such as fpqzy’ there is now software avaiable which can make a thousand guesses per second, enabling @ hacker to get fo your password in Just under four hours. Interestingly, (19)... increasing your password to twenty random letters, you increase & hacker's guessing ime o 66 thousand tion centuries. The problems that you would (14)... no chance of ever remembering those 20 letters. The solution, apparently is to come (18) With three or four short, unrelated words and work (16) ....» @ way to remember them, Easy! 10 Too many climbers on Mount Everest ‘Mount Everest in Nepal is becoming (0)... popular as a destination for acventuwe tourism. During the month of May, (17) nnue weather presents @ numberof safe opportuni to make the climb. As a result, the sheer number of climbers has brought an (18)... problem, potentially ‘even more dangerous than low temperatures and changeable weather ~ overcrowded conditions. The fact that there are so many climbers, many of them complete (19) hours to reach the surnmit. means that at times people are queuing for This hazard has led to calls fo stricter assessments of new leamer climbers, 28s in their (20)... to reach the mountain's summit euch inexperienced climbers are sometimes ignoring the advice oftheir Nepalese guides, which may (21)... everyone's ves. Perhaps one (22) ...... would be to make the charges for climbing ‘the mountain so high that only a few people could afford the climb. Or (23)... , one could ban the use of artificial oxygen and local guides, leaving Everest tothe very best (24) Prove necessary. Extreme, maybe, but it may just INCREASE FAVOUR, EXPECT DESPERATE, ALTERNATE MOUNTAIN uTest 1 Part 4 For questions 25-80, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning tothe fst sentence, using the word given, Do not change the word given. You must use between three and shx words, including the word given. Here isan example (0). Example: (0 James would only speak to the head of department alone. on James vw 0 the head of department alone. “The gep can be filed with the words ‘insisted on speaking’, so you waite: Example: [0 | [ INSISTED ON SPEAKING \Wirte only the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. 25 “You should stop your children watching so much television,’ Mary's sister told her. Ler Marys sister advised her . ‘somuch television. 26 Thelocal council wants to impose a ban on diving at more than 30 kilometres per hour ‘anywhere in this area ILLEGAL, ‘The local council wants to ‘at ore than 30 kilometres per hour anywhere inthis area. 27 Tom missed his plane because he was late leaving forthe airport. TIME only sen forthe alrpor, he wouldn't have missed his plane. 2 Reading and Use of English 28 The guidelines for the appointment of now staff need to be thoroughiy revised. THOROUGH ‘There needs... the guidelines forthe appointment of new stat 29 The employment rate rose gradually as the economy began to recover. GRADUAL There. «the employment rate as the economy began to recover ‘90 The change in the company's logo didnt make any difference tothe majority of Tes y the majority of ts ‘CONSEQUENCE ‘The change in the company's logo. customers, 0 the majority ofits 3B SSTest 1 Part 5 ‘You are going to read an article about a famous psychologist. For questions 31-96, choose the answer (A, B, © or D) which you think fts best according to the text. ‘Merk your answers on the separate answer sheet. Jean Piaget Jaan Plaga, the pioneering Sulss philosopher and psychologist, bocame fous for his theoriss ‘on child development. A cid prosgy, ho became interested in the scientific study of nature st 2h iy ge. He coveloped a speck fascination for ology, having some of his work puelshed before graduating rom high schoo. When, aged 10, his observations led to quectons tht could be anewered only by access to the unveraty Hera, Paget wrote and publishes some notes. on fhe sgting ofan aine sarrow in the hope that this would persuace the Irvin to stop resting im ikea cid worked Paget was launched on a path that led fo his doctorate n zoology and & ltlong conviction tat te way to Understand anything so kaw how I evoWves. Piaget went on to spend much of his professional if litenng fo and watchin cilcren, and poring ‘va reports of rsearcnere who were dong the same. He foun, to putt suocincly, tht chicran ‘Sort think ike act. After thovaand of merations with young people often cael ld enough to talk, Plagetaegan to aspect hat behind thal cute and