Se tee UNIT ZL - Qu or oars Gente ee inees, UL22 BLIA4A. = A dest ?s a civil wrong That (voreng)) Ta, honed on lpeoch | a duty Seoposed by Caco Lobier, (harach) Qtvea Rise tvo~a (vesonat) civil Aight 4 pacts Moi erelusive “Lo anoihes arta O lars (0? 2 Berney When the Pinrip b beings an attion egetnal the defendant foe a poo culase toat, provi dan a el au the essentials thak toat, 1 The exisience defendant woud be Sabie [or +he Same. [defendant coay ov pee bhakility by taking the | Plea Somme defence. Te aenraas defences Undsr 402% : | @ Notenti mon fib Fajuaia oA pene eree oarmmulated by the Consent i= Volenti non prinynia 75 Roman juaist V\pian Gohicm peada A ORIQi Te “Ajalla Patratarest, qua When a peason consents [er ne inpiretron Q du for thet uncles the | Upon himself, he has no Rene oats. Which Mea strak TRO PO” hos on has GED Votuntoaily consented to de Sometheg, wn do Someone to do o Ceadain thing, Phen darnages Unda tre £2 9), oats. FIL Enya haar law | Peem se} he Cannot Cleien Volenti Nor- _— Essentials > Sa a> Rise cust be Knot? to When +h laindif, hos the bro e e eon bb een ca loss and f te Q thae 5 gong 4° Cause aspen . 2444 aceepi? to 4° cee , ue dejendar! wntrnot 4 Btable for Buch @ oe the InFers 5 HAMILTON: vl pan Lo Tia) Pn Defendants car, Cer Th ints CHOSE en 6b kneco Hat fhe clapendant 1a3 olunt- ne Scanned with CamScanner= The con Crashed Causing Miyuaies -lo ht io © htm. The clefenc 3 ° 6 s Holenbl non: git Prjusid! ts Gpptind coker teow Complee knowledge & ttre clang ancl prong 37h . Fain case, the plaints) knew trot ho iene, rie clnet anak Britt got 60% COX toi th Fis nowole lag and 8, tre Court held that fe chopenctan cote net Pia Riable and gelling in Ga (a (oitea bar Consent enough bo* fon maxim te Se fuel Rat Sa cc : & Redreansty D seaa(nre ken hs PSS. Ta Smith v Bakes *- The pranngh LOE Loosernan Loho Loos employed by the dlofendants to sei hoes Br gocks, Mert to % eaane, The Crane Sworn nes Z and the prarnr ip S Ponall Quen re Pintifps hagd Occasrone ‘ te 8 i p tots activity: COlale CORES, Was LXell QUAac on and Infuoad the pono who 1d age tote 24S ON consen bingy toe. In ge sion The House @ tones held Mat Zince Mere ces k= | knowtle gisk corthouk the assumption HF, the depeKe Loan not app Ucable and the Wow rasegusent lg d able. onsequentiy Aued the em plagers The plans Knowing tne Risk Voluataal 4 aggued to Gneux Tk Ta Padmevatt Vv Du aenctes (1975) lkam bt F3. yas Pes 22b. rPkile tre daives cons takin the yeep hor gies ne Jank , 120 SAzangers LO WA ny She jeep: Suddenl ove ane bolls [7xi0g the Aight sont Wheel to the ont pause KAs00n OUt and Sustained Injusies end oneg, ther { ed as a consequence 2 -the Some. Tt coax herd eee | newaner the diutvee mor hi. ee could be made Wate: | trol Tn jae Woy Lope ting the yeep. The two Strangers Scanned with CamScannerShee accident on dol Jarre g's Because Y4 ses a case ec ane S se © Strangqus had Votuntasit ot ‘ Seep and as Such, the Aine ple % Veunti- nec7 Git injuaia, was applica si” to HES CORE eopesial Chem*Pcak Pn dustaies VIS Shetacl\ “Tre employers Tanercd pre necessary easuned Goa Saye? and undst took Ha isk BIS des pite guch preasures gern paoui ded ben by tee ermploy er: Hert gre COUne observe thot tes 2 o a kan ernplegee® cure a nt en Gas ey, Consen@a to the can coi ok any Compuls/?? que cmploy pis coud ret fod FOR que Cold eX enerse degen : Loon 0m empleo: Liasle, ar undu Yolnt?