STUDY ON SMART

GRID OVERVIEW
IN ASEAN
STUDY ON SMART GRID
OVERVIEW IN ASEAN
4

Study on Smart Grid Overview in ASEAN

Editors:
• ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE)
• Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH
• Dr. Thomas Ackermann, Dr. Eckehard Troester and Peter-Philipp Schierhorn,
Energynautics GmbH

Published by:
ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE)
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH

ACE Building, 6th floor

Complex Directorate General of Electricity
Jl. HR. Rasuna Said kav.7-8 Jakarta, Indonesia
Tel: (62-21) 527 8027 | Fax: (62-21) 529 6382
www.agep.aseanenergy.org
www.facebook.com/sustainableenergyforasean

October 2018
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The Study on Smart Grid Overview in ASEAN was prepared under the overall guidance of Ir. Dr.
Sanjayan Velautham, Executive Director of ACE and Maria-José Poddey, Principal Advisor for AGEP,
GIZ. The Study development was managed by Rizky Fauzianto (GIZ), Muhammad Shiddiq (ACE) and
Melati Wulandari (GIZ).

The Study was developed with the assistance of Dr. Thomas Ackermann and Dr. Eckehard Troester
(Energynautics GmbH) as the consultant.

Valuable review and feedback were provided by ACE colleague, Septia Buntara.

The study has benefited from input by representatives from power utilities and regulatory bodies in
six ASEAN Member States, i.e. Cambodia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam
participated in The Second ASEAN Regional Renewable Energy Grid Integration Training held on 13-
15 August 2018 in Bangkok. This training is the follow-up from the first training held in Jakarta on 20-
21 March 2018 and also will be continued with the third training which is planned to be held in Kuala
Lumpur on February 2019. Their comments and suggestions were of great value and have helped
shape the final study.

Special thanks and appreciation are extended to the Head of ASEAN Power Utilities/Authorities
(HAPUA), PT. Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) Persero, Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand 5
(EGAT), Metropolitan Electricity Authority (MEA) and Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA).

Study on Smart Grid Overview in ASEAN

 DISCLAIMER

The Study on Smart Grid Overview in ASEAN was prepared by the ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE)
and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH with technical assistance
from Energynautics GmbH, as international consultant, with the support of the German Federal
Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) through the ASEAN-German Energy
Programme (AGEP).

The material featured in this publication is provided “as is.”

All reasonable precautions have been taken by ACE and GIZ to verify the reliability of the material
featured in this publication. Neither ACE nor any of its officials, agents, data or other third-party
content providers or licensors provide any warranty, including the accuracy, completeness or fitness
for a particular purpose or use of such material. As to the non-infringement of third-party rights, they
accept no responsibility or liability with regard to the use of this publication and the material featured
therein. The ASEAN Member States or the individuals and institutions that contributed to this study
are not responsible for any opinions or judgements the study contains.

The information contained herein does not necessarily represent the views, opinions or judgements
of the AMS or of the individuals and institutions which contributed to this study. Nor is it an
endorsement of any project, product or service provider. The designations employed and the
presentation of material herein do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of ACE nor GIZ
6 concerning the legal status of any region, country, territory, city or area or of its authorities. Nor do
they concern the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries.
 FOREWORD

ASEAN energy demand is expected to reach at least 2.3 times higher in 2040 than in 2015, according
to the 5th ASEAN Energy Outlook. Rapidly rising energy demand and increasing energy prices are
great challenges to most of the ASEAN Member States (AMS) in their effort to ensure economic
growth and prosperity to their peoples. To overcome these challenges, ASEAN has been guided by the
ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation (APAEC) 2016-2025, with the theme ‘Enhancing Energy
Connectivity and Market Integration in ASEAN to achieve Energy Security, Accessibility, Affordability
and Sustainability for All’. APAEC has set the regional target to increase the ratio of renewable energy
(RE) to 23% by 2025 in the whole ASEAN total primary energy supply (TPES), and to initiate a
multilateral electricity trade in at least one sub-region by 2018.

To achieve the target and meet the growing electricity demand, ASEAN embarks on a regional
interconnecting arrangement through the ASEAN Power Grid (APG) project under the ASEAN Vision
2020. Heads of ASEAN Power Utilities/Authorities (HAPUA), as one of ASEAN Specialised Energy
Bodies (SEB) carries out the activities. The Member States believe that an ASEAN-wide aspirational RE
target and the integration of energy infrastructure can solve the problem of energy access and demand
in AMS, especially for the remote and rural area.

To support this action plan and with the rise of RE in the power systems--in particular solar and wind
energy—the ASEAN-German Energy Programme (AGEP) developed a study that reviews the good
practice and implementation of smart grids in Europe and ASEAN, especially in Indonesia and Thailand.
AGEP, a jointly implemented project by ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) and Deutsche Gesellschaft 7
für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic
Cooperation and Development (BMZ), conducted the study to provide recommendations on smart grids
implementations to support AMS in establishing reliable and cost-effective power supply.

