Leadership and the Project Manager Chapter 4Learning Goals Understand how project management is a “leader intensive” profession. Distinguish between the role of a manager and the characteristics of a leader. Understand the concept of emotional intelligence as it relates to how project managers lead. Recognize traits that are strongly linked to effective project leadership. Understand the implications of time orientation on project management. Identify the key roles project champions play in project success. Recognize the principles that typify the new project leadership. Understand the development of project management professionalism in the discipline.Leadership “The ability to inspire confidence and support among the people who are needed to achieve organizational goals.” Project management is leader intensive! ‘For the project manager, leadership is the process by which he or she influences the project team to get the job done!” _—Leaders Vs. Managers + Managers have official titles in an organization with administration duties, plan, direct, and control the behaviors of others. « Leaders focus on interpersonal relationships rather than administration: inspiring, . motivating, and influencing others in pursuit of a goal. Important differences exist between the two: * Creation of purpose * Outcomes * Network development « Focus <=) + Execution + Time-frame gDifferences Between Managers and Leaders mncern: Creation of Purpose Developing a Network for Achieving the Agenda Manage. Focus on plans and budgets; creates steps, timetables for achieving results and looks for resources to support goals. Organizes and staffs; creates structure for achieving the plans; delegates responsibility and authority; develops procedures to guide behavior; creates monitoring systems. ee Establishes direction; creates a vision and the strategies needed to achieve it. Aligns people with the target; communicates direction by word and deed to those whose cooperation is needed; creates teams that understand and share the project’s vision.Differences Between Managers and Leaders Execution Controls and solves problems; _ Motivates and inspires; monitors results and applies _ energizes people to overcomes corrective action, obstacles and show personal it ‘ive. Outcomes Produces a degree of Produces change; challenges the predictability and order; seeks _ status quo. to maintain the status quo. Focus Efficiency of operations Effectiveness of outcomes Time-Frame Short-term, avoiding risks, Long-term; taking risks, maintaining and imitating. innovating and originating,Differences Between Managers and Leaders do the right thing ‘ommand respect develop new processes a ison people innovate inspire trast originate focused on potential earn their position ave long-term goal do things right Demand respect maintain the status quo ‘ocus on systems administer trive for control imitate sed on the bottom line state their position "~~short-term viewHow the Project Manager Leads Project managers function as mini-CEOs and manage both “hard” technical details and “soft” people issues. Project managers: » acquire project resources » motivate and build teams > have a vision and fight fires » communicate _—Acquiring Resources » Projects may be underfunded in the concept stage for a variety of reasons: ° Deliberately vague goals, allows the project to be fluid > No top management sponsor » Requirements (resources) understated to get project accepted Insufficient funds - too many projects occurring » Distrust between top managers and project managers thinking the needs have been padded Note: Resources can be considered either personnel or raw materialMotivating and building teams Definition: The general desire or willingness of someone to do something. » Motivation ultimately comes from within us » Each of us decides whether we will become motivated to do the work we are assigned » Successful project managers must recognize they need to be able to > Recognize talent > Recruit it » Mold a team of collaborative workers ° ....apply motivational techniques as necessary See Herzburg Article - How to Motivate 10Motivating and building teams http://despair.com/motivation.html 1"Communication /t is critical for a project manager to maintain strong contact with all stakeholders. /f they do not know what you are doing, they may assume you are doing nothing. Productive project meetings feature task oriented and group maintenance behaviors and serve to: > update all participants on project status > increase understanding of the goal >» drive commitment on how the team member fits into the team » make decisions as a group >» provide visibility of the project statusLeadership & Emotional Intelligence Emotional intelligence refers to leaders’ ability to understand that effective leadership is part of the emotional and relational transaction between subordinates and themselves. Five elements x characterize 7 set | emotional Stari a | intelligence: . \ } \ J Motivation — 13Traits of an Effective Project Leader A number of studies on effective project leadership reveals these common themes: » Effective communication » Flexibility to deal with ambiguity » Works well with the project team » Skilled at various influence tactics » Encouraging » Honest What do you think would make an effective project leader? _— .Seven Essential Project Management Abilities Ws Organizing under conflict - ability to manage and handle conflict Experience - know how/where to get task done Decision making Productive creativity - implement innovative ideas Organize with cooperation Cooperative leadership Analytical thinking _— .What are Project Champions? Champions are fanatics in the single- minded pursuit of their ideas. Champions can be: » Creative originators - the driving force » Entrepreneurs - works to sell the idea » “Godfathers” - promote and protects » Project managers _— .Champion Roles Traditional Duties * technical understanding * team leadership * coordination & control ° of activities . * obtaining resources . * administrative . _— Nontraditional Duties cheerleader visionary politician risk taker ambassadorCreating Project Champions » Identify and encourage their emergence » Encourage and reward risk takers » Remember the emotional connection Champions may have to their project » Free Champions from traditional management roles so they can focus on effectivity not efficiency _— .Steps to Developing Project Management Professionals » Match personalities to project work » Use training programs to formally commit to project management » Develop a unique award system for project managers » Identify a distinct career path for project managers —— .The “New” Project Leadership Four competencies determine a project leader’s success: 1. Understanding and practicing the power of appreciation of other’s talents. 2. Reminding people what’s important compared to the trivial many. 3. Generating and sustaining trust with team members. 4. Aligning, not dominating team members.Growing Professionalism of Project Management » Project work is becoming the standard for many organizations to achieve their goals » There is a critical need to upgrade the skills of current project workers through continual training and skill development » Project managers and support personnel need dedicated career paths where project management is a permanent career choiceChapter 4 Review and Discussion The chapter stressed the idea that project management is a “leader intensive” undertaking. Discuss in what sense this statement is true. How do the duties of project managers reinforce the role of leadership? What are the key differences between leaders and managers? Discuss the concept of emotional intelligence as it related to the duties of project managers. Why are the five elements of emotional intelligence critical to successful project management? Consider the studies on trait theories in leadership. Of the characteristics that emerge as critical to effective leadership, which seem most critical to project managers? Why?Chapter 4 Review and Discussion 6. At the back of the chapter (page 129) is a Future Time Perspective scale. After completing it, determine whether you have a future time perspective, present time perspective, or past time perspective. What are the implications for the types of tasks you enjoy performing? How will your preferences lead to strengths and weaknesses in managing projects? 7. Why are project champions said to be better equipped to handle the “non-traditional” aspects of leadership? s. Consider the discussion of “new project leadership.” If you were asked to formulate a principle that could be applied to project leadership, what would it be? Justify your answer.