CÔNG THỨC VẬT LÍ HIỆN ĐẠI

x ' =γ (x−vt)

x=γ (x ¿ ¿ ' + v t ' )¿

'
y= y
z=z '

( )
t ' =γ t−
v
c2
x

( cv )
t=γ t + x '
2
'

' '
dx γ ( d x + vd t ) dt '(u 'x +v ) u '+ v
ux= = = = x
dt ' v ' ' v ' v
γ (d t + 2 d x ) d t (1+ 2 u x ) 1+ 2 u x '
c c c

'dx
'
γ ( dx−vdt ) u x −v
u= '= =
( )
x
dt v v
γ dt − 2 dx 1− 2 ux
c c

dy ' dy u y dt uy
u'y = = = =
dt ' v v v
γ (dt − 2 dx ) γ ( dt− 2 u x dt) γ (1− 2 u x )
c c c

(√ )
⃗ d ⃗p d ( γ m0 ⃗u ) d u⃗
F= = =m0
dt dt dt u
2
1− 2
c

d ⃗u

√
2 −2 ⃗u
d u⃗ u dt
1− 2 − u⃗

√ ( )
dt c u
2
u
2
⃗u
2c 2
1− 2 a⃗ 1− 2
+ ( u⃗ . ⃗a ) 2
c c c
¿ m0 =m0
( )
2 2 3
u u
1− 1− 2
c2 c
2

Nhân u⃗ vào 2 v ế ta đ ượ c :

( )
2
u
2
( ⃗u . ⃗a ) u
( u⃗ . ⃗a ) 1− 2
+
c c2 (⃗u . ⃗a )
⃗
F . u⃗=m0 =m0

( ) ( )
2 3 3
u 2 u2 2
1− 2
1− 2
c c

( )
2 3
⃗ u 2
F . u⃗ 1− 2
 ( u⃗ . ⃗a )=
c
(¿ )
m0
Thay ( ¿ ) l ạ iban đ ầ u:

( )
3
u2
(⃗
F . u⃗ ) 1− 2

⃗
F =m 0
( )
a⃗ 1−
u2
c2
+
m0
c2 ⃗
u
c2

( )
2 3
u
1− 2
2
c

( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 2 2 3
u u u ⃗
u
 ⃗
F 1− 2 2 =m0 ⃗a 1− 2 +( ⃗
c c
F . u⃗ ) 1− 2
c
2

c2

⃗ (⃗
F . ⃗u)
F =γm 0 a⃗ + 2 . u⃗
c

Chứ ng minh :γ u =γ u γ v 1− '

( ux v
c
2 )
1 1
=

√ √
'2
1−
u u2x +u2y +u2z
' ' '

2 1−
c c 2

√
¿

( ) ( )
2 2
2 v 2 v
u y 1− u z 1−

( )
2 2 2
1 u x −v 1 1 c c
1− 2 − 2 − 2

( ) ( )
2 2
c u v c ux v c ux v
1− x 2 1− 2 1− 2
c c c
ux v
1− 2
c
¿

√( ) ( ) ( )
2
ux v 1 2 1 2 v 1 2 v
2 2

2( x
1− 2
− u −v ) − 2 u y 1− 2 − 2 u z 1− 2
c c c c c c

ux v
1− 2
c
¿

√( 1−
c
2
−
) ( )
u2 v 2
c
2
1−
u2
c
2

ux v
1−
¿
c2
=γ u γ v 1−
( ux v
)
√(
c2
)( )
2 2
u v
1− 2 1− 2
c c

'
p x =γ u m0 u x =γ u γ v 1−
'
(
' ux v
c
2 ) m0
u x −v
v
1− 2 u x
=m0 γ u γ v ( u x −v )

c
¿ m0 γ v p x −
( E
c
2
v
)
E '
p x =m 0 y v ( 2
v+ p x )
c

'
' ux v
p y =γ u m0 u y =γ u γ v 1− 2 m0
'

c u v
v2

(
c2
) √
u y 1−

1− x 2
c

√
2
v
¿ γ u γ v m0 u y 1− 2 =γ u m0 u y = p y
c

' 2
E =γ u m 0 c =γ u y v 1−
'
( ux v
c
2 ) 2
m0 c =γ v ( E−p x v )

 '
E=γ v (E + px v) '