- aon fie 7rfaae donzent pause be peerless ivens, Consen & giver sprout any sort ex lenet OR 1% * is under shoud be Wwithe tre Acquire Consen dejprdan Canno€e Clam we dence 3 vy Noten Hosprtot L*a. (“ori Nady score] Ayoueet oid Wworen, iced the devetopre™ Qe Pa fet lump gn hex baeasl, powers TE had 7o ehgcct onher Uteeus but dusiieg tre Sue9I44) hon UFesot woas Removet without providing dae qusttgrerte” Tha i Hrose Pre Hos pi tod Das lia b/e for deprerency dd trot ta patients of not extend ag hes Consent 2, fremovel Q he Véexus not Consene for ** Jot fire Scanned with CamScannerOconsem cay Be enpressed on 17h copied _ Expae. ~ E=Past, give Consent pokes Ex pacs § consent means feo vA actions TA tn fox yac ack: wenpted” < ene ee 7 Bure unde ne eee: Consent must . paaudi= any ® Consent obtained by be bese and it shoud not &S acquised by any Peaudulen & means — RY Lor sPams 19723) ] kop. 3 a music teaches coas held quill ‘S78 when be had Bernd ee cine Ocak A 8 ota that be mops étadent Y Ibyeas J 096 under te pre fence 2 AD Ten pro ue fret orcs. ack was an operation Excecerions! to Te rhorin | @® Consen? oEtained Under Compulsion = A peasen mes | be Compe ued by gome situarion to Rowe Ns un dartale ome Bist hich if he pad & jess Chorce, he cooud ror pave Undertaker | | | The acoused, Worle | ® Neg Wegenes 5 the endant- 2 Fon Hee Pte ‘be quailabl G4 7s yotken Nee es $7] tnok the Get done qnust be consent atsorn a wooeeng oso | pantech ee aired an tae < ev jee an hod 7? te pe } past Blow yhi Ae Tre ae had gee’ ca kn ot obser ting prose InsHue wor Lobe Nasecemab® visonmen of Eo cage 3 August 3.038.) “PerlwOorh Ayeyek Case LOTS zeae Arner lehen qe doven proms The Sook A agen 2 A Gequaed: Choe Loos pradectedion, tre Queso’ % 63HER. go oo) NO” Se ag signe on [eas Natake Higneoust | i noreras nerd Scanned with CamScanner| 8) Rescue Casesi~ When tre plaintiff voluniadly ©). ‘J faces Oo Aish +o gescue Sorncone ftom een danger, then Me chefp naar? cannot zuly Fey Morin pads pence Ta Haynes vis Haawood. the seeves Q the mpeg ee ae hotse Vans Unatiended ne Stscel- A boy playing Nea by Hews « ee at the posse and Tt Started gannin hyster? cally. THIS osed % dan ges Ho the neighbous heed, © lice N72 BAO tae Beers and” ivad ?n to preven fe Dang ea Ond fn doing SO Was Seves was held Gable cuen ts ont co Ww a LO tt Bana Tr berence- Prammer THE LW RONG DOER peng arate a es (ier pera “Lo Sia Fredeatok FoNect, wren Ins tein presen 5: bud 64° o pecousies rae pt 2 pee tin “ Conduct ¢ a yh P the Borne An 54 6 es 7 ih as irk Aosidye P dnd ne Side Ringe towne 08 ETT be wes voay cohen en Out oe fe hee Oe ascend, zo ; suena tpi leiotibgy pe dh, qoties olen ae panel coas Conta" to tht te mn wood ee phe ee coe ie pn piaindlf conongger Tae pag crane | sag quae fence Oe : B pe pet dient « Rodendatd Por Par oe revit’ pect An Previrabre gecident Cohtch coud roF P prdPracy Ce caution O