CHAPTER 5

MEASURES OF VARIABLITY
1. The Range
Refers to the difference between the highest and the lowest score.
If the highest score is 25 and the lowest score in a distribution is 10. Then the range is equal to
25-10 or 15.

2. The average or mean deviation.

The formula is,
Md=(∑ /x-Ẋ/)/n
Where, x= score of value
Ẋ=mean
n=number of cases.

Values Algebraic Absolute

deviations from deviation from
the mean (x-Ẋ) the mean /x-Ẋ/
11 11-13 =-2 /-2/=2

12 12=13=-1 /-1/=1

13 13-13=0 0

14 14-13=1 /1/=1

15 15-13-2 /2/=2

∑x=65 ∑(x-Ẋ)=0 ∑/x-Ẋ/=6

Ẋ=65/5
Ẋ=13

Md=(∑ /x-Ẋ/)/n
Md=6/5 0r 1.2.

3. Standard Deviation and Variance

Standard deviation and Variance for ungrouped Data.

√∑
n
S= ¿¿¿¿
i=1
Where,

Ẋ= mean
X=the scores/data given
N= sample size
 Score Deviation Squared deviation
(x) from the from the mean
Mean (x-Ẋ)2
(x-Ẋ)
7 7-10=-3 (-3)2 = 9

8 8-10=-2 (-2)2 = 4

10 10-10=0 0

12 12-10=2 22=4

13 13-10 = 3 32 =9

∑x=50 ∑(x-Ẋ)=0 ∑(x-Ẋ)2 = 26

Mean
Ẋ= 50/5=10

√∑
n
S= ¿¿¿¿
i=1

S = √ 26/ 4

S=√ 6.5

S=2.55

VARIANCE = The variance is the square of the standard deviation.

So,
V= s2 , s= 2.55
V- 2.552
V= 6.5025