The development of smart grid could trigger many improvements for ASEAN such as enhancing power
and information flows, increasing various source of renewables into the grid, smart metering, and many
more. Hence, we are pleased to present the Study on Smart Grid Overview in ASEAN, which hopefully
could serve as one of the starting bases for further activities supporting smart grid implementation in
the future. We hope this study is useful to all stakeholders, especially policymakers, utilities and grid
operators in understanding the power system in ASEAN.

Maria-José Poddey Dr. Sanjayan Velautham

Principle Advisor for AGEP Executive Director
GIZ ASEAN Centre for Energy

Study on Smart Grid Overview in ASEAN

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgment.................................................................................................................................. 5
Disclaimer ......................................................................................................................................... 6
Foreword ......................................................................................................................................... 7
List of Abbreviations............................................................................................................................ 9

1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 12
1.1. Background and Objective.................................................................................................... 12
1.2. What is a Smart Grid?........................................................................................................... 12
1.3. Why using a Smart Grid?...................................................................................................... 14
1.4. Pre-requisites of developing a Smart Grid............................................................................ 14
1.5. Challenges and Benefits of using Smart Grids...................................................................... 14

2. Smart Grid Implementation........................................................................................................... 16

2.1. Good Practice of Smart Grid Implementation in the European Union................................... 16
2.2. ASEAN Case 1: Smart Grid Implementation in Indonesia.................................................... 18
2.3. ASEAN Case 2: Smart Grid Implementation in Thailand...................................................... 19
2.4. Highlight of Smart Grid Plan in ASEAN Member States........................................................ 20

3. Recommendations......................................................................................................................... 22
3.1. How to develop a Smart Grid strategy and apply it to AMS.................................................. 22
8 3.2. Technical recommendations.................................................................................................. 22
3.3. Policy recommendations....................................................................................................... 22

References ....................................................................................................................................... 23

Annex A. Overview on smart grid plans and activities in ASEAN Member States................ 24
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AC Alternating Current
ACE ASEAN Centre for Energy
AGEP ASEAN-German Energy Programme
AMI Advanced Metering Infrastructure
AMR Automatic Meter Reading
AMS ASEAN Member States
APAEC ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations
DAS Distribution Automation System
DC Direct Current
DLR Dynamic Line Rating
DSM Demand Side Management
DR Demand Response
EGAT Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
EMS Energy Management System
EPPO Energy Policy and Planning Office
EU European Union
EV Electric Vehicle
EVN Electricity of Vietnam (vertically integrated electric utility of Vietnam)
FACTS Flexible AC Transmission Systems
FTTX Fibre to the X 9
GIS Geographic Information System
GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit / German International Cooperation
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
HVDC High Voltage Direct Current
ICT Information and Communications Technology
IEA International Energy Agency
IES Intelligent Energy System
IGC Intelligent Grid Control
iNES Name of the ‘Intelligent distribution grid management system’ by German company SAG
IHD In-Home Display
kV Kilo Volt
LDC Load Dispatching Centre
LV Low Voltage
MDMS Meter Data Management System
MEA Metropolitan Electricity Authority
MV Medium Voltage
OPGW Optical Ground Wires
PEA Provincial Electricity Authority
PLC Power Line Communication
PMU Phasor Measurement Unit
PV Photovoltaics
R&D Research & development
RE Renewable Energy
SAS Substation Automation System
SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
ToU Time-of-Use

Study on Smart Grid Overview in ASEAN

 TRM Technology Roadmap
VRE Variable Renewable Energy
V2B Vehicle to Building
V2G Vehicle to Grid
WAMS Wide Area Monitoring System
WAPC Wide Area Protection and Control

10
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Study on Smart Grid Overview in ASEAN

 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background and Objective

With the rise of renewable energy in power systems, particularly in solar and wind energy, traditional
power systems are evolving from centralised systems with very few generating units to decentralised
systems with large numbers of generators, which has subsequently resulted in high levels of complexity.
To manage such these new power systems, the concept of ‘smart grids’ has been developed in recent
years which facilitates the flow of power and information in future power grids. Furthermore, smart grids
can improve the reliability of the supply of power in developing countries as well as facilitate efficient
integration of new industrial and residential electricity demands, such as Electric Vehicles (EV), while
also reducing expensive grid updates. This study elaborates on recommendations to apply smart grids
to the member states of the ASEAN region in order to establish reliable and cost-effective power supply
while also achieving the current renewable energy goal of 23% of total primary energy supply by 2025,
as specified by the 5th ASEAN Energy Outlook [1].

1.2 What is a Smart Grid?

“Smart Grid” today is used as a marketing term, rather than a technical definition. For this reason, there
is no well-defined and commonly accepted scope of what “smart” is and what it is not. However, smart
technologies do improve the observability and/or controllability of power systems. Therefore Smart Grid
technologies help to convert power grids from having static infrastructures operating as designed, to
flexible, “living” infrastructures operating proactively [2].