aot dent PAY? Scanned with camScannera one Ot % wwe ordi) ne A Pou, ner VAThe aa AOR Gre : ene YVR, an accident tntags, So" , Bormetning 40 3 Ao unuao couse looted for &Y ete eA ° 2 CN decane Dacinary predence: spty Lo anysnin: di >, ¢ ‘ td ei) wich Piast pres coignt have ae phe. | siqie COP ete peduation Ltd | quwahatl | jaintig, or" Tee dant, penanh woiaing, 4 wohtch woes pore pre Same: T Gl Hos® nee obably to sheat ciacurt euctete easton an, was gouns a pew 9 ane Frenané + to pte ioe ensatien rt OF do be ro 7 yiqene® i + ane Land ord 3 para prot Bink! enant could ed Lt oa oiyerrt* purrding, pe to ngins to *#e P Te was herd trek eine’ pre defen dee”? coud Mok en perpibly us pert tre &0* contained Aitso~ G1yes'™* Hy ete not Liab ot dre a ident a | domoge caused b he qecident: \ reo Ci fanned with CamScannet T1 het 3Godi~ Act Y cma oe PD aK @. God 13 a Kind Q Previtable dig ference del go tre Cate B Bre ene Defemee ty. as accident volta Whe Act @ aod, He Resurting 19% oom ortein natura posse tke excep tioned heavy 48, ti a2 ana Voloan ?e- Ainjat, Shorr % Fempes eaupyions + ion EsscatietS @ Thee must be Woating i be ere On etn and (Dre oceusnence ™ which Could be ant? cfpated an Ae TV fcheisu Morstenk= “The. dejendant Counted Some autpee aes fore natural Banedos Dice tare Ot ee 5 fre heaviest Faarnan EMAL OSL Joke x darnming hau Pipjau, stated do be Aes 9 cohithy tae. embanereen ts ee b ' fash 9 coals eee a OF ogre as THE haha thak tee fe € 9) God FP lain T+ wae logs bea oceuteed clue te Ae ta 4 TDyenee Ss? Borg 5 ana AL PRwverte DEFENCE to protect 4 peas ona bur Pp. qe yw parte OS a set . per OR pepenr 6 few nae beer fore? cone 1 nec essere 6°" 6, a e not Se Lia ble fe* dit haxm Cause a ey « se raminent gnaente 40 eLkors Ba is entiaed to protect Shoud BF wares pore qe P 4 Proud not ack 1) 8 propery Wor rt mohan singh (uo zee 27 AN S31 Ed One aoad a pais aivac ndant mon pe peated o the cooing Sp cohich ME eke Avicious $ 4 mares belonging + Scanned with CamScanner™ws ee woas being dodven and [finally came 7 are Hh i 6 4 inte 4 © endant’s Compound tn Spite 2 atlernpts mace Te << gm and Continued his atcacks untit fae y ing hold Reo 3 peas gogireted a Sod ahgerdant Severe edound on tne left hind gquete« g made a5, but Bu bseguen 4 paevent h jae animal: Ayer Has tre Stator deed geo te oper 9 ape Bpear foster OD dants Acrren Was was hull thot tee qf tHe Ca toe. stallon cde% an da < 4 ae < edence = , Re (CD Nistare— miss 9, dave (aro is eels fe able 7 Exception to 4his is dhe ‘Ss CRON en bh quota Ais Gabry, by Shesing Hak pe acted Speen hut mistaken deliet. Deane HS pus igiable an mot entrtted +2 enc’ bei Sh Ree ea Bross We cexi yy oe hace ole the depence Pocesst ay haa ae oes % pyre Nee ETE: Z) Cases 9, parr recess. , amistdane id eed oe, anind PASOD tots % nece 22744 Ges oe Cotmnout hfs consent Oe necess Ae ence b pubis def lex The popes Bupac ne pm founded on maxim” Sal ] fe oe fs tte 3 [ ‘ ie tre peek A cue? re i pies aa oon Pitas cad gone a. ’ 1 society ecessity yitla & the orn? > 2 tye Ribertyand lige Shot ° oe yo. Ae a phot = Gy - be placed 20 Scanned with CamScanneraaa # Sa oy “Faxeg necessity oes Ne ge