soamingly logical uteances were thought [rooeaaee that had thee own Knd of order and they own special logis Aber Eston, the renowned Piysilt, doomed tis a dlacovery so simp that only a grfus could have thought o Piaget’ insight opened new window into the inner workings of the mind. Several now felts of clnce, among tem developmental psychology ang cognitive theory, came into beng as a result of higesearch. Athough not an ecicaional reformer Re championed a way of thinking about chicren ‘tha provided te founcation for oday'e education reform movemsnts. One might say that Paget was {the frst to taka chidre’ thineng serous. Otters who shared this respect for children may have fought harder for Immediate change in schools, but Piaget's iniuence on education remains deeper and more pervasive. Piaget hasbeen revered by generations of teachers inspired by the belle that chin ae nt empty ‘oezee fo be file with Knowledge, a8 Wadtuonal academic thinking had it, but active bullers of knowledge ~itleeceriste who ae constantly creating and tating har own theo af te word [And while he may not be ao famous as Sigrund Freud, Pagotscontution to psychology may be longer lasing” As computers andthe Internet give chien grater autonomy to explore ever larger ‘Sigal words, the ides he plonaered Become over more relevant In the 1040s, working in Aired Binet’ chig-psychology lab in Pars, Piaget noticed that chien ofthe same age regrdass of thai background or gender, made comparable erors on tre alse ‘Taligence tests: Barkin Switzeriang, the young alent began watcring cdr pay scrupulously ‘cording the words and actone ae thet minds raced to find reasons for why tings are the way {hay ara. Plage recognised that afwe-Vearci's belles, whe not comect by any adult crn, are ‘ot incorrect ether Tey are enirely conse ang coherent within ta ramewerk of the chad’ ‘way ‘ot knowing In Plaget's view, clasayingtpem as true or false” misses the point and shows a lack ‘of raspact forthe cle. What Piaget wae fr was 8 theory that Could fed coherence and ingenly inthe cn’ jutfeation, an evisenea ofa kind of explanatory principe tht stands young cicren in vary good stead when they don't know enough or den’ have enough Skil fo hancle the Kind of ‘explanation that grown-ups pete: ‘The core of Flaget’s work is his bel that loking carefully at how chicken acquire knowledge ‘ede ont on how acute think and understand the wore. Whether tis has, n Tac lad to Gooper Uncerstansng remains, ke everything about Piaget, contentous. n eos Years, Paget has been \egoreualy chalanged bythe curent omphasis on vewng knowledge as an hrinsic property of the ‘ban, ngenous expermente have demonstrated that newbom inanis eeacy have some of the knowledge that Piaget belleved chidren consucted. But for these of us who sil ee Piaget as the ‘Gant inthe fs of cognitive eon, the spar betwoon what the Gaby ering ard what he adult has ‘Beoimmense that the naw dlgcoveres donot sruicarty reduce the gap, ony increase the mystery. Reading and Use of English 31 Inthe frst paragraph, the writer suggests that as a child Piaget vas particulary eager to teach others about animals, Was confident his research would help other children, was already certain about the career he would follow. was determined that nothing should hold back his progress, voa> 82 In quoting Einstein, the writer is questioning the simplicity of Piaget’s ideas, ‘supporting the conclusion that Plaget reached. ‘suggesting that Piaget's research methods were unprecedented. recommending a lass complicated approach than Piaget's voa> 33. In the third paragraph, the writer puts forward the view that Piaget's work with children was difcut to put toa practical use. Page's theories about chien were less revolutionary than he thought. age! laid the basis for our current understanding of how children’s minds work. Piaget was actually committed to radical change in the education system, voor 84 The phrase ‘empty vessels’ (paragraph 4) refers to ‘A. why children should be encouraged to study more independently, 8 what traditional academic theory said about chiren and learning, © how teachers can increase children's mativation to learn, D_ the kind of knowledge that children need to acquire, 35. The writer says Piaget was unwiling to categorise children’s ideas as true or false because ‘he realised thatthe reasoning behind a child's statement was more important. fhe knew that this could have long-term effets on a child. he