Bow legs and

knock knees in children

Orthopaedic fact sheet 3

Bow legs and knock knees are a normal part of

a child’s growth.

1. Bow legs (genu varum)

It is normal for infants to be born with bow legs.
Bow legs may become more obvious in toddlers as
they begin to walk. When a child with bow legs stands
with their feet and ankles together, the knees stay
apart (Figure 1). In most children bow legs disappear
without treatment by the time they are two or three
years old. This is often followed by a period of time
with knock knees.

2. Knock knees (genu valgum)

Knock knees are common in children between the ages
of three and five. When a child with knock knees stands
with their knees together, the feet and ankles stay apart
(Figure 2). In most children the legs gradually straighten
with growth, and are usually in a normal position by the
time they are eight years old.

Figure 1. In bow legs, when the feet and

Because bow legs and knock knees usually correct
ankles are together, the knees remain apart
naturally, special shoes, braces or exercises are not
recommended. If you are concerned about the shape
of your child’s legs, it may be helpful to take a
photograph of your child every six months to show your
doctor. Photograph your child standing with their knees
facing forward.

Bow legs and knock knees are normal in young

children as they grow. However, visit your child’s
doctor if:
• your child’s bow legs or knock knees are severe
• bow legs persist after age three
• knock knees worsen after age eight
• only one leg is affected
• your child has pain or a limp
• your child is unusually short for their age. Figure 2. In knock knees, when the knees
are together, the feet and ankles remain apart

This fact sheet has been developed by The Royal Children’s Hospital. The information
contained in this fact sheet is intended to assist, not replace, discussion with your doctor
or health care professional. The Royal Children’s Hospital and the Victorian Paediatric
Orthopaedic Network do not accept any responsibility, and will not be liable for, any
inaccuracies, omissions, information perceived as misleading, or the success of any treatment
regimen detailed in the fact sheet. Fact sheets may not be reproduced without permission.
©2010 The Royal Children’s Hospital (RCH), Victoria, Australia.
Last updated October 2011. ERC 100373