2022 Auto wiring DLC test

The quickest way to test engine wirings in 2021 has changed. Now, you can diagnose automotive wiring
problem by using the diagnostic link connector of your vehicle. It's not just plugging in the scanner and walla!
You get the fix. NO...You need to know how the DLC is wired so you can analyze the problem.I also added a new
DLC Breakout Box gadget so you can test quicker.
Your cheap or even expensive scanner will be rendered useless if the scanner monitor says NO
COMMUNICATION. Shown above is the DLC and the 16 pin terminals.Troubleshooting starts from here and
knowing what are the terminal pin purpose is important. Shown below is the terminal identification:

Pin 1 may or may not be used depending if the vehicle is GM or not. When used as low speed bus network,
voltage could vary from 5 to 7 volts depending on application. Sometimes it can go up upto 12 volts. Get hold
of a wiring diagram to verify.

Pin 2 low speed serial bus J1850 Bus+ for GM and Can vehicle (Chrysler and Ford). Same voltage applies as Pin 1
above.

Pin 4 universal ground to chassis for both GM and Can vehicles

Pin 5 universal ground for signal for both GM and Can vehicles

Pin 6 is high speed serial data line called GMLan + for GM vehicles or Can_H for Can vehicles. Voltage range
from 2.5 v to 3.5 v. Any reading out of this means bad network bus wiring, defective module or connections.
Other vehicles use this voltage range including domestic and imported ones. Verify it by having a wiring
diagram.

Pin 7 may or may not used for GM vehicles or ISO 9141-2 K line/14230-4 for Can vehicles. Voltage range is the
same as Pin1 above.
Pin 8 and Pin 9 may or may not be used depending if the vehicle is GM or not. When used possibly applied as
low speed network like Pin 1 above with the same voltage range. To be sure, get a wiring diagram handy so
you can verify.

Pin 10 low speed serial J1850 Bus for Can vehicle. May or may not be used in GM vehicles. If applied will work
as low speed network bus as Pin 1 above (verify with a wiring diagram).

Pin 14 is high speed serial data line called GMLan - for GM vehicles or Can_L for Can vehicles. Voltage range is
about 1.5 to 2.5 volts. Any voltage out of this range means trouble. Check wiring diagram to verify network
bus connections for shorts, open or poor connection. It could also mean bad module/s connected to it.

Pin 15 is ISO 9141-2 L line/14230-4 for Can vehicles. May or may not be used in GM vehicles. When applied,
normally used as low speed bus network. Voltage range is the same as Pin 1 but verify also with a wiring
diagram.

Pin 16 universal battery power

Take note that the above voltage values requires the use of a MINMAX voltmeter that can handle low voltage
like under 10 volts. It is better if you can get hold also of a BREAKOUT BOX to make troubleshooting easier.
You can see it on my other DEMO HERE (scroll at the bottom)

Sometimes also, if you have NO COMMUNICATION with your scanner, having the scanner plug in at the
breakbox box while watching the voltage can lead you to the problem if you unplug the defective network
bus or module.

Take a look at this DEMO HERE and scroll to see the diagrams and splice connectors

Finally, communication speed can also vary for each type of vehicle. GM vehicles used low speed data bus
from 2003 but started using high speed data bus in 2005. The same pattern of data bus communication speed
has been used by Ford, Chrysler including Toyota vehicles when comparing vehicles of similar size and
application when analyzing the wiring diagrams.

Testing No Communication for scanners:

Since most of these 16 pin terminals of the DLC are used to communicate with your vehicle modules, you can
use the following guide to measure the power, ground and signal data link voltages readings as shown below.

1.) With your voltmeter negative lead connected to the battery ground post and positive lead connected to
following terminal pins:

With engine key on engine off (KOEO)

Pin 1 is zero voltage or 5-7 volts for GM, Ford, Chrysler and Toyota vehicles for 2003-2005 model year. Voltage
reading could start showing up in 2007 model year which depends on type of vehicle.

Pin 2 could vary between 5 volts to 7 volts depending on the make of the vehicle from 2003 to 2005 model for
GM and Chrysler vehicles but cold change to zero volt in 2007 model. Ford vehicles showed change to zero
volt in 2005 upto 2008. Toyota vehicles on the other hand stayed at zero volt from 2003-2007.
Pin 3 reads zero volt from 2003-2008 for GM, Toyota and Chrysler vehicles. Ford vehicles would also stay at
zero volt from 2003 but would showing voltage reading starting 2008 model year.

Pin 4 should read zero voltage from 2003-2008 for all vehicle makes (ground).

Pin 5 should read zero voltage from 2003-2008 for all vehicle makes (sensor ground).

Pin 6 should read zero voltage from 2003-2004 for GM and Ford vehicles but would start showing voltage
reading on 2005 model, Chrysler would show zero voltage from 2003-2006 but would start showing voltage
reading on 2007 model. Finally, Toyota vehicles showed voltage reading starting 2003 -2008 models. When
voltage reading shows up, it could vary from 2.5 volts to 3.5 volts depending on the make of the vehicle.

Pin 7 to Pin 13 are optional including Pin 15 which depends on the make of the vehicle.

Pin 14 should read zero voltage from 2003 to 2004 for GM and Ford vehicles but should start showing voltage
reading in 2005-2008 models. Chrysler vehicle showed zero reading from 2003-2006 but starts showing
voltage reading in 2007 models and up. Toyota vehicle shows voltage reading starting 2003 -2008. When
voltage reading appears, it should read between 1.5 volts upto 2.5 volts depending on the make of the
vehicle.

Pin 16 is 12 volts all the time for all makes of vehicle.

TIP WHEN YOU ARE NOT SURE ABOUT THE VOLTAGE READING Get hold of a wiring diagram first so you will
know what pin at the DLC is working. Then sometimes by unplugging or ISOLATING the bad network bus wire
or module, you will see a change in the voltage reading. Also, if you hook up a scanner, you will see the
change there too.