12 Various institutions have established definitions of the Smart Grid. Table I lists a number of these
definitions based on a compilation from the World Bank.
 Table I:
A Smart Grid: Various Definitions (partly compiled by the World Bank [3])
The European Technology Platform Smart Grid defines “Smart Grid” as follows:
A Smart Grid is an electricity network that can intelligently integrate the actions of all users connected to
it – generators, consumers, and those which do both – in order to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic,
and secure electricity supplies. A Smart Grid employs innovative products and services together with
intelligent monitoring, control, communication, and self-healing technologies in order to:
• better facilitate the connection and operation of generators of all sizes and technologies;
• allow consumers to take part in optimising the operation of the system;
• provide consumers with greater information and choice of supply;
• significantly reduce the environmental impact of the whole electricity supply system;
• deliver enhanced levels of reliability and security of supply.

Smart Grid deployment must include not only technology, market and commercial considerations,
environmental impact, regulatory framework, standardization usage, ICT (Information & Communication
Technology), and migration strategy, but also societal requirements and governmental edicts.
In the Department of Energy of the United States of America definition, a Smart Grid uses digital
technology to modernize the electricity system—from large generation through the delivery systems to
electricity consumption—and is defined by seven enabling performance-based functionalities:
• Customer participation
13
• Integration of all generation and storage options
• New markets and operations
• Power quality for the twenty-first century
• Asset optimisation and operational efficiency
• Self-healing from disturbances
• Resilience against attacks and disasters
The World Economic Forum defines the Smart Grid by these key characteristics:
• Self-healing and resilient
• Integration of advanced and low-carbon technologies
• Asset optimisation and operational efficiency
• Inclusion
• Heightened power quality
• Market empowerment
The International Energy Agency (IEA) states that a Smart Grid is an electricity network that uses digital
and other advanced technologies to monitor and manage the transport of electricity from all generation
sources to meet the varying electricity demands of end-users. Smart Grids coordinate the needs and
capabilities of all generators, grid operators, end-users, and electricity market stakeholders to operate all
parts of the system as efficiently as possible while also minimising costs and environmental impacts and
maximising system reliability, resilience, and stability

Study on Smart Grid Overview in ASEAN

 1.3 Why using a Smart Grid?
Many of the ASEAN Member States (AMS) are expecting a massive growth in demand. With further
anticipated price drops, variable renewable energy (VRE) from solar and wind power plants has
the potential to not only build up a sustainable power system but also decrease long term costs of
electricity. However, due to their variable power output and typical installation on the lower voltage
levels, a large degree of coordination and optimisation is needed, particularly with regards to the large
number of units.

This can be enabled by new Smart Grid processes and technologies that provide the necessary
means for monitoring, communication, and control. It facilitates a cost-effective integration into the
power system and further improves the overall system efficiency, as power is consumed more locally
and efficiently through demand and supply side management. Moreover, it accompanies the efficient
integration of new residential electricity demand coming from EVs for which otherwise major grid
reinforcements are needed.

The adoption of Smart Grids therefore decreases costs and environmental impact through renewable
energy integration and serves new industrial and residential electricity demand while maintaining or
improving grid reliability for the Smart Grid and the overall power system.

1.4 Pre-requisites of developing a Smart Grid

The high complexity of a Smart Grid requires a high degree of monitoring through sensor infrastructures
as well as the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure for the bidirectional
communication flow between the grid operators, market stakeholders, and the various grid users. For
example, smart meters are one of the Smart Grid technologies that are implemented worldwide to
connect consumers with the electric utilities and therefore make demand response and demand side
14 management possible.

Furthermore, due to the large amount of collected information there is a primary need to process
and filter this information on the lower voltage levels. This enables the control systems on the higher
voltage levels, such as the SCADA system, to make meaningful decisions without being overflown with
information. Different network management systems are suited for this to provide the appropriate tools
to the grid operator.

On the regulatory side, this has to be accompanied by opening the electricity market to new market
players by unbundling the power sector. The single buyer or monopoly electricity market model
dominates in most ASEAN countries. Policy, regulatory, and market frameworks are required to
introduce a competitive market. To ensure a fast, reliable, and secure data flow between the large
number of stakeholders, a high degree of standardisation is consequently a key priority.

1.5 Challenges and Benefits of using Smart Grids

Challenges in operating smart grids certainly remain, particularly regarding the management
of renewable energy (RE) intermittency as well as limited grid capacities. New communication
infrastructure is needed that must be backward compatible with the old, existing electrical infrastructure
that holds a long lifespan. Furthermore, cyber security is a high concern that must be addressed
appropriately. However, solutions to most challenges already exist today but have yet to reach
widespread adoption. By fostering regulatory frameworks to support these solutions, creating and
updating standards (i.e. IEC standards) [2], and building up capacity to enhance knowledge to deal
with these challenges, the benefits of smart grids can be reaped to create a cheap, reliable, and
environmentally friendly power system.
 15

Study on Smart Grid Overview in ASEAN

 2. SMART GRID IMPLEMENTATION

The evolution towards a Smart Grid is an incremental process. A large range of technologies and
processes have to be adopted in order to transform the current power system into an intelligent one.
These technologies encompass various domains, and some examples for technologies that have been
researched and demonstrated are shown in the following table.