Spt Coton. | CE, faa Telits yls Bom bay Huoicipal Conperation 58S — aes) 3 S6o SKS FI ar TO the Context 27 aouqurnent Ina payee Lwetlears Q Bombay had amos cy, pavements ee J} Shees helper ness, Committed we tost gy back pe, Ondun pe Lae § tonts necess ti 15 pee abana enabus a pen we : & h out © Liability Sc. observed? ence eonteh tre ground Hat ane acls C proent alia te himset Hee 8 foe (avo 9 tosis, & balon io ee e dhernage , inte | “o pets 3 do nee o Henle. an stig 3 00 0 a ea perty hag ne pramedy % ion an rag haut: O57 gag senting Buch Cornpens Temunity SO chee pe St canis fam vp cabt oh 1 fect tory be a toat- Scanned with CamScannera Tarenteat and Quote Poxentat fractional ane if ——_ SS dULULr Taent eco parent? azents OR pean en loco PO? ts pray, ok die: a. pot 7 el > t do Gnf it repens w 7s euil 47 ne Chl _ iogter amo wer wih a Cog sect? a unis hment ho 3 beyonce 1oL— afin henson eet Puectecor Ae [ras dct ~ 4 we add? tfonek protection jor fudees and actin: udectarly « qe Act Con. 1 ' ou dees Ga function Prote dyion Lonich Bur Ae Cours oyyrein gunctions | peta [ae | " | | fa NEGLIGENCE - rgune RED 4 om | Precordtng to W%offeld,* ne vas axa toatis me } breach Qa tegat Audit to Sake Coon contch gesults 79 undesired by the defendant to the pledntiyy . | clamage +4 li Tae. cn involves th&ee Conatiriuents regitg ence Qa fo excteise due care on as poo ® te fowerdas tre pooy complesning Pesly Comp lain ed. within tha Scope 2 tae dee the formers P tondd © Breach gv ahd duly - © Gnsequentiot ae Arccording to Chaseles too. 2th & RP aq any Boner it Magee 5 Ray () & sdae YQ mind fr gate opposed ar nth a yp falee Carn HAA fe Sages Stotmle lero. by either (ommmon or Essentials 3 Neadigence. lon LY © De 3 Cone To the 4 Tr a ' Tet plains bb nee +o hese 15% a im establish “nab he endant owed t° Henn ha Bpecigic legat to dare coed Lohich mace aVS2each- Doroghes Vlas Sdevensoo 1932) pc. 562, mo Setaler dA a bottle % Kin ger bees f Ino uant,& lady aiend+ zed fn es am and Bhs Consume ss ake? contents Q the tne Contents aoe pott |e <3 Scanned with CamScannerboda a Snob ; ——== 5 e Ss ROS dlowted out cots Weta eS oO eek: The appellant ablisqed—+pot.s ging . Suypeneet Tn Wek heatin Tn Conseque ve Segiously. clasak & Port 9 Coton Us hawtn 4 yao Pe 3 tne Contaminodad Confents. Th - 2 bole Was dank opaque gina: an@ Closed Bo thon tHe Cntents cou Tne peetion: Zhe brow a turer (yor danmdye. cotin a meta cap: not be ascertained by manly One Q tre epences pleaded buy the dependents Wee Frat he did noe OWS S04 sy Come | Howards the PIsodh: Tne tlouse gy 402.48 i herd trot the pranufact ur er Owed hea a JhaR | alee caste Thoae tne bo tthe d noe conten (We cooutd be ary noxious matter and thek tHe by. beable or drs, bsreach G According 4° oad Atlin DA maoufactres BZ uch & hor os products caAich he eens mS F - Srteads trem ao peach ne Ole make | an action efnst the +o enamination an absence 3 Reasona P ; oe putting up gins products ws seguit in an injuty to the consurnets Aft on prope, OUlee a to the Consumer dotalee Tro Zecsonakh= on, Dali deep ends on preasonable horeseca bis B THRUAY | 7 tro act Or omission, #< enchant Ti at pre