felt that this did not reflect what happens in real if. he felt that children ae easly influenced by what adults have told them, com> ‘36 What does the writer conclude about newer theories that have appeared?” ‘They completely undermine Piaget's ideas. ‘They put greater emphasis on scientific evidence, ‘They are an interesting addition tothe body of knowledge, “They are based on flawed research, com>Test 1 Reading and Use of English Parte Which contributor ‘You are going to read four contributions to an online debate about advertising. For questions: ‘expresses a different view from the others about the impact that advertising | 87 ‘37-40, choose from the contributions A-D. The contributions may be chosen more than once. has on a country's economy? Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. has a different opinion from the others on the extent to which advertising helps | 98 eo people to make choices? The role of advertising in society today takes aca aw to contour D about the intuence advertising cantave [39 ‘on people's self-esteem ‘A Almost all public spaces nowadays have advertisements in sight, and all forms of media, fom ‘newapapers to the Gina tothe interne, are filed with adverts. This al-pervesve presence reflects ‘expresses a different opinion from contributor B regarding public awareness | 40. the value of advertising tous. Without it, businesses of all types and sizes would struggle to inform of how advertising works? Potala customers about the products or services they provide, and consumers wouls be unable fo make informed assessments when looking for products to buy and services 10 use. Without ‘vartsing, te promotion of products and practices that cortibute to ou physical and peychological Wel-bang ~ medicines to feat minor aliments, insurance schemes to protect us, clothes and Cosmetic to make Us look and fee! beter ~ would be Intl more prolematc than Wis. ANG \itnout advertisements andthe sepraione reprecered inthe, the wold woud be afar duller place. 8 Advertsing is everywhere, and i's often so subtle that we dont raise it's there at some level of our Consciousness. Te utimate aim, ofcourse so get us fo buy things, egarcess of whether K makes Sense for us to doo, Infact averta mosdy impair rational Geiion-making A rece stugy nthe [Uk found that 909 of customer ale to understand tne ruth about what was on offer in adverts for broasband intnetsenfoes, This iational dimension is evden Inthe suocess acverbsers enjoy not ‘nly in gating us to Buy product that rec or Iacty, cause physical damage to us, but also Inrasing ou expectations about what ove Ives shouldbe tke ~ expectatons that inevitably mp Somethings wrong wit us if we dort moet them. Having sid tis, adversing i fundamental the ‘workings of modern economia, so the chances are that wil only continue grow ln sigaieance. (© There is tendency o underestimate people's infligence and to invest advertising wth powers doesn't have. Cera cubious techniques have boon banned ~ ike the use Of subiinal images Shown £0 qui that Vewere don't consciously realee they've seen them ~ but other forms of ‘uvertsing are simply manifestations ofceativy. Audiences understand ths and are abe to enjoy ‘adverts whut fling prey to some complex deception. They know tat an advert tls thera product ‘nits and suggest they might benefit rom having. They dont expect to provde adjective deta, onfrning wry they should or should not go anes witha purchase. They ar also smart enough © ‘enaw that what they 00 in seorsemens ls Rtlon and, therefore, rot something they shoud feat Dee about they dant have Tha Bottom ine, however ie that averting helps the wheal of he ‘economy to (umn, & cruel role which socal are tkaly fo dapend on forthe foreseeable utr. 1D Advartising is a worldwide, mut-bilion dol industry an neultably tends to favour ange businesses, ‘arich ean ford adverising cost, rather han smaller comparies, wich can't In that way, I makes le ever mere ficult for that sector ofthe economy smal and inecum-sized businesses ~ which |S the kay to anation’s prosperity, Advertsing also encourages certain pattems of consumption ~ fast ‘000, cas labour saving devioes andao on whic characterise a sedentary Mesieandundermine ‘yeieal waltoeing, while algo generating a sense of adequacy ané unhapainass among people {i fel ner tiny dont pasees a produc core 16 carta eae of what eeu ‘or "coo. An far rom proviging consumers with clear, relable information enabling