bE babi Bie iB C2 PHYSICAL FEATURES OF INDIA Class-9% Subject- Geography NCERT Q/A Q1:- What are tectonic plates? Ans:- Fragments of earth's crust torn due to the rising convectional currents are called tectonic plates. E.g., Eurasian plate, Indo-Australian Plates etc. Q2:- Which Continents of today were part of the Gondwans land? Ans:- South America, South Africa( AFRICA), Antarctica, Australia and India(Asia). Q3:- What is the Bhabar? ‘Ans:- Bhabar is a narrow belt of land which is about 8-16 Km wid is covered with pebbles deposited by the rivers lying parallel to t slopes of the Shiwaliks. All the streams disappear in this Bhaber belt. Q4:- Name the three major divisions of Himalayas from North to South. ‘Ans:- The three major divisions of Himalayas from North to South are 1) The Great or Inner Himalayas or Himadri 2) The Himachal or Lesser Himalaya 3) The Shiwaliks or Outer Himalayas Q5:- Which plateau lies between Aravali and the Vindhyan ranges? Ans:- Malwa Plateau. Q6:- Name the island group of India having Coral Origin. ‘Ans:- Lakshadweep islands. ‘Scared with ComSeanner eeQ7 Distinguish between: ') Converging and diverging tectonic plates. Ans: Converging tectonic plate 1. When tectonic plates come towards each other, they are called tectonic plates. Lg When they come towards each other, they either collide and crumble or one of them slide under the other. w . Converging plates lead to the occurrence of the explosive type of volcanic eruption, earthquakes etc. 4. Converging plates are destructive plates, "| Diverging Tectonic plate 1, When tectonic plates move away from each other, they are called diverging plates. | . When they move away from each other, they do not collide and crumble. N . They result in the creation of new oceanic crusts and the creation of faults. w > Diverging plates are constructive plates. (ii) Bhangar and Khadar Ans:- Bhangar Khadar | 1. This is a highland composed of old alluvium. 2. It is always above the level of flood plain. 1. This is a lowland composed of new alluvium. 2. It is flooded almost every year and new alluvium is deposited. ‘Scared with ComSeanneroften saturated with calcareous deposits known as Kankar, 4. This soil is not much suited fe Rc Shs Ans 3. Itis often characterised by clayey soil which is very fertile. 4. This soil is ideal for intensive cultivation. i) Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats ihe western Ghats mark the western edge of the Deccan plateau. 2. They ere continuous and cen be crossed through Passes only. 3. They lie parallel to the western coast along the Arabian sea. 4. The highest peak is Anaimudi with a height of 2695m. 5. The average elevation is 900 to 1600m. Eastern Ghats 1, The Eastern Ghats mark the eastern edge of the Deccan plateau. 2. They are discontinuous and irregular and dissected by rivers draining into the Bay of Bengal. 3. They lie parallel to the eastern coast along the Bay of Bengal. 4. The highest peak is Jindhagada with a height of 1690 metres. 5. The average elevation is 600m. O8:- Describe how Himalayas were formed? Ans:- About 200 million years ago, a single giant landmass called Pangea broke into two landmasses- Lauratia and Gondwanaland. ‘Scanned with ComScannerLater on, the convection: al currents broke or fractured the crust of the Gondwani aland into a number of pieces, One of the broken plates called drifted towards the north and called Eurasian plate. Indo-Australian plates collided with a much larger plate Due to the collision, accumulated in the Teth Himalayas. | the sedimentary rocks which were 'YS Sea were folded to form so called O8:- Which are the major physiographic divisions of india? Contrast the relief of the Himal layan region with that of the Peninsular plateau. Ans:- The major physiographic divisions of India are:- 1) The Himalayan Mountains 2) The Northern Plains 3) The Indian Desert 4) The Coastal Plains 5) The Peninsular Plateau 6) The Islands Contrast between the relief of the Himalayan region and the Peninsular plateau is given below:- Himalayan region | Peninsular Plateau r 1. The Himalayas are young 1. The Peninsular plateau isa | mountains which were tableland which was formed by folding process formed due to the due to the collision of the breaking of the Indo-Australian plate and Gondwanaland. the Eurasian plate. 2. The Himalayas are 2. The Peninsular plateau is composed of sedimentary composed of old rocks. crystalline, igneous and metamorphic rocks. ‘Scared with ComSeanner3. Peninsular plateau is_ | considered to be one of | the most stable landmass, | 3. From the point of view of geology, this region forms an unstable zone. 4, The Himalayan region 4. It consist of broad and consists of the loftiest shallow valleys and mountains and deep rounded hills. valleys. 5, Himalayas are the most 5. The Deccan plateau is one recent landforms. of the most ancient landmasses. Q10:- Give an account of the Northern Plains of India. ‘Ans:- The Northern Plains have been formed by the interplay of three major rivers:- The Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. The plain has been formed due to the depositional work of these rivers. The plain spreads over an area of 7 lakh sq.km. The plains are 2400 km long and about 240 km broad. With its adequate water supply and favourable climate, it is agriculturally productive part of India. The Northern plains of India have been divided into three sections:- 1) The Punjab Plains:- They cover the Western part of the Northern plains. This region is drained by the Indus and its tributaries- the Jhelum, the Chenab, the Beas, the Ravi and the Satluj. 2) The Ganga Plains:- The plain extends between Ghaggar and the Teesta rivers, spread over the states of Harayana, U.P., Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal. 3) The Brahmaputra Plains:- It lies to the east of Ganga Plains. It covers the areas of Assam. Q11:- Write short notes on the following:- ‘Scanned with ComScanner ___ owt a I(a)The Indian Desert ‘Ans:- The Indian Desert lies towards the western margins of the ‘Aravali hills. It is an undulating sandy plain covered with sand dunes. This region receives very low rainfall, below 150mm per year. Streams appear during the rainy season. Luni is the only large river in this region. This region has low vegetation cover. The Indian Desert is also known as Thar desert. (B) The Central Highlands Ans:- The part of the Peninsular Plateau lying to the north of the Narmada river, covering major area of the Malwa Plateau is known as the central highlands. They are bounded by the Vindhya range from the South and Aravali hills from the North west. The central highlands are wider in the west but narrow in the east.the eastward extensions of this plateau are locally known as Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand. The Chotanagpur plateau marks the further eastward extension of this plateau. (C) The Island groups of India Ans:- Lakshadweep Island Group :-_ This island group lies close to th Malabar coast. This group of islands is composed of small coral islands. It covers small area of 32 sq. Km and it consists of 35 - Kavaratti island is the administrative headquarter of the Lakshdweep islands. The Pitti island, which is uninhabited is a bird sanctua' ‘Andaman and Nicobar Islands group :- These group of islands located in the Bay of Bengal extending from North to South. They having an area of 8,249 sq. km. These island groups consist of 572 islands from which 550 are in Andaman and 22 are in Nicobar i group. Port Blair is the capital of Andaman and Nicobar island g! These islands are an elevated portion of submarine mountains. 3 e 3 ‘Scared with ComSeanner Py