Table II:
Smart Grid domains and important technologies for a successful Smart Grid transformation
Smart Grid domains Smart Grid technology examples
Wide Area Monitoring Systems (WAMS), Wide Area Protection and Control
Network and Asset (WAPC), substation automation, distribution grid monitoring and management,
Management outage management systems, self-healing/fault locator systems, advanced asset
management, data communication system.\
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) & Smart Meters, Meter Data Management
Demand Side System (MDMS) Automatic Meter Reading (AMR), Energy Management Systems
and Customer (EMS), Customer Relation Management (CRM), Time of Use-tariffs (ToU) and
Management real-time pricing, ICT integration, energy efficiency, Demand Response (DR),
Demand Side Management (DSM)
Integration of Network planning and analysis tools, grid support by smart inverters (e.g. power-
distributed generation frequency control, voltage control), virtual power plants, Geographic Information
and storage Systems (GIS), forecasting
Integration of
Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)
16 renewable and
transmission, Dynamic Line Ratings (DLR)
storage bulk power
Electric vehicle charging infrastructure, smart charging control strategies, Vehicle
Electric mobility
to Grid (V2G), Vehicle to Building (V2B)

Holistic smart grid systems are still very rare around the world and typically small. However, many
technology options have been tested in different research, development, and demonstration projects (to
be found in [4]) and commercialised. The IEA and the World Bank have drafted Smart Grid roadmaps
and strategies to detail the necessary steps for a transition towards a smart grid [3], [5], [6]. Many
countries have also established national Smart Grid roadmaps, e.g. the United Kingdom, Germany,
Denmark, and California [7]–[10]. Recommendations are given in the roadmaps to support the uptake
of Smart Grid technologies through financing, regulation, standardisation, and collaboration efforts.
However, in ASEAN the Smart Grid is still in its initial stages towards an implementation status.

2.1 Good Practice of Smart Grid Implementation in the European Union

Smart Grids are implemented worldwide by deploying the above-mentioned new technologies in
electrical grids. In the European Union (EU), there are 950 projects of EUR 5 billion investment for
Smart Grid deployment both in research and development (R&D) and demonstration projects [4]. The
Smart Grid projects in the EU demonstrate how EU members with country-specific circumstances can
achieve their national goals in the context of their nations along with EU goals.

An example of successful Smart Grid implementation is the intelligent distribution grid management
system (Intelligente Ortsnetzstation - iNES) [11] . This system has already been integrated by more
than eight distribution grid operators in Germany. It has been implemented both in problematic rural
grid structures and in highly intermeshed urban grid structures. The system provides decentralised,
autonomous monitoring and control of the low voltage grid along with partial automation and control of
the medium voltage grid.
The system is comprised of three boxes: the sBOX, mBOX, and aBOX, as demonstrated in Figure 1.
The mBOX is a measurement box which is installed at several strategic low voltage grid nodes and
sends real-time measurement data to the sBOX, which serves as the control box. The aBOX is an
actuator box which sends real-time data from selected loads, generators, and storage facilities to the
sBOX and receives control commands when necessary to control active and reactive power. The sBOX
is located at the local secondary substation and consolidates all information sent from the grid (from
mBOXes and aBOXes), and it calculates the instantaneous system condition which is then transferred
to the Intelligent Grid Control (IGC), which is also a component of the sBOX. The IGC then uses
algorithms to find the optimal strategy for action. The result with the highest probability to succeed is
then sent to the appropriate actuator where the action is subsequently executed. An actuator can be a
device such as a controllable local grid transformer, an in-phase regulator, a switching device, a feed-in
unit, or a battery [12].

Communication between the sBOX, control room, and measuring room is carried out via General
Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Fibre to the X (FTTX), or otherwise similar entity. Communications from
the sBOX to the network nodes and actuators is completed via Power Line Communication (PLC) [12].

17

Figure 1:
iNES Smart Grid Concept

Study on Smart Grid Overview in ASEAN

 A description of further specific Smart Grid project examples that have been or are currently being
carried out in the different EU member states can be found in [13]:
• The European Electricity Directive has set the goal of achieving a smart meter roll-out of 80% for
consumers until 2020 wherever it is cost-effective [14], e.g. in Sweden, where smart meters with
AMR functionality were introduced in 2009;
• Distribution grid monitoring and management for the Medium Voltage (MV) and the Low Voltage
(LV) level, e.g. in Germany, Spain, and Sweden;
• Self-healing systems, tested in Germany, the Czech Republic, and Spain that reduce outage
times below the existing low values;
• Dynamic line rating is increasingly used in Germany to decrease curtailment of renewables’
power production due to network congestion;
• The connection of large wind power parks through HVDC lines and the built-up of a European-
wide HVDC overlay grid;
• Building a widespread electric vehicle charging infrastructure, with the most prominent examples
coming from Norway and the Netherlands.