them fo make ‘Strate decisions about what to spend ther money on, advertsers use underand methods 0 Confuse and manipulate feelings and thoughts.Test 1 Part 7 ‘You are going to read a magazine aticle about whale sharks. Six paragraphs have been removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap (41-46), There is ‘one extra paragraph which you do not need to,use. ‘Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Secrets of the deep Until recent, litle was known about the movements ofthe whale shark. But pioneering project is shedoing new light on this ocean giant. Project scientist Jonathan Green reports. ‘When an animal the sizeof a very large double- decker bus ~ the largest fh inthe ocean ~ makes ‘sue 90° tur, it hast be fr a good reason A the satelite tacks started to come in rom whale sharks which we had tagged oft the Galapagos Islands, they cleanly showed that asthe shark ere ssvmming sway from the islands they were all reaching a certain point and then’ making a very Abrupt change in dtetion, is “That, among. other things, war what The Galapagos Whale Shark Project was tempting to ind out Esaished to stay the popltion of sharks that vss the sland each yea, the primary sim of the research was to find oat more about ‘whale shark movements on Joa sae "This imohed two main proceses. To begin wit, ‘ve had tbe able to ident individual sharks We sed a madied version of photo software iiially veloped forthe mapping af stars and deeppace object. This worked) because the charaterisc ‘white spot of the whale shark resemble the human fingerprint in that each pater sina unig By-running photograph of the sharks sides dough the software, we could character the patterns of spots, ad gure out which shark wae which asd We alo ataed te he gr wack he Invent Tin oe yeti sal ar through the thick skin into a fatty Iyer beneath ‘wing a pneumatic spear gun and then tethering dhe 18 tage with apiece of steel cable. They were intended to be towed alongside oF above the dorsal fin in trder 1 break the surGice and eanmit data by sctelite. But geting the tags to stay on was easier ‘i than done. For reasons unknown, some came ‘a ines than 24 hour. “ ‘The sharks used common departure routes soon afer we had tagged them. They beaded due north, Tollowing a snes of sea fisures unt they reached the Galapagos Rift Valley system. This sone ie where the divergence of two oceanic plates hat ‘ested a rift system similar to that which runs ‘rough eastern Aftica. Many reached the margin between the two plates and most then turned west Comersely, one juvenile females ack was astounding eraying almost perfectly the rit ‘stem as ie runs west. It's clear that she and the ‘ther whale sharks are using geological estures 38 route indicators, jst as motorists use, say fami buildings. But how the sharks perceive such features thowsands of meters below on the ocean floor i yetunresolved ‘The theory we are working on i chat the Earths magnetic field reverses its polarity intermienty cover the course of time, dhs supphing a source of lection information. Fault sytem sft valleys, ‘ocean trenches and pate margins all emit a diinet ‘magnetic signature that can be wed by whale sharks and other species a viral map. ‘There may be @ number of explanations the sharks might have rubbed up against rock, or the tgs may have been ripped ff by asocited species, sch ae silky sharks, the mistook them for prey. Having begun witha L-metre tether, wwe shortened this eo 1.3 metres, which seed tobe more efiective. Alier Une: months, all the sharks that had ‘etained their tags proceeded to head south ‘They converged on three mountain. chains ‘hat ran weasels from the edge of Pers continental shel There, one by one, they shed their tags and continued on” to destinations unknown However, it wasn't unt we overlaid them onto map of the sea lor that we saw that these movements were apparenly in response 10 seologial features deep in the ocean hat the sharks could poly se. I became clear that they mast somehow be using faults fisues and plate boundaries. But how? Reading and Use of English Aer all, the marine environment, in ‘omparzon to that on lan, has few apparent points of reference. The waters are ofien murky and the maximum penetration of light oaly extend inc the upper levee. So hove do marine creatures navigate overlong distances? We undertook one of the mos ambitous whale shark programmes to date. The fieldwork was Carved ot in three 13-day