1.

Based on the discussion, the flow of ESP teaching-learning process

mainly involves needs analysis, course (and syllabus) design, materials
selection (and production), teaching and learning, and evaluation.
Dudley-Evans and St. Johns illustrate the theory and the reality of flow in
ESP process through these cyclical representations. Figure out the
differences of the two illustrations.

2. Cite the merits and drawbacks of the three approaches discussed by

completing the table.

APPROACHES MERITS DRAWBACKS

Language-centered
Course Design

Skills-centered
Course Design

Learning-centered
Approach