2.2 ASEAN Case 1: Smart Grid Implementation in Indonesia

Indonesia has recently begun to apply concrete steps for Smart Grid implementation, which is being
handled by PT. Perusahaan Listrik Negara, Persero (known as PLN). The first step involved the
drafting of a Smart Grid Roadmap for the country in 2016. This process was helped by the Smart Grid
Compass® Method from Siemens [15]. Using this method four business areas are considered, as
shown in Figure 2.

18 Smart Smart
Network Customer
Operations Service

Smart
Organisation

Smart Smart Asset

Energy and Work
Management

Figure 2:
Business areas of the Smart Grid Compass®

An initial orientation phase extracted the key goals that should be achieved in Indonesia in the near
future. These included, amongst others:
• the enhancement of grid reliability, e.g. through successful outage management as well as more
efficient planning procedures in building generation and network infrastructure;
• the establishment of state-of-the-art management processes;
• the improvement of energy access and grid reliability in rural areas and on islands;
• the integration of renewable energy to accompany the above goals.
Through the Smart Grid Roadmap an Initiatives Catalogue was created. This catalogue identifies key
projects which are to pilot different Smart Grid solutions that can, after successful completion, be applied
nationwide. The progress of each initiative is tracked through the Smart Grid Compass® framework.

Further, due to the diverse structure of Indonesia with its more than 5,000 inhabited islands,
the catalogue suggests a different approach where power systems are subdivided into different
regions, namely:
• The Main Island System – Java-Bali and Sumatera, being characterised by a large number of
customers and with a focus on generation expansion, grid reliability, and outage prevention;
• Medium sized islands such as Sulawesi and Kalimantan, with a focus on renewable energy,
electricity access, and grid stability for an extension of industrial activity;
• Small Island Systems and isolated networks, with a focus on electricity access and a combination
of on-grid/off-grid solutions with renewables.

Current Smart Grid projects in Indonesia are at this time limited to a very few research and
demonstration projects. Examples comprise of the Nusa Penida, Morotai, Karimun, and Sumba islands,
where hybrid micro grids with photovoltaic, wind power, and storage have been built up, as well as
advanced metering infrastructure that has been set up in various locations in Jakarta. Further activities
are planned through Indonesian-German cooperation and are to be implemented by PLN and GIZ, with
the purpose to integrate photovoltaic and biogas generation plants across multiple Indonesian islands.

2.3 ASEAN Case 2: Smart Grid Implementation in Thailand

Thailand’s Energy Policy and Planning Office (EPPO), under the Ministry of Energy, developed a
national smart grid master plan in 2015 which followed the Smart Grid Roadmap made by the utility
industry in 2012 [16]. The Ministry of Energy as a national policy maker agency has framed the national
Smart Grid Roadmap with the vision to “Encourage electricity supply adequately, efficiency, sustainably, 19
with quality service, and to maximize benefits to the country”. This will be driven by five strategies;
1. Power quality and reliability,
2. Energy sustainability and efficiency,
3. Utility operation and service,
4. Integration and interoperability,
5. Economic and industrial competitiveness.

The status of Smart Grid development in Thailand is still in its pilot stage, which mainly focuses on
generation and distribution systems in order to address interoperability technology. The Provincial
Electricity Authority (PEA) and the Metropolitan Electricity Authority (MEA) have Smart Grid roadmaps
for consumer engagement, which aim to enable consumers to take control of their energy usage and
bills through the use of digital information and technology.

Currently, the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) is piloting Smart Grid and microgrid projects
in Maehongson, located in the north of Thailand1. This consists of solar power (0.5 Megawatt/MW), hydropower
(11 MW), and diesel generation (4.4 MW) to meet the electricity demand of the Maehongson district, which is
at 13 MW. Moreover, EGAT will implement the microgrid controller, a communication system, and interface
devices. The project’s installation process began in 2016 and is expected to finish by the end of 2019.

Further, EGAT has been very active in energy storage, especially battery energy storage. 1 MWh of
battery energy storage, which has already received approval from the government, is expected to be
installed next year in Maehongson. Moreover, EGAT has two more battery energy storage projects
in other cities, namely Chaiyaphum (16 MWh) and Lopburi (21 MWh). Chaiyaphum and Lopburi are
located in the Southeast of Thailand where they have a high potential for renewables.

1
http://www.thai-smartgrid.com/microgrid-maehongson/

Study on Smart Grid Overview in ASEAN

 PEA is one of the utilities which is very active in Smart Grid development in regards to the system
of distribution. PEA has a comprehensive plan for a pilot implementation in Pattaya city, Chonburi
province. 116,000 smart meters will be deployed by Itron and the ALT Telecom Public company until
2020. The smart metre function consists of load limit, connect/disconnect, demand response, metere
reading, outage monitoring, temperature detection, and prepayment. Moreover, PEA is going to
implement other systems, such as the smart substation, IT integration, and self-healing system. PEA will
start to install the system and test it in August 2018 with an expected finish by 2020.