sorties, “The fequency of transmissions fom the cage depended on the behaviour of the indvidval sharks, Some spent a lot of time on or nea the surface, and their tags reported on a regular ‘ass, Others suchas the single male we gue, spent a great deal of the tine diving for sit ‘weeks wedi receive a single ransmision, IF spowed atthe same location at a ater date, ot a diferent location, the shark was reapsared? fon a database, which sores photos of whale sharks fom around the globe, dass proving details of their movements geographically and 9Test 1 Part 8 ‘You are going to ead an article about employees who do some oral oftheir work from home. For {questions 47-68, choose from the sections (A-D), The sections may be chosen more than once. ‘Meck: your answers on the separate answer sheet. In which section are the following mentioned? the mistaken view that physical proximity at work automaticaly ensures ‘900d supervision the fact thatthe proportion of home worker inthe labour force has ot matched expectations the risk of an employer making unreasonable demands on a home worker ‘the fact that staff retention increases in fms that encourage home working the duty of firms not to cismiss requests to work at home out of hand ‘one ofthe main obstacies to home working in employers’ minds being the {ear of loss of direct contro! [personal circumstances increasing the likelihood of an individual being allowed towork at home the wider benefits that home working brings to the community the advisability of ensuring that home workers are not puting in ‘excessive hours ‘a reduction in expenciture on premises as a result of home working s|[e|[s|[2|[s|[2][e) [eels Reading and Use of English The Rise of Home Working ‘A whether you call werking from home, telecommuting or home-workng, i's @ gown ‘market. Banks, call contre, councils, software ‘companies, law firms, PR agencies: all ae Increasingly allowing the stat to do at least Part-time. Brits Telecom, the pioneer of home ‘working in Briain, now has 65000 fexole workers, of whom 10,000 do not come ino the ofc at all However, we'e stil a long way from ‘the creams of 25 years ago, which imagined offices emptying of everyone who did't operate || machine or wield a mop. So how do you get ‘on the home-werking bandwagon? In. some ‘countries, i you have a hid under 16, or 18 they aro disabled, in a sense you have a head stat. Employers in Britain are legally liged st least to consider your case if you ak to work ‘lexi, and that could include working at home for at least part ofthe week. They must aso Consider an ‘epplzaton Ifyou are caring for fiend ora family member But even f none of those apply, you are sil ikely to have a strong case ~ i you can persuade your company 10 listen. Not only do home workers cut down on the ‘eed for large ofce, they ar often vast more productive. American studes show a 30-4036 Increase. Noel Hodson, a key proponent of home working, suggests that thes Ie atleast party down to the removal ofthe daly commute: ‘rat we found was that mest ofthe ime saved wont back into work. These workers valued ther new lestyle and to protect it they did more work’ Companies that ofr fexble working also find it easier to attract stat, and to hang on to thom. At British Telecom, atleast 9796 of women who take maternity loave come back to work afterwards, against national average of about haf that. The downtime, the recrutment, the Instruction of each person at 3 very moderate estimate would be around £10,000. So, not ‘only are thay creating a more soil integrated company in line with government guidetnes, ‘hey'e saving £5m-£6m on ii losses, © And there are bonuses for society too. Heme: \working encourages a more diverse labour force, Introducing tothe word of work, sometimes for the rst timo, nt just caer but deabled people ‘or those who lve in remete locations. Then there's the reduction in plltion and greenhouse ‘98565. So if home working fe 20 eat, why aren't wo all doing 1? “The Issues are human, ‘et technologie” says Peter Thomson of the ‘Telework Association. "For the past 200 years we have bean in an envronment where pope {get togethor in the same place to work and a ‘manager stands there and watches what they 0." So the last barvers are attudna, but i's a myth that someone i nfo charge of what people do just because they are al working in the same location. Most managers wna are worried about this Kind of thing are actualy holed up in their offces and