Situation in Karachi mIn 2015, KWSB claimed that city water demand was generating a ain the current situation it would mean that of surplus water would be required after every 5 years. Public Health Quality of Drinking Water Available in Karachi oe iP Dye crane erated s Assistant Professor eereesg steerer lisensmoaerctant* Drinking Water uEach person needs >30 liters of safe freshwater a day for drinking, cooking and cleaning. "One in six people worldwide don't have access to safe freshwater + Water use = By 2028, 800 million people will experience absolute water scarcity, and two-thirds of the world population could be under stress conditions. 1.1 billion people have no access to any type of improved drinking source of water. (One in sx people worldwide don't have acess to safe freshwater 8% 22%Water & Health "Every year, 14 billions pounds of sewage, sludge, and garbage are dumped into the world's oceans = Over 19 trillion gallons of waste also enter the water bodies annually = Contaminated water and poor sanitation cause 30 000 deaths around the world daily WHO, 2011 4 Water & Health "At the start of the 21st century un-clean water is the world’s second biggest killer of children. = 1.8 million people die every year from diarrhoeal diseases, the leading cause of disease worldwide 90% of these are children under 5 (mostly in developing countries). = 133 million suffer from hi helminths (parasitic worn intensity intestinal s) infections = 1.5 million cases of clinical hepatitis A every year+ Students Without Water "UNICEF estimates over 50% of world’s schools have no access to drinking water/sanitation "Clean water leads to fewer water-borne diseases, which means fewer missed classes "Children (esp. girls) often miss class to fetch water = Child Mortality t "5,000 children die each day from water/sanitation related causes wUnclean water is the #1 cause of diarrheal diseases such as cholera =Children are most vulnerable to these diseases” Maternal Health "Carrying water can cause spinal malformations that make birth difficult =Many pregnant women collect water until the day they give birth mLack of water can aggravate anemia and cause fetal complications "Safe deliveries, pre- and post-natal care are impossible without access to clean water Situation in Pakistan "Access to safe water is available to only 61% population The proper sanitation facility is only available to 30 % population.+ Situation in Pakistan = About 2 million wet tones of human excreta are annually produced in the urban sector = Around 50% go into water bodies to pollute them = Almost 40% of deaths in Pakistan are related to water borne diseases = 9000 MG of wastewater having 20,000 tons of BOD loading are daily discharged into water bodies from the industrial sector [M.A Salemi Proceedings of International Symposium by CEWR in 1993] Situation in Pakistan = On average children below 24 months have 12 episodes of diarrhea per year = About 40% of all deaths (60% of infants death) are due to infections and parasitic disease, most of them water born. = Some 60% children die due to untreated and polluted water [1] = One study found that 40% of urban deaths are caused by water born diseases[2] G Haider etal, Water for environment in Pakistan, April 1998 2] AERC, Research report No.102 of October 21, 1994Sources of water in Karachi uIndus River (GKBWS) 70% sHub River through Hub Dam 25% sDumlotee wells 2% (KWSB 1994) + Situation in Karachi = Around 680 MGD total available water supplied to Karachi claimed by KWSB that hardly satisfies the requirement. uIn addition, KWSB conveyed that if the per capita water demand is 84 GPCD then the city water requirement would be around 1080 MGD that has generated a shortfall of 430 MGD.rs Situation in Karachi min 2015, KWSB claimed that city water demand was 1242 MGD generating a shortfall of 600 MGD. ain the current situation it would mean that 100 MGD of surplus water would be required after every 5 years. + Situation in Karachi =Moreover, 30-38% water losses due to obsolete, rusty, mugging and chronic leakages of water distribution system which shows inadequate maintenance and deprived managementee Summary of Water Quality 6 12 3 1 Korangi 18 633) @ae7) as.68) a Eat | 4 20 10 Lin 68.82) 9.4) 3 Sowh 10 10 0 (100) © 4 West =—20 1 8 @s) (48) 8 Malir 20 18 5 as, @) 6 Cental 22 1 15 5 Gls!) 8.18) (22.72) Total 124 48 1 32 @s22) 3.7) (25.20) Sources of Contamination «= Faulty and obsolete distribution network = Pumping and leakages ' Cross contamination of untreated domestic & industrial effluent 1 Poor linings of underground storage tanks = Urban runoff 1 Sewage leaks = Underground and overhead water tanks owned by the residents are not cleaned regularly+ Recommendations A comprehensive plan should be made and impleme to meet the human needs of safe drinking water an prevent the prevalence of all waterborne diseases. Health education should be provided about the potable water safety and its hazards, The drinking water supply should be continuous. To prevent cross-contamination water pipes should not pass along or across the sewage pipes. Water analyzing laboratory of KWSB should be upgraded for monitoring water quality parameters. + ; Recommendations ‘There is need to create public awareness for keeping cl their water storage tanks. Wastage and water theft should be properly monitored by concerned authorities. Generally water reservoirs were not cleaned periodically, it is suggested that they should be disinfected regularly. Water treatment plants should run by expert persons who should know exact demand for chlorination and to ensure the residual chlorine upto the consumer level. The water supply pipelines are very old, and need to be replaced .