CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-21

1.1 INTRODUCTORY 1
1.2 JUVENILE DELIQUENCY 7
1.3 CAUSES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY 10
1.3.1 BIOLOGICAL CAUSES 10
1.3.2 SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL 11
1.3.3 PSYCHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND 20
PERSONAL
CHAPTER 2 MEANING OF THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM AND 22-55
ITS HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
2.1 INTRODUCTORY 22
2.2 WHO IS A “JUVENILE”? 23
2.3 MEANING AND THE CONCEPT OF JUVENILE 25
JUSTICE
2.4 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE JUVENILE 27
JUSTICE SYSTEM IN INDIA
2.5 JUVENILE JUSTICE BOARD 46
CHAPTER 3 JUDICIARY AND JUVENILE JUSTICE 56-77
3.1 s 56
3.2 ISSUES BEFORE THE HIGHER COURTS 57
3.2.1 RELEVANT DATE FOR APPLICABILITY OF THE 57
ACT
3.2.2 THE PLEA OF CHILD STATUS 59
3.2.3 DETERMINATION AND EVIDENCE OF AGE 62
3.2.4 APPLICATION OF THE ACT TO COMMISSION OF 66
SPECIAL OFFENCES
3.2.5 PROCEDURAL ISSUES 67
3.3 THE SUPREME COURT’S INITIATIVE FOR THE 72
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE JUVENILE JUSTICE
ACTS
3.3.1 IMPACT OF THE SHEELA BARSE CASE ON 73
JUVENILES
3.4 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE JUDICIAL PROCESS 75
CHAPTER-4 JUVENILE JUSTICE (CARE AND PROTECTION OF 78-104
CHILDREN) ACT, 2015
4.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE ACT 78
4.2 JUVENILE JUSTICE ACT 2015 UNDER LYING 83
FOLLOWING PRINCIPLES
4.3 CHANGES INCORPORATED IN JUVENILE JUSTICE 85
(CARE AND PROTECTION) ACT,2015
4.4 JUSTICE VERMA COMMITTEE REPORT IMPACT ON 86
JUVENILE JUSTICE ACT, 2015
4.4.1 CHANGES IN ADOPTION PROCEDURES 91
4.5 THE JUVENILE JUSTICE (CARE AND 94
PROTECTION OF CHILDREN) ACT, 2015: A
CRITIQUE
4.4.1 EVALUATION BY THE JUVENILE JUSTICE 94
 BOARD
4.4.2 EVALUATION BY THE CHILDREN’S COURT 99
4.4.3 VIOLATION OF THE DOCTRINE OF FRESH 103
START
CHAPTER-5 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 105-126
5.1 ROLE OF JUVENILE JUSTICE BOARDS 107
5.2 STRUCTURING OF INDIVIDUAL CARE PLANS 108
IN “PLACES OF SAFETY”
5.3 INDETERMINATE SENTENCING 112
5.4 THE CRUCIAL SECOND LIMB 118
REFERENCES