rarely interact wit thelr people. Merely tuning up is realy poor performance indicator 1D Mark Thomas runs a PR consultancy whose employees work at home, “Weve coma up wth measures of performance that are more to do with what thy produce than with desk time. This Is the way forwar,” he says. Some managers ‘are concerned that ther home workers might ‘90 shopping. ring the "working. day This ‘9005 agaist the Idea of exible working since hours shouldn't matter so long a5 the requied productivity i thre. The concer etl remaine ‘wether some employees wil abuse this, but the same technology that makes it possibe #2 escape the office makes it harder to get away from your boss, whic is surly tue even you work an ofcs. Its wall known that ome ‘managers insist on intersting thelr underings fvenings and weekends with ‘urgent’ enqultes ‘that cole easily wat, So, many of usa aed (on call 24/7. However, the great thing about ‘technology is that has anf button’. The Best ‘employers wil nt just expect you to use but wort you don'tTest 1 WRITING (1 hour 30 minutes) Partt ‘You must answer this question. Write your answer in 220-260 words in an appropriate style. 1. Your class has listened toa radio discussion on how more young people can be encouraged ‘to study science. You have made the notes below: Ways of encouraging young people to study science: | + advertising + school programmes + government grants ‘Some opinions expressed inthe siscussion: "You never see postive images of young scientists on TV, just pop stars oractors.” "Science lessons should be more practical and fun." “if young people see science as a ‘career, they'll want to study it” \Write an essay discussing two ofthe points in your notes. You should explain which way ‘would be more effective in encouraging young people to study science, providing ‘easons to suppor your opinion. ‘You may, if you wish, make use of the opinions expressed in the discussion, but you should Use your own words as far as possible. Writing Part 2 Write an answer to one of the questions 2-4 inthis part Write your answer in 220-260 words in fan appropriate style. 2 Yourecently helped to organise an arts day in your area, promoting local musicians and artists through performances, workshops and exhibitions. You read the article below in a local paper: Local arts day - a disappointment Last week's arts day didn’t attract many people, had limited appeal to young people and was a waste of council money. ‘You disagree with the negative opinions expressed by the reporter, and decide to write a letter to the Editor, explaining why you disagree and saying whet you feel was achieved on the day, \Write your letter, You do not need to include postal addresses. 3. Youareon the Student Committee atthe college where you study. A year ago the college {gave the Committee some money to start a student website. The aims ofthe website were ‘oinform students about local events, to publicise college clubs, and to review products of interest to students, ‘The Principal has asked you fora report explaining whether the website has met its aims and ‘saying why the website should continue to have financial suppor. rite your report. 4 Youare a university student and you want to spend a month doing work experience at an nternational company. You decide to write a letter to the Recruitment Manager at the ‘company explaining why you want to do work experience there and saying how the company would also benefit Wirte your letter. 23Test 1 LISTENING (approximately 40 minutes) Partt ‘You will her three diferent extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B or C) which fits bbest according to what you hear. There are two questions for each extract, Extract One ‘You hear two friends talking about a new office building, 11 The woman says that inthe building some people are having dficulty| ‘A. coping withthe new technology. B adjusting to anew concept of work. (© working without clear supervision 2 She thinks one effect of people moving around the building willbe to A. promote physical as well as mental well-being. create @ more productive work force, © provide useful contact with other employees. Extract Two ‘You hear two friends discussing business travel, ‘3 The woman believes that in future companies should ‘A fy only with arines that have an eco-friendly policy. B concentrate onthe use of video conferencing. © reduce overalavels of executive travel, 4 Theman thinks thatthe prime consideration for transport providers should be A. increasing revenue. B thinking long-term. © creatingjobs. 