A.

PYELONEPHRITIS
A patient consulted in the emergency department with complaints of high fever, chills,
dysuria, and back pain. Laboratory results are as follows:
WBC –13,000 cells/mcL
Neutrophils –10,000 per mm3
Lymphocytes –3,500 per mm3
Serum Sodium –136 mEq/L
Serum Potassium –3.7 mEq/L
Urinalysis:
Color: Hazy yellow
Bacteria: Too many to count
Pus cells: >100 cells/hpf
RBC: >100 cells/hpf
Specific gravity: 1.280
The doctor ordered co-trimoxazole (Bactrim) 800/160mg tablet TID for 14 days and
phenazopyridine (Pyridium) 200 mg tablet TID for 3 days.Given the above case, answer
the following questions:

1.WHAT LABORATORY VALUES POINT TOWARDS THE DIAGNOSIS OF

PYELONEPHRITIS?
• The laboratory values point towards the diagnosis of Pyelonephritis is
increased neutrophil secondary to increased WBC count and hematuria presence in
the urine.
2.What is the most common causative agent of urinary tact infections?
• The most common causative agent or urinary tract infection is Escherichia coli is the
most common pathogen in acute pyelonephritis , and in the past decades, there has been an
increasing rate of E. coli resistance to extended-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics.Though it is
less common to older adults, the prevalence rate of catching the infection is 82% for women,
and 73% for men.
2.Give at least two (2) helth teaching points that will helo the prevention of recurrence of
UTI?
Drink plenty of liquids, especially water.Drinking wter helps dilute you urine and ensures
that you’ll urinate more frequently – allowing bacteria ti be flushed from your urinary tract
before an infection can begin.
Wipe from front to back.Doing so after urinating and after a bowel movments helps prevent
bacteria in the anal region from spreading to the vagina and urethra.
4.Create a drug study for the medication : CO-TRIMOXAZOLE specifying the
following.
Drug Classification: Sulfonamides
MOA: Sulfamethoxazole interferes with bacterial folic acid synthesis and growth via inhibition
of dihydrofolic acid formation para-aminonezonic acid; trimethoprim inhibits dihydrofolic acid
reduction to tetahydrofolic resulting in sequential inhibition of enzymes of the folic acid
pathway.
Indication: Use to treat urinary bladder or urinary tract infections (water infection)
Contraindication
Side Effects
Nursing Consideration

4. Create a drug study for the medication: CO-TRIMOXAZOLE specifying the following:
a. Drug classification
b. Mechanism of action
c. Indication (*for the case of the patient mentioned above)
d. Contraindication
e. Side effects
f. Nursing Considerations
5. Create a drug study for the medication: PHENAZOPYRIDINE specifying the
following:
a. Drug classification
b. Mechanism of action
c. Indication (*for the case of the patient mentioned above)
d. Contraindication
e. Side effects
f. Nursing Considerations