2.4 Highlight of Smart Grid Plan in ASEAN Member States

Other AMS have also already established Smart Grid roadmaps through ASEAN-German cooperation,
the World Bank, or other development agencies.

Vietnam is currently developing multiple initiatives, such as substation automation, SCADA, and energy
management systems, as well as a wide area monitoring system [17]. A Smart Grid development plan
consisting of three phases was developed in 2012. The projected schedule for the three phases can be
viewed in Annex A. Throughout the three phases there are many new Smart Grid goals planned for the
Vietnamese transmission and distribution system, such as:
• SCADA on the transmission and distribution grid as well as at substations and generation plants;
• Energy management systems;
• AMI/Demand Response application deployment in order to enable a retail electricity market;
• Enhanced system reliability and efficiency;
• Smart Home and Smart City research programs;
• Integration of distributed generation into the transmission and distribution grid.

Several pilot projects have already been completed in Vietnam during the first phase in 2013 [18].
20
The Philippines have established Smart Grid Technical Working Groups (formed by the regulator,
utilities, transmission and distribution system operator, and market operator) and are currently
formulating Smart Grid policies and guidelines as well as a Smart Grid implementation roadmap [19].
Demand Side Management will also be explored by providing consumers with In-Home Displays (IHD)
in order to better manage consumption behaviour [20].

Malaysia has formulated a 25-year roadmap for Smart Grid technology in 2009 and plans to focus on
developing a smarter power grid with higher reliability and a reduced carbon footprint in the coming
years. Consumers will also be encouraged to actively participate in consumption management to
increase energy efficiency [20].

In Singapore, advancements in research in AMI and Demand Response continue to be made in order
to enable consumers to benefit from more efficient energy consumption and to open the retail electricity
market for competition [21]June 2010, states that “smart grid technologies, including advanced battery
technologies for highly-efficient and cost-effective energy storage, can help to integrate intermittent
renewable power sources and building control systems that let businesses and consumers use energy
more efficiently, and they can also help to enhance the reliability of electricity supply, extend the
useful life of power system components, and reduce system operating costs.” The energy ministers
further instructed the APEC Energy Working Group (EWG. Singapore is also making plans to prepare
the system for high penetrations of EV infrastructure, reduce CO2 emissions, and improve EMS and
monitoring solutions [22].

Lao PDR is continuing its enhancement of the distribution network and is (along with the remaining
AMS) still focusing on increasing electrification rates and supplying potential consumers with basic
electricity access while also keeping future Smart Grid goals in mind [20].

In Annex A, an overview about the current smart grid situation in the AMS is given.
 21

Study on Smart Grid Overview in ASEAN

 3. RECOMMENDATIONS

3.1 How to develop a Smart Grid strategy and apply it to AMS

Smart Grid roadmaps for different AMS can help to analyse which of the different technology options
have the highest priority for the proceeding steps towards Smart Grid adoption. Through investment
plans and demonstration projects these technologies should be adopted by selected distribution
networks and then refined. The single technology options can then be connected with each other to
create holistic solutions that can subsequently be replicated and used by other networks. Lessons
learned during this process will support the implementation of standards and regulatory changes.
This may involve opening up energy markets to new market players with the purpose of creating new
avenues for opportunity and driving innovation. By establishing a Smart Grid Forum of utilities and
regulators as well as working groups within the AMS, an information exchange can be established
which will accelerate the transition.

3.2 Technical recommendations

It is recommended to check the efforts that are currently made in the different Smart Grid domains
of Table II and create databases to track their current progress as well as allow for data access and
transparency. This will serve to help new players to enter into the AMS markets. Demonstration
projects should be supported by utilities and governments to gain experience in these areas as well
as to support commercial applications and develop their own applications for the AMS as follows:
• Establish data analysing centre for improving services;
22 • Develop/improve the grid code for RE integration at the beginning of RE adoption;
• Establish a renewable energy forecast centre for real-time data monitoring;
• Integrate other infrastructures and platforms, e.g. electric vehicles, energy storage systems, and
building management systems;
• Deploy an energy back up control centre for emergency events in each of the ASEAN Member
States;
• Deploy self-healing for low voltage and medium voltage distribution automation systems;
• Deploy micro-grids as small-scale smart grid demonstrations;
• Monitor and assess the RE impact on LV and MV network reliability from initial adoption;
• Upgrade the electric network protection infrastructure for the support of high RE shares.