4 Listening Extract Three ‘You hear two fiends taking about some research, What isthe man's atitude tothe research? ‘A. He's doubtful about the methods used. B He is surprised by its findings. © Hels dismissive ofthe concept behind it. During the discussion, the woman reveals her ‘A. sympathy towards the subjects ofthe experiments. 8 interest in complex human behaviour © admiration forthe originality ofthe research. 2sTest 1 Part 2 ‘You will hear a man called Steven Kane giving a presentation about research into a cargo of children's bath-toys which wore lost at sea. For questions 7-14, complete the sentences with a ‘word or short phrase. BATH-TOY CARGO 7 (Of the four kinds of bath-toy ost at sea, Steven thinks th ha the most surprising colour ‘The subject Steven was teaching when he fst read about the bath-toys was In Alaska, Steven heard ofa lost consignment of| |. ‘some of which tured up alongside the bath-toys. Steven discovered thatthe bath-toys are used by scientists known as 10 in their research. ‘Steven says thatthe findings obtained by researchers were immediately useful to the! 14 [industry ‘Steven mentions the particular case of @ 12 | adversely affected by piastic pollutants in the sea, ‘Steven regarded the factory that he traced in China as the bath-toys’ ‘Steven travelled on something called an 14 Jon tis Journey across the Artic. 26 Listening Part 3 ‘You will hear part ofan interview in which two scientists called Jessica Conway and Paul Flower are talking about exploration and discovery. For questions 18-20, choose the answer (A, B, © (or D) which fis best according to what you hear, 18. Inresponse tothe idea that everything has already been discovered Jessica emphasises ‘A the potential for futher marine exploration B the precision of modern satelite technology. © the inaccuracy of moder mapping techniques. D the numberof recent discoveries. 16 Regarding new species found around underwater craters, Jessica says that ‘A they are being discovered less often these days. B they are more abundant in certain locations. itis itfcut to estimate possible numbers. D there are problems classiying them. 117 When asked about geographical discoveries in general, Paul and Jessica agree that scientists need to ‘A. make regular reassessments of thelr work, B compare their respective resuits. © recognise their imitations. promote thelr findings. 18 What does Paul say about walking where no one has ever walked before? A Itrecharges his tired mind, B It makes him feel he is unique. tives him a senso of belonging, D Ithelps him forget physical ciscomfor. 19 When asked about others visting remote areas, Paul ‘A. supports the public's right to experience them. B expresses his concer at growing urbanisation © suggests it would benefit local communities. D criticises the attitude of some tourists, 20 In Paul's view, future generations will, ‘A. only need to go online to experience the thll of adventure. B have to reduce travel for environmental reasons. © beless interested in the concept of exploration, D stilbe attracted to isolated places. 7Test 1 Speaking ‘SPEAKING (15 minutes) #] &] &] There ae two examines, One the intrest conducts the test, proving you wih he z necessary aterls and explaining what you ave tod, Theor examina he assseo i 5 re Induced 0 you, bt hen aes no futher pat nth interacon a B § & EF & f 2 2 a 3 3 é Part 1 (2 minutes) as - = Theinterlocutor first asks you and your partner a few questions. 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Your partner talks about these pictures for g si 8 ‘about one minute, This time the interlocutor asks you a question about your partner's pictures = 3/8 2b << 2 © 2 w «w o fF ° ca 2 z nd you respon é z i 2 a] el i el Part ( minutes) g 5 Inti par of th test, you ane your partner re saked tot together Teinterocitor paces 3 i Some text prompts on he aba between you. Te stimulus provides te basso a cscusion, 8 i oS SS Theinterocitor explains what yourhavete do. 5 3b 1 8 i a Pad Part (6 minutes) a o & ‘The interlocutor asks some further questions, which leads to a more general discussion of what & i 28 ’ ‘e_youhavetaes about m Part’. ou may comment on your paras anewers you wih : 3 5 i 3 5 3 : : : : : 4 2 : g 3 E 5 8 ¢ £ Hl gf og! Pbpb a | i: 5 gi z sos 2 é xy z 3 Bu: 2 Pee gpg EG 3|5 #3 £2 36 2 $ 8 ¢€ & 3 3 re 2 a 2 & a a s a gle BF < 2 0 @ w wv o &£ 28 29