time Ao the pleat § hae palate onesee PAPOMY 6 ae firok ‘Injury aN a a dude tO we him Lfable Scanned with camscanné4@ The deceased Stipped Fnto a BPA jlled Loh 2085, Loeter Io Whe Mgnt. He Caugnt hard g a neersy Cleeteic pole +0 Buett+ a Lai Due Loloataqe Clectatcmy Tn the pote he Way electagcBteed, The ReSpon dent, Who Maintained tne clectatc Pek was Considered eg Vi gent and Woe hard Hable bk eae tne deceased . : coon thes mage ia entitied to Bee to Wer soisins Scanned with CamScanner@cc atiot by he ae 7, ° : & Tha tang tak ba caused the domag NG ender the disuch Controe dp oS endant 04 his, ackentobive Ta FS not at ous neeen> rok autre CTrcumsdentes Ore anda Fre endant’s Conmrot, bub Ff tr Ctonts Leadtn. yp the eeSdente lene ee tot Lontuct othe, bestdes (re endant) “then thre 4 ) mn rustic, ent fa. Gecjdent 4 Insuppicient eur 4 3. = chopendant - bb soe ant “ee Tikal Kaug vis Disecton Pena Chandiqan \ Vie 3.44) Scissoas weet are body Q 2 patient nation: Then h& Condition Crosser oh died. Scissoas Uso pecovered haem Se Cremedion . Compenscton ), and te docea bed @ Freedom from Contr butoay Neg ee \ a aie. rind < ssent ek for the pagers ie ase OF not CF ind iad park, apt praint {por any a q2 yt by ARO Zh i do te Pnjui® aes Se Contd ¥ Conta? We AO pre acd re . Athen cre PRoOages gree © nue oe kaanatara ae Road Taons port ApORATIOM hant- }I- \erishnan ~ AIR 178! ‘ Th an acetdent dane tesco buses baushed each ctrar bn Buck @ Loc dock He oh hands Qe a Fuaveling in one Nese s es UUee cute 2 hse dre Shoulder Fore TH oes Wad oak WA | Scanned with CamScanner“QéeP deat Tse) s oaks Yotumnes abi Hin 4 out port 6 : _ I 3 hLotn the " | negrgencs on tn , | Wonretes. Fire choot gine 7 so 1 appuck Fo Me Case eo ae tne oquitus cas cotisfacioay eaplaneation tne a, SHES ees Of S04 tis pacdea planation defendants en | Kald Liable, n i ° : Maxtm Rot apprennre 14 Hifjerenn trpanences gossible, a ao . The matin opp ue only tohen Injeunce (ror | | que facts 1S Hot arcedant codld nor NWS | Oceuved Lut fora endants meg ti gene The maxim ex oT opr 4 Fn canes hene ossibic OR WhO é i i BU} homer fnpenences OU dre cueson 50% HH rege gees 2o-unknon. 5 In QsR be VE Smt Seg Rok Aig 1299 Raj W- 7 = A o8 te Lghich 2208 arr hove occusned Aue 2 mechan teak fotire Qine ned evichants HOMIn AER EE | | pus hers onal Leg, Aniver, EA Oe Waevad toe “GNC ne Aoctai ges 1pae toputiet Could not hos US 9, t am ioe qe CIA CAST IG ey Tanase peat Conposation ‘be ued unde ie syasthan Sante Ron Vt Ane rita be Acted tia be Yes at a wes paousd « aye] 2 butiok Dae Aesump ti oo neglt ate, mina cee Fo Faoue tree 0D ho So cor to he nega uses Aue to 44 o be Arar es apparent! borne [oef0AS beyond yee Conte!) escape Lia bility ‘ Scanned with CamScannerTn Wagamans Vy). Cor porate , 0 H Ree reo S& Mad $9. 3 — Fr Ventilator Seon Pest ana Pavement belenying fo Here Madsas Cospoaotion fell Jor Unlenowon Aces bn a, passerby Caustrg head Pnfucies and U Mimet clea th The person: Fre pacsumption pegtigence on the pet gr Corporection Was xetsed bat Ine 2 abe + rebut due resumpien Cospots tie" We? Creel Eolama (Ok rad alm ed proving trad Whereas it had & Scanned with CamScanner