3.3 Policy recommendations

Innovation and efficiency should be incentivised by supporting new commercial arrangements and
incentivising investments, as well as standards and institutional restructuring being adopted and further
developed. Further focus should be given to consumer engagement and empowerment as well as data
privacy and cyber security. Specific implementation examples are:
• Restructure the institutional framework of the electricity market;
• Develop interoperability communication and security standards;
• Empower consumer engagement;
• Evaluate the consumer behaviour perception for the adoption of new technologies;
• Design dynamic electric pricing mechanisms;
• Provide capacity building through training and seminars;
• Develop relevance certificates, e.g. solar rooftop installation;
• Develop incentives for residential sector engagement, e.g. tax exemptions;
• Evaluate the cost-benefits of deploying new technologies in the consumer, utility, and country dimensions
• Provide research support to academic institutions and private sectors in both hardware and
software development.
•
REFERENCES

[1] ASEAN Centre for Energy, “The 5th ASEAN Energy Outlook 2015 - 2040,” p. 142, 2017.
[2] IEC, “IEC Smart Grid Standardization Roadmap,” IEC Rep., no. June, pp. 1–136, 2010.
[3] M. Madrigal and R. Uluski, Practical Guidance for Defining a Smart Grid Modernization Strategy:
The Case of Distribution. 2015.
[4] F. Gangale, J. Vasiljevska, C. F. Covrig, A. Mengolini, and G. Fulli, Smart grid projects outlook
2017 Facts, figures and trends in Europe. 2017.
[5] International Energy Agency, “Technology Roadmap - Smart Grids,” Current, p. 52, 2011.
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[7] Ofgem, DECC, and Smart Grid Forum, “Smart Grid Vision and Routemap Smart Grid Forum,”
Rep. Number URN 14D / 056, no. February, 2014.
[8] German E-Energy Consortium., “The German Roadmap: E-Energy/ Smart Grid, paving the way
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[9] Danish Ministry of Climate- Energy and Building, “Smart Grid Strategy - The intelligent energy
system of the future,” vol. 5, no. May, pp. 31–33, 2013.
[10] J. Patterson, P. Gomez, and M. Gravely, “FINAL PROJECT REPORT CALIFORNIA UTILITY
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Available: https://www.spie-sag.de/de-en/services-products/smart-technologies/smart-grids.php.
[Accessed: 07-Jul-2018]. 23
[12] SAG, “iNES(R) - Intelligent Distribution Grid Management System,” 2016.
[13] ERDF Technical Committee, “GRID4EU - Final report,” no. 268206, p. 246, 2016.
[14] European Union, “Directive of 2009/72/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of
13 July 2009 Concerning Common Rules for the Internal Market in Electricity and Repealing
Directive 2003/54/EC,” Off. J. Eur. Union, vol. L211, no. August, p. L 211/55-L 211/93, 2009.
[15] B. Römer, Y. Julliard, R. Fauzianto, M. Poddey and I. Rendroyoko, “Pioneering Smart Grids for
Indonesia - the Case of a Smart Grid Roadmap Development Giz Asean-Resp and Siemenson
Smart,” Cired 2017, no. June, pp. 12–15, 2017.
[16] S. Asadamongkol, “Thailand Smart Grid Development,” no. September, pp. 11–14, 2013.
[17] World Bank Group, “Smart Grid to Enhance Power Transmission in Vietnam,” 2016.
[18] N. T. Le, “A Report about the electrical system and Smart Grid Development Plan in Vietnam,”
2014.
[19] R. E. Delola, “Comprehensive and Holistic Smart Grid Policy Framework and Roadmap for the
Philippines,” no. November, 2017.
[20] H. Bae, “Southeast Asia Smart Meter Market Overview: Market Trends, Challenges, Future plans
and Opportunities,” 2012.
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[22] National Climate Change Secretariat and National Research Foundation, “Smart Grid
Technology Primer: A Summary,” 2011.
[23] J. Kamsamrong, “Enhancing Smart Grid Development in Thailand: The integration of smart
home, smart user and smart policy. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation),” Braunschweig
University of Technology, 2018.

Study on Smart Grid Overview in ASEAN

 ANNEX A.
OVERVIEW ON SMART GRID PLANS AND
ACTIVITIES IN ASEAN MEMBER STATES
Table III:
Overview on Smart Grid plans and activities in ASEAN Member States (based on [23])

Electrification Smart grid Target of smart Key findings of Current smart grid
Country
rate (%) [1] plan meter roll out smart grid plan activities

Brunei 100 N/A N/A N/A N/A

Cambodia 65 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Indonesia 91 Yes • Indonesian • Increasing penetration of • Smart Micro-grids on
vision for the renewable energy, diversification in some islands (Nusa
future - a network electricity generations, reduction in Penida, Morotai,
of integrated carbon emission Karimun and Sumba)
systems that can • Enhanced compatibility of
monitor and heal electricity network with increased
itself penetration of renewable energy
• Advanced • Communications between the
Metering network and various types of
Infrastructure generation
(AMI): selected • Providing services for various
customers with consumers’ electricity needs,
10,000 smart mainly in remote and isolated
meters in trial areas
projects via
Power Line
Communication
(PLC)
24
Laos 92 Load N/A There will be a distribution control Load dispatching centre
dispatching centre in Sisakhet which is expected project in Sisakhet
centre to be completed in 2017
(LDC)
There are four locations of
distribution reinforcement which were
developed in 2016-2017 in Vientiane,
Khammounce, Savannakhet, and
Luang Prabang
Malaysia 98 TNB’s Pilot project of 1,000 There are three phases of Smart Grid • An instalment of
25 years smart metres in two implementation 1,000 Smart Grid
Electricity areas of Malaysia • Phase 1 (2010-2011): Improve advance metres both
Technology Smart metre roll-out reliability in Putrajaya and
Roadmap is expected to be • Phase 2 (2011-2013): Increase Malacca
(TRM) completed by 2023 customers participation and • Kema Microgrid
improve energy efficiency
• Phase 3 (2011-2015): Reduce CO2

Myanmar 44 N/A N/A N/A N/A

Philippines 88 Yes • 140,000 metres This first phase of The Manila • Advanced SCADA
by 2016 Electric Company’s long-term Project
• Deploy smart Smart Grid vision is integration • Overall Command
metres with In- of “smart intelligence” into the Centre Project
home Display electric distribution network to help • Feasibility Study
(IHD) consumers better manage their (FS) for First Smart
electricity consumption. Grid Substation in
Philippines
• Renewable Energy
Integration
 Electrification Smart grid Target of smart Key findings of Current smart grid
Country
rate (%) [1] plan meter roll out smart grid plan activities

Singapore 100 Yes Intelligent Energy • Phase 1: Develop the enabling In Singapore, the
System (IES) infrastructure (2010-2012) Intelligent Energy
project of 2,000 • Phase 2: Roll out smart metres to System (IES) project
smart metres assess applications and consumer is the first large-scale
in a Housing response (2012-2013) deployment to gather
Development Board feedback on the
(HDB) estate with distribution network, with
In-home Display a $30 million investment
funded by Singapore
Power and the
Singapore Government.
• Advanced Metreing
and Communication
Infrastructure
• Demand response
management systems
• Management system
for distributed energy
source
• Experimental Power
Grid Centre 25
• Pulau Ubin Microgrid
Thailand 99 PEA A pilot project of The combination of smart energy, • MEA Smart Grid
Smart Grid 110,000 smart smart life, and smart community roadmap including
roadmap metres in Pattaya • Stage 1: Laying the foundations SAS/DAS, SCADA-
started by 2018 (2012-2016) DMS, Smart metre,
• Stage 2: Large scale integration EV related business
(2017-2021) development, and
• Stage 3: Optimal stage (2022- technical impacts
2026) • Mae Hong Son Smart
• Stage 4: Ultimate stage (2027- Grid national pilot
2031) project
• Renewable energy
generation developing
project at Kood island
and Maki island

Study on Smart Grid Overview in ASEAN

 Electrification Smart grid Target of smart Key findings of Current smart grid
Country
rate (%) [1] plan meter roll out smart grid plan activities

Vietnam 98 Decision Pilot project of EVN Three phases of implementation as • ToU metre program
No. 1670/ and world bank follows: • Load demand
QD-TTg at approximately • Phase 1 (2012-2016) research
issued on 8 10,000 metres - Improving efficiency operation • Project “10 Years
November of power system road map for smart
2012 pro- - Implementation of pilot grid distribution in
vides a plan programs Vietnam” including
for Smart - Editing of regulatory smart metereing,
Grid devel- documents in the Smart Grid customer program,
opment in - Making technique specification and distribution
Vietnam standards automation
- Installation of SCADA/EMS • SCADA/EMS project
systems at three Regional on distribution grid
Load Dispatch Centres and at management
power plants & substations at • Installation of
500kV, 220kV, & 110kV levels electronic metre
- Building Advanced Metreing project
Infrastructure (AMI) for • Electric vehicles in
electricity distribution tourism and large
companies which will include cities (Cua Lo, Sam
Automatic Metre Reading Son, Hai Phong,
(AMR) Hanoi, and Ho Chi
- Integrate renewable sources Minh City)
into the transmission grid • AMR project in Ho
• Phase 2 (2017-2022) Chi Minh City by EVN
- Continue with the Smart Grid SPC
development programs • MiniSCADA project in
- Applying electrical systems Da Nang City by EVN
- Optimize transmission grid CPC
operation • Wide-area
- Install SCADA/EMS at all surveillance system in
distribution transformers 500 kV transmission
- Extend AMI installation to all networks via Optical
major customers, implement Ground Wires
26 Demand Response application (OPGW)
to enable the electricity market
at the transmission grid level
- Integration of distribution
resources in the MV and LV
grids
- Encourage smart home and
smart city research program
• Phase 3 (after 2022)
- Continue distribution of
communication infrastructure
programs
- Apply Smart Grid achievement
to electrical systems
 27

Study on Smart Grid